Pranam 1 Helicopter take off reply is older than a decade back. Today they are fast takers < 2 minutes; and as old cars are done, old helicopters are tested 45 to 106 items in the morning, which may take even 45 minutes but pilots throughout the day can take off in 2 to 5 minutes; blades balancing are too old today by the relevant technology. The average helicopter takes around 2-5 minutes to start the engines, get the instruments & systems working and tested before the helicopter is ready for takeoff. The colder the helicopter is, the longer it takes for the oil & hydraulic fluids to get to optimum temperature before liftoff. A simple piston-powered helicopter like a Robinson R22 or Cabri Guimbal has very few systems, which a pilot with experience on those helicopters can be up and running in a matter of minutes. Late news is unwelcome. 2 The lowest excited state <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excited_state> of the diatomic oxygen molecule <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dioxygen> is a singlet state <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singlet_state>. It is a gas with physical properties differing only subtly from those of the more prevalent triplet <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triplet_oxygen> ground state <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground_state> of O2. In terms of its chemical reactivity, however, singlet oxygen is far more reactive toward organic compounds. It is responsible for the photodegradation <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photodegradation> of many materials but can be put to constructive use in preparative organic chemistry <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_synthesis> and photodynamic therapy <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photodynamic_therapy>. Trace amounts of singlet oxygen are found in the upper atmosphere and also in polluted urban atmospheres where it contributes to the formation of lung-damaging nitrogen dioxide <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen_dioxide> So too, single corbon. Anything single has only an adverse effect hence only the institution of marriage was found out. Brahmacharyam is powerful; advaitham is tougher to attain; and Easwara brahmam is infinite. 3 Many inventions came only out of the older system of different usages applied to multiple purposes and vacuum is one. IT IS BASED ON SUCTION A PHYSICS BOUDIKA APPLICATION. Ayurveda says that blood vitiated by vata ,pitta and kapha should be removed from the body, by using sringa (horn of animal),jaloka (leeches),and alabu(pitcher guard) respectively.Blood vitiated by all the doshas by using all these things,for removal of more blood using either horn ,leeches ,or pitcher guard is especially suitable.here we discussed about sringa and alabu chikitsa. Shring and Alabu Therapy can be correlated with cupping therapy {later adopted in China} which is a modified form of shring and alabu therapy.cupping therapy is a form of alternative medicine  in which cups are placed on the skin to create suction. USA research as usual disbelieved it all. 6 Chapter 8 - Trial and Torture to Elicit Confession ARTHA SASTRA koutilyar
Whether an accused is a stranger or a relative to a complainant, his defence witness shall, in the presence of the complainant, be asked as to the defendant’s country, caste, family, name, occupation, property, friends, and residence.[1] <https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/kautilya-arthashastra/d/doc366112.html#note-e-128971> The answers obtained shall be compared with the defendant’s own statements regarding the same. Then the defendant shall be asked as to not only the nature of the work he did during the day previous to the theft, but also the place where he spent the night till he was caught hold of. If his answers for these questions are attested to by reliable referees or witnesses, he shall be acquitted. Otherwise he shall be subjected to torture (anyathā <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/anyatha#history> karmaprāptaḥ). Three days after the commission of a crime, no suspected person (śaṅkitaka) shall be arrested, inasmuch as there is no room for questions unless there is strong evidence to bring home the charge. Persons who charge an innocent man with theft, or conceal a thief, shall themselves be liable to the punishment for theft. When a person accused of theft proves in his defence the complainant’s enmity or hatred towards himself, he shall be acquitted. Any person who keeps an innocent man in confinement (parivāsayataḥ śuddha <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/shuddha#dharmashastra>) shall be punished with the first amendment. Guilt against a suspected person shall be established by the production of such evidence as the instruments made use of by the accused, his accomplices or abettors, the stolen article, and any middlemen involved in selling or purchasing the stolen article. The validity of the above evidence shall also be tested with reference to both the scene of the theft and the circumstances connected with the possession and distribution of the stolen article. When there are no such evidence and when the accused is wailing much, he shall be regarded as innocent. For owing to one’s accidental presence on the scene of theft, or to one’s accidental resemblance to the real thief in respect to his appearance, his dress, his weapons, or possession of articles similar to those stolen, or owing to one’s presence near the stolen articles, as in the case of Māṇḍavya <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/mandavya#hinduism>, who under the fear of torture admitted himself to be the thief', one, though innocent, is often seized as a thief. Hence the production of conclusive evidence shall be insisted upon. (Tasmātsamāptakaraṇam niyamayet=hence punishment shall be meted out only when the charge is quite established against the accused?)[2] <https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/kautilya-arthashastra/d/doc366112.html#note-e-128972> Ignoramuses,[3] <https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/kautilya-arthashastra/d/doc366112.html#note-e-128973> youngsters, the aged, the afflicted, persons under intoxication, lunatics, persons suffering from hunger, thirst, or fatigue from journey, persons who have just taken more than enough of meal, persons who have confessed of their own accord (ātmakāśita), and persons who are very weak—none of these shall be subjected to torture. Among the spies, such as harlots, suppliers of water and other drinks to travellers, story-tellers, hotel-keepers providing travellers with boarding and lodging, any one who happens to be acquainted with the work similar to that of the suspected, may be let off to watch his movements, as described in. connection with misappropriation of sealed deposits. Those whose guilt is believed to be true shall be subjected to torture (āptadoṣam karma <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/karma#hinduism> kārayet). But not women who are carrying or who have not passed a month after delivery. Torture of women shall be half of the prescribed standard. Or women with no exception may be subjected to the trial of cross-examination (vākyānuyogo vā). Those of Brahman <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/brahman#hinduism> caste and learned in the Vedas <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/vedas#hinduism>, as well as ascetics, shall only be subjected to espionage. Those who violate, or cause to violate, the above rules shall be punished with the first amercement. The same punishment shall be imposed in case of causing death to any one by torture. There are in vogue four kinds of torture (karma): Six punishments (ṣaṭdaṇḍa), seven kinds of whipping (kaśa <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/kasa#hinduism>), two kinds of suspension from above (upari nibandhau), and water-tube (udakanālikā ca). As to persons who have committed grave offences, the form of torture will be nine kinds of blows with a cane; 12 beats, two thighs: two knots; 20 beats with a stick of the tree (naktamāla <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/naktamala#hinduism>); 32 beats on each palm of the hands and on each sole of the feet; two bindings, the hands, the legs being joined so as to appear like a scorpion; two kinds of suspensions, face downwards (ullambane cale); burning one of the joints of a finger after the accused has been made to drink rice gruel; heating his body for a day after he has been made to drink oil; causing him to lie on coarse green grass for a night in winter. These are the 18 kinds of torture. [4] <https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/kautilya-arthashastra/d/doc366112.html#note-e-128974> The instruments of the accused, their size, weapons, dress, and identity, shall one understand from Parchment Register.[4] <https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/kautilya-arthashastra/d/doc366112.html#note-e-128974> Each day a fresh kind of the torture may be employed. Regarding those criminals who rob in accordance with the threat previously made by them, who have made use of the stolen articles in part, who have been caught hold of in the very act or with the stolen articles, who have attempted to seize the king’s treasury, or who have committed culpable crime, may, in accordance with the order of the king, be subjected once or many times to one or all of the above kinds of torture. Whatever may be the nature of the crime, no Brāhman offender shall be tortured. The face of a Brāhman convict shall be branded so as to leave a mark indicating his crime: the sign of a dog in theft, that of a headless body in murder; that of the female part (bhaga <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/bhaga#hinduism>) in rape with the wife of a teacher, and that of the flag of vintners for drinking liquor. * After having thus branded to a wound and proclaimed his crime in public, the king shall either banish a Brāhman offender or send him to the mines for life.[5] <https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/kautilya-arthashastra/d/doc366112.html#note-e-128975> [Thus ends Chapter VIII, “Trial and Torture to Elicit Confession,” in Book IV, “The Removal of Thorns” of the Arthaśāstra <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/arthashastra#arthashastra> of Kauṭilya <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/kautilya#hinduism>. End of the eighty-fifth chapter from the beginning.] 7 Again outdated Q and A now in India: Many hospital do require in India Husbands to be present as in the west 8 Washing machine joke appearing "nth" time; even one shirt can be washed in smart washing machines; the question and answer relates to a decade back when the word load was used; now all electronics have smart functions; for example web based televisions are there which when you switch on and say start a film, goes to audio video modes of selective patterns; if you had connected the sound system and switch on the sound mode , can switch on the sound mode and use them; when you come back to see the serial can go back to the original system; you can switch on netflix and amazon in a button; so please stay tight at present. KR IRS 231221 On Thu, 23 Dec 2021 at 06:25, 'gopala krishnan' via iyer123 < [email protected]> wrote: > *CULTURAL QA 12-2021-23* > > *BEING A COMPILATION THERE MAY BE ERRORS* > > Q1 Why don't helicopters take off as soon as the blades start > spinning? > > A1 Dr. Sachin Shekhar Sat > > *Mere spinning can't create lift in fluid. The blades* can spin at > maximum speed for hours, but helicopter won't take off. > > If you look at the ceiling fan in your room, *blades have *angles which > is why it throws air down. That angle is called Blade Pitch and it's a > big stuff in aeronautics. > > Blade pitch - Wikipedia > > Blade pitch or simply pitch refers to the angle of a blade in a fluid. The > term has applications in aeronautics, shipping, and other fields. > > Aeronautics A propeller blade in feathered position In aeronautics, blade > pitch refers to the angle of the blades of an aircraft propeller or > helicopter rotor . *Blade pitch is measured relative to the aircraft body*. > It is usually described as "fine" or "low" for a more vertical blade angle, > and "coarse" or "high" for a more horizontal blade angle. *Blade pitch is > normally described as a ratio of forward distance per rotation assuming no > slip.* Blade pitch acts much like the gearing of the final drive of a > car. Low pitch yields good low speed acceleration (and climb rate in an > aircraft) while high pitch optimizes high speed performance and fuel > economy. *It is quite common for an aircraft to be designed with a > variable-pitch propeller , to give maximum thrust over a larger speed range*. > A fine pitch would be used during take-off and landing, whereas a coarser > pitch is used for high-speed cruise flight. This is because the effective > angle of attack of the propeller blade decreases as airspeed increases. To > maintain the optimum effective angle of attack, the pitch must be > increased. Blade pitch angle is not the same as blade angle of attack. As > speed increases, blade pitch is increased to keep blade angle of attack > constant. A propeller blade's "lift", or its thrust, depends on the angle > of attack combined with its speed. Because the velocity of a propeller > blade varies from the hub to the tip, it is of twisted form in order for > the thrust to remain approximately constant along the length of the blade; > this is called "blade twist". This is typical of all but the crudest > propellers. > > *Helicopters- In helicopters, pitch control changes* the angle of > incidence of the rotor blades, which in turn affects the blades' angle of > attack. Main rotor pitch is controlled by both collective and cyclic, > whereas tail rotor pitch is altered using pedals. Feathering Feathering > the blades of a propeller means to increase their angle of pitch by turning > the blades to be parallel to the airflow. This minimizes drag from a > stopped propeller following an engine failure in flight. > > Reverse thrust Some propeller-driven aircraft permit the pitch to be > decreased beyond the fine position until the propeller generates thrust in > the reverse direction. This is called thrust reversal , and the propeller > position is called the beta position. > > Feather-Helicopter rotars aren't normal gigantic fans. They have > mechanism to change the blade pitch and that's the secret behind helicopter > going up or down. Pilots use Blade Pitch Control in cockpit to change the > angle of blades which make the helicopter go up or down. I hope you get > it now. *So long as the Blade Pitch is 0, the helicopter won't take off.* > > Q2 How much carbon monoxide does a gas stove produce? > > A2 David Thomas Professional Engineer, Civil, Alaska Tue > > A modern, gas stove in your house? Essentially none. The air and fuel is > well mixed in the proper proportions and if there’s a blue (versus yellow) > flame, it is not too rich in fuel. The pot bottom is far enough above the > burner for combustion to go to completion and not be quenched on the cold > metal. > > A camping stove or backpacking stove? Some of those produce a lot of CO > and if used in a tent, it could build up to concerning levels if left on. > If used for 5 minutes to boil water, no problem, but never use an untested, > unvented combustion device inside for any length of time. > > Q3 Was there vaccuum cleaners in the eras of 1950's to 1970's? > If so, what brand and were they any good? > > A3 Victoria Ng Dec 7 > > The earlier vaccuums were bigger and does the job. Picking up bigger dust > and particles. But did it come with a brush attachment and can it vaccuum > through the fibers of the carpet? Doesn’t seem so, but imagine lugging > around the house! It looks almost like an engine with a big battery charger > attached. Did anyone see this model before perhaps in museum? > > Light weight and looks like an air tank the Electrolux was one of the > earlier companies who made vaccuums. This one can be lifted with just one > finger! > > Another top brand of the era was Eureka and Hoover. It looks more like a > space ship of some sort. In the 1950’s the best product displayed is > below. I wonder how good they are and if they were loud? Were they bagless > or comes with a bag? > > A vintage vaccuum grave yard. Parked vaccuums that will never be used, but > for collectibles. They came in all colours, shapes and sizes. Incredible > like a candy shop here! Which one did you have at home as a kid? > > *My note- Eurekka forbes vaccum cleaners were* common in India during > 1990’s. I have one still in working condition, but rarely used. > > Q4 What are some examples of English words coined and used by > Indians that might confound Americans and Britishers? > > A4 Gopalkrishna Vishwanath No formal qualifications for > teaching English.Just 60 years experience using it17h > > In a recent tweet, Sean Kernan has listed a few new words from Indian > English that he learned. I would like to extend that list. > > These are the words that Sean listed. > > Freshers = they are new/no experience > > Nice click = good picture > > Out of station = Out of town > > Shift = relocate > > Prepone = move appointment earlier (opposite of postpone) > > Here are a few more used by Indians from various parts of the country. > > In South India, you often hear of “Co-brother” or “Co-Sister” > > Your Co-brother is the husband of your wife’s sister. > > For a woman, her co-sister is the wife of her husband’s brother. > > You might hear of some common ”double adjectives” > > I enjoy ‘hot hot’ coffee (piping/steaming hot coffee) > > Please excuse ‘small small’ mistakes (minor mistakes) > > You will often hear the word “no” at the end of a sentence that asks a > question. > > I told you, no? (I told you, didn’t I?) > > Here are some puzzling words that may confuse Americans and Britishers. > > I went to see a “picture” and enjoyed it. (I went to see a movie/film and > enjoyed it) > > My “cycle” has a “puncture” (My bicycle/bike has a flat tire) > > Our bus driver was a reckless fellow with a heavy foot on the > “accelerator” (gas pedal) > > I am looking for a job and I have just prepared by “bio-data” (resume, CV) > > Do you like to eat “ladies’ fingers and brinjals”? (okra and eggplants?) > > Keep the suitcase in the “dicky” (keep the suitcase in the trunk/boot of > the car) > > GV “passed out” in 1972 from BITS Pilani.(GV graduated in 1972) > > I have to fix a new ”number plate” in my car (license plate) > > The traffic on our roads is too much. So walk only on the “footpath” > (pavement/sidewalk) > > I have a pencil but I don’t have a “rubber”. (eraser) > > What is your “good name”? (What is your name?) > > GV is a ‘pakka’ Modi “andh bhakt”. (GV is a > confirmed/inveterate/incorrigible blind follower/fan/devotee of Modi) > > I am sure others will be able to suggest many more. > > I will look forward to them. > > Q5 Are PSU (NTPC, IOCL, ONGC) employees rich? > > A5 Kuldeep Singh Executive Geophysicist at Oil and Natural Gas > Corporation Ltd. (ONGC) (2018–present)Dec 8 > > In case of ONGC.MY In hand Salary is around 1 Lac plus Bonuses and other > benefits. > > And I things it is one of the elite brackets of country. But if you rich > or not, I Will explain further. > > If you think you can buy Audi,BMW or A 2Cr Home or Regular Foreign > Holidays then you are absolutely wrong. > > You are rich in some sense but not in many others. > > MEDICAL PROSPECT- You are rich in this case. You have a medical facility > which have infinite limit without any restriction unlike others in army or > other private corporates. Being an Executive, I get single room entitlement > even in best private hospitals like I experienced Medanta the Medicity. > > Car -They give you 7.5 lakh as soft loan for car,So it means they expect > you to but a car in that range also, but generally nowadays people buy in > range of 11-15 Lakhs and that's fine and affordable. > > Home-They give soft loan of 66 Lakh for Home and if you don't have any > other income then you can buy a home of around 1 Cr Value in best case > scenario. > > Lifestyle-You can use Iphone of 50000,Laptop of 1.5 lakh ,(they also > give money for that mobile-20K, laptop-1.1 Lakh).Can wear decent clothes, > can raise you children in a school of having fees below 2 Lakh a year. Can > easily visit foreign location in span of 3–4 years. > > Savings-You can easily save half of money even if you are married. > > So basically, you can afford a lot of things that even most of Indians > can't afford but if you consider that silly BMW walls as rich then you are > not. If you buy a 50 lakh car just on salary then believe you just did a > very grave mistake. Definitely, you can lead a good prosperous life. > > Q6 Is it true that torture is an ineffective way to gain > information from a person who refuses to talk? > > A6 Mats Andersson Did military service not 200 miles from the > Soviet Union Nov 30 > > *Yes.I was thoroughly briefed on this in the Army, since it was a likely > scenario in case of war that I* would get tortured. The trouble is that > when your body believes it is about to die, it will say absolutely anything > to make it stop. > > And “absolutely anything” includes whatever it was you tried to keep > secret… and absolutely anything you can make up. If you don’t know the > answer, you will lie, because *the torturer will not accept “I don’t > know”.* > > So any information gained is practically useless. You can absolutely not > trust it, unless you are certain that, e.g., you need to know what plane > someone is on and you’ve captured whoever booked the tickets, and that they > haven’t simply forgotten. > > Witness, for instance, when the US during the second Iraq war bombed a > popular restaurant in Baghdad, since they had “absolutely certain” > information that Hussein always dined there on Tuesdays, or whatever the > story was. To anyone who had got my briefing, it was blatantly obvious that > the “information” had been obtained by torture, and someone invented the > most ridiculous lie and stuck with it, because it made them stop. You have > to be a moron to try to get useful information out of anyone that way, and an > even bigger moron to announce to the world that you are stupid enough not > only to believe it, but actually to act upon it. Of course, Hussein was > nowhere near the place. > > *My note- I caught by the word stupid which one member freely use against > me in the forum.* > > Q7 Why do hospitals in India not allow husbands in the room > while the wife is in delivery? > > A7 Rekha Rajendrakumar Medical Director at Chandana Hospital, > Bengaluru.Updated 4y > > I am an obstetrician and gynecolologist , been delivering babies since > past 27 years. > > Yes, I too get such requests by husband of the woman asking for entries > into labour room or the OT. Though, there is no hard and fast rule > regarding this issue, I generally don't allow the husband until and unless > they are medical professionals. > > The reason being, > > -they may get very scared or panicked looking at the blood flow, woman > withering in pain and we applying the forceps in some cases or cutting > the tissues and putting the stitches etc. The whole atmosphere may look > very new, challenging , different , difficult or disturbing for that person > though we are confident of our work. > > We may be arranging for caesarean section within no time, when well tried > vaginal delivery is not possible or there is sudden significant drop in > fetal heart rate etc. In such important and urgent situations, we may not > get time to talk, observe or pacify this person. *Some of them may swoon > or carry bitter experiences from our labour rooms.* > > All deliveries are not same and certain times, they are highly > unpredictable too. A smooth normal delivery is a retrospective diagnosis at > the end of journey of labour. > > That is why in many specialized places, when it is not my familiar field , > I am not allowed in, including a hotel kitchen or cockpit of aeroplane. A > board will be hanging displaying “ no entry beyond this point “. > > Why get into all this and be disturbed than, stand outside the labour > room, meanwhile writing some quora answers and then receiving a *cute > healthy baby wrapped in a pink or blue clothing from the smiling > obstetrician?* > > In fact, when I delivered about 24 and 20 years ago, my husband, a > specialist doctor , was standing outside the labour room coolly reading > all the minute things on the notice board. Neither he asked whether he > could come in nor did I ask him whether he wanted to watch the episode. > > Q8 Why do plastic bottles have no colour? > > A8 Venkateswara Swamy Swarna , former Scientist, Metallurgist, > Quality / NDT Manager at Department of Atomic Energy, India > (1967-2008)Answered 11h ago > > I think you have not seen enough plastic bottles. A good number of them > are colored. Adding color is expensive and unless needed an extra step in > manufacturing. > > Recycling of colored plastic bottles also is more difficult since you > can’t add that scrap to the plain plastic scrap. > > Q9 Why do cats’ claws fall off? > > A9 Jaimes Roe 25+ years of studying, researching, and > pondering cats Dec 13 > > First, cats have claws, not nails. Nails are flat and not pointed. Claws > are curved and pointed, and they are attached to bone. *Claws have many > nerves and blood vessels running through them. Nails do not.* > > Claws are made up of layers. *What you see is a cat shedding the outer > layer of the claw that has become worn down. There is always a new, sharper > layer underneath.* > > This is one reason why cats need to scratch things. They need to shed > those outer layers in order to keep their claws healthy and sharp. > > Older cats who aren’t as active may not shed the outer layers of their > claws, so it’s important to keep the claws trimmed so the outer layers can > shed more easily. > > But getting an older cat to let you trim their claws is difficult, so you > should always start claw trimming when they are kittens. Keeping your young > cat’s claws trimmed will also save you from getting scratched as often. > > Q10 Does putting a small load of clothes in a washing machine > damage it? > > *Q10 2 Answers- Curt Mueller Answered Feb 9* > > No, small loads will not damage a washer. Here’s the thing most of us > forget. Adjust the water level to low. Most importantly put it back to > high for the next large load. If you forget to do that, you will wash > clothes in very little water and THAT WILL damage the washer and clothes in > a top loader. > > *2nd answer-Angela Guerrero , worked at Loma* Linda University Answered > Apr 26, 2019 > > Smaller loads with less water make more sense than stuffing large loads in. > I have watched people at laundry mats stuff in so much with granular soap > and chuckled when they found it matted, slightly damp, and with the mess of > soap granules. > > Regarding smaller loads. There is no reason to worry about damaging > clothes this way. With a bit more space the clothing will get more sudsy > water and a better rinse. If you are doing multiple loads, you can combine > two washes because dryers hold more than washers. > > *All the above QA are from Quora website on 22-12- 2021. * > > *Compiled and posted by R. Gopala krishnan ,78, former AGM Telecom > Trivandrum on 23 -12-2021* > > > > -- > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups > "iyer123" group. > To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an > email to [email protected]. > To view this discussion on the web visit > https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/iyer123/12535817.557189.1640220990204%40mail.yahoo.com > <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/iyer123/12535817.557189.1640220990204%40mail.yahoo.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> > . > -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Thatha_Patty" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to [email protected]. To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/thatha_patty/CAL5XZoozgOsc_U9DXdA96WOExSnny1kJjvmDsKQzJC2cOnbt2g%40mail.gmail.com.
