Pranam Of Studies by Francis Bacon (1625)
Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgement and disposition of business. For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one, but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, comes best from those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies is sloth, to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgement wholly by their rules, is the humour of a scholar. They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning, by study; and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they are bounded in by experience. Crafty men condemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation. Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books, else distilled books are like common distilled waters, flashy things. Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he conferred little he had need to have a present wit: and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know that he doth not. Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. Studies pass into and influence manners. Nay, there is no stone or impediment in the wit but may be wrought out by fit studies: like as diseases of the body may have appropriate exercises. Bowling is good for the stone and reins; shooting for the lungs and breast; gentle walking for the stomach; riding for the head; and the like. So, if a man’s wit be wandering, let him study mathematics; for in demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again. If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study the Schoolmen: for they are cymene sectors [splitters of hairs]. If he be not apt to beat over matters, and to call up one thing to prove and illustrate another, let him study the lawyers’ cases. So, every defect of the mind may have a special receipt. (Do not correct english ; it is that of the Bacon who was then a standard KR) On Studies by Samuel Johnson It is observed by Bacon , that "reading makes a full man, conversation a ready man, and writing an exact man." As Bacon attained to degrees of knowledge scarcely ever attained by any other man, the directions which he gives for study have certainly a just claim to our regard; for who can teach an art with so great authority, as he has practised it with undisputed success? Under the protection of so great a name, I shall, therefore, venture to inculcate to my ingenious contemporaries, the necessity of reading, the fitness of consulting other understandings than their own, and of considering the sentiments and opinions of those who, however neglected in the present age, had in their own times, and many of them a long time afterwards, such reputation for knowledge and acuteness as will scarcely ever be attained by those that despise them. An opinion has of late been, I know not how, propagated among us, that libraries are filled only with useless lumber; those men of parts stand in need of no assistance; and that to spend life in poring upon books is only to imbibe prejudices, to obstruct and embarrass the powers of nature, to cultivate memory at the expense of judgment, and to bury reason under a chaos of indigested learning. Such is the talk of many who think themselves wise, and of some who are thought wise by others; of whom part probably believe their own tenets, and part may be justly suspected of endeavouring to shelter their ignorance in multitudes, and of wishing to destroy that reputation which they have no hopes to share. It will, I believe, be found invariably true, that learning was never decried by any learned man; and what credit can be given to those, who venture to condemn that which they do not know? If reason has the power ascribed to it by its advocates, if so much is to be discovered by attention and meditation, it is hard to believe, that so many millions, equally participating of the bounties of nature with ourselves, have been for ages upon ages meditating in vain: if the wits of the present time expect the regard of posterity, which will then inherit the reason which is now thought superior to instruction, surely they may allow themselves to be instructed by the reason of former generations. When, therefore, an author declares that he has been able to learn nothing from the writings of his predecessors, and such a declaration has been lately made, nothing but a degree of arrogance unpardonable in the greatest human understanding, can hinder him from perceiving that he is raising prejudices against his performance; for with what hopes of success can he attempt that in which greater abilities have hitherto miscarried? Or with what peculiar force does he suppose himself invigorated, that difficulties hitherto invincible should give way before him.Of those whom Providence has qualified to make any additions to human knowledge, the number is extremely small; and what can be added by each single mind even of this superior class, is very little: the greatest part of mankind must owe all their knowledge, and all must owe far the larger part of it, to the information of others. To understand the works of celebrated authors, to comprehend their systems, and retain their reasonings is a task more than equal to common intellects; and he is by no means to be accounted useless or idle who has stored his mind with acquired knowledge, and can detail it occasionally to others who have less leisure or weaker abilities? Perseus has justly observed that knowledge is nothing to him who is not known by others to possess it: to the scholar himself it is nothing with respect either to honour or advantage, for the world cannot reward those qualities which are concealed from it; with respect to others it is nothing, because it affords no help to ignorance or errors with justice, therefore, that in an accomplished character, Horace unites just sentiments with the power of expressing them; and he that has once accumulated learning is next to consider how he shall most widely diffuse and most agreeably impart it. A ready man is made by conversation. He that buries himself among his manuscripts serpent , as Pope expresses it, with learned dust, and wears out his days and nights in perpetual research and solitary meditation, is too apt to lose in his elocution what he adds to his wisdom, and when he comes into the world, to appear overloaded with his own notions, like a man armed with weapons which he cannot wield. He has no facility of inculcating his speculations, of adapting himself to the various degrees of intellect which the accidents of conversation will present; but will talk to most unintelligibly, and to all unpleasantly.I was once present at the lectures of a profound philosopher, a man really skilled in the science which he professed, who having occasion to explain the terms opacum and pellucidum, told us, after some hesitation, that opacum was, as one might say opaque, and that pellucidum signified pellucid. Such was the dexterity with which this learned reader facilitated to his auditors the intricacies of science; and so true is it that a man may know what he cannot teach. Boerhaave complains that the writers who have treated chemistry before him are useless to the greater part of students; because they presuppose their readers to have such degrees of skill as are not often to be found. Into the same error are all men apt to fall who have familiarised any subject to themselves in solitude: they discourse as if they thought every other man had been employed in the same inquiries; and expect that short hints and obscure allusions will produce in others the same train of ideas which they excite in themselves.Nor is this the only inconvenience which the man of study suffers from a recluse life. When he meets with an opinion that pleases him, he catches it u with eagerness; looks only after such arguments as tend to his confirmation; or spares himself the trouble of discussion, and adopts it with very little proof; indulges it long without suspicion, and in time unites it to the general body of his knowledge, and treasures it up among incontestable truths: but when he comes into the world among men who, arguing upon dissimilar principles, have been led to different conclusions, and being placed in various situations view the same object on many sides, he finds his darling position attacked, and himself in no condition to defend it: having thought always in one train, he is in the state of a man who having fenced with the same master, is perplexed and amazed by a new posture of his antagonist; he is entangled in unexpected difficulties, he is hara ssed by sudden objections, he is unprovided with solutions or replies; his surprise impedes his natural powers of reasoning, his thoughts are scattered and confounded, and he gratifies the pride of airy petulance with an easy victory. It is difficult to imagine with what obstinacy truths which one mind perceives almost by intuition will be rejected by another; and how many artifices must be practised to procure admission for the mo st evident propositions into understandings frighted by their novelty, or hardened against them by accidental prejudice; it can scarcely be conceived how frequently in these extemporaneous controversies the dull will be subtle, and the acute absurd; how often stupidity will elude the force of argument, by involving itself in its own gloom; and mistaken ingenuity will weave artful fallacies, which reason can scarcely find means to disentangle.In these encounters the learning of the recluse usually fails him: nothing but long habit and frequent experiments can confer the power of changing a position into various forms, presenting it in different points of view, connecting it with known and granted truths, fortifying it with intelligible arguments, and illustrating it by apt similitudes; and he, therefore, that has collected his knowledge in solitude, must learn its application by mixing with mankind.But while the various opportunities of conversation invite us to try every mode of a argument, and every art of recommending our sentiments, we are frequently betrayed to the use of such as are not in themselves strictly defensible: a man heated in talk, and eager of victory, takes advantage of the mistakes or ignorance of his adversary, lays hold of concessions to which he knows he has no right, and urges proofs likely to prevail on his opponent, though he knows himself that they have no force: thus the severity of reason is relaxed, many topics are accumulated, but without just arrangement or distinction; we learn to satisfy ourselves with such ratiocination as silences others; and seldom recall to a close examination that discourse which has gratified our vanity with victory and applause. Some caution, therefore, must be used, lest copiousness and facility be made less valuable by inaccuracy and confusion. To fix the thoughts by writing, and subject them to frequent examinations and reviews, is the best method of enabling the mind to detect its own sophisms, and keep it on guard against the fallacies which it practises on others: in conversation we naturally diffuse our thoughts, and in writing we contract them; method is the excellence of writing, and unconstrained the grace of conversation. O read, write, and converse in due proportions is, therefore, the business of a man of letters. For all these there is not often equal opportunity; excellence, therefore, is not often attainable: and most men fail in one or other of the ends proposed, and are full without readiness, or ready without exactness. Some deficiency must be forgiven all, because all are men; and more must be allowed to pass uncensored in the greater part of the world, because none can confer upon himself abilities, and few have the choice of situations proper for the improvement of those which nature has bestowed: it is, however, reasonable, to have perfection in our eye; that we may always advance towards it, though we know it never can be reached. KR IRS Inspired from the books 12122 On Wed, 12 Jan 2022 at 09:11, 'gopala krishnan' via iyer123 < [email protected]> wrote: > *CULTURAL QA 01-2022-12* > > *BEING A COMPILATION THERE MAY BE ERRORS* > > *Q1 If a hybrid leopard and tiger can mate and produce hybrids, > why can't the great apes and human beings do the same?* > > A1 Claire Jordan Degree in biology and folklore; programmer, > shop owner, secretary on newspaper 23h > > Because lions, tigers, leopards, snow leopards and jaguars are *much more > closely related to each other than humans are to other surviving great > apes.* Modern humans were able to hybridise with now-extinct other > members of genus Homo, but *we split from the other great apes just too > long ago.* > > We can’t hybridise with them, and a lion can’t hybridise with a cheetah or > a puma. > > *Q2 How does chemotherapy know which is a cancer cell?* > > A2 Franklin Veaux part-time mad scientist12h > > It doesn’t. > > *A drug has no concept of “cancer cell” or “normal cell.”* Generally > speaking, hand waving over details, *chemotherapy drugs kill cells that > are in the process of dividing, by disrupting the process of cell* > *division*. They don’t care what kind of cell it is. They don’t know if > the cell is healthy or cancerous. *They interfere with cell division and > kill dividing cells.* > > Cancer cells divide like crazy without stopping. Unrestrained division is > pretty much the definition of cancer. Normal cells usually don’t divide, or > if they do, they do so slowly. > > There are exceptions. Blood stem cells in bone marrow divide frequently… > > …and chemotherapy drugs often cause anemia and immune suppression. > > *Hair follicles work by dividing rapidly……and chemotherapy drugs often > cause hair loss.* > > The cells in the lining of the stomach and intestines divide rapidly……and > chemotherapy > drugs often cause vomiting and diarrhea. > > Chemotherapy drugs don’t kill cancer cells, they kill rapidly-dividing > cells. > > *Q3 Does drinking lemon juice in the morning on an empty stomach > help in reducing belly fat?* > > A3 Lucia Garcia Worked at Hospitals Fri > > Drinking lemon juice on an empty stomach in the morning has the effect of > losing weight, but it does not ensure that only belly fat is reduced. > > The "lemon weight loss method" is related to the Nobel Prize. > > Lemon juice is rich in citric acid. *Citric acid is an important compound > in the process of converting fats, proteins and sugars into carbon dioxide.* > > British-German biochemist Hans-Adolf Krebs discovered this scientific > evidence, for which Krebs won the 1953 Nobel Prize in Physiology or > Medicine. > > Lemon juice is very low in calories, only 14 calories in 100 grams, and > its fat content is almost negligible. > > *Drinking a glass of lemon juice on an empty stomach in the morning can > inhibit fat synthesis,* promote the decomposition of fat and decrease > body weight. > > Fresh lemon juice is acidic, with a PH value of about 2.5, so people with > hyperacidity and gastric ulcers should not drink lemon juice on an empty > stomach. > > *Q4 Where is the location of colors change in Shiva Lingam?* > > A4 Vinod Kumar Teaching S.St, GK, preparing NTSE aspirants > (1999–present)Fri > > > > Thirunallur Panchawaneswarar Shiva Temple. (Kalyana Sundareshwarar), Near > Kumbakonam. > > *Unique Shiva lingam.* > > Tamil Nadu is always filled with Tons of Hidden Treasures & Secrets. This > is one of it. *Have anyone seen a Linga Changing colours on its own ?* > Yes it happens here. This Linga changes 5 colour in one day. Those colours > are *copper, pink, golden, emerald green* this happens as per timing and > after 6 PM he will change colour as per his wish. Lord has granted his feet > darshan to Saint. > > The original masonry structure was built during the Chola dynasty in the > 9th century, while later expansions are attributed to Vijayanagar rulers of > the Sangama Dynasty (1336–1485 CE), the Saluva Dynasty and the Tuluva > Dynasty (1491–1570 CE). The temple has six daily rituals at various times > from 5:30 a.m. to 10 p.m., and twelve yearly festivals on its calendar. > > *Q5 Do head lice eat human hair or scalp?* > > A5 Ken SaladinPh.D. in Parasitology, Florida State University > (Graduated 1977)Jan 2 > > No, they are blood suckers. They have piercing mouthparts adapted for > that, and cannot chew on things like skin and hair. > > There is another large group of lice called chewing lice, but none of > those live on humans. Birds are infested with a lot of chewing lice, > which chew up the feathers, sometimes denuding birds in extreme cases, > and sometimes cause substantial economic losses in the poultry industry. > Bird nests are heavily infested with chewing lice. > > *Sucking lice like human head, clothing, and pubic* lice compose the > superfamily Anoplura. Chewing lice compose the section Mallophaga. > > *Q6 Are books still important in today’s modern world?* > > A6 Dushyant Swami MBA from International School of Business and > Media (Graduated 2010)17m > > *Yes!The interesting fact is that books are the only thing that has no > effect of orthodox or current or* modern world! Everything has it’s own > era and everything will have too! > > But the books were the same thousands of years ago, a hundred years ago, > are same today and will remain the same effective for always! > > *I might give this much to it that it might change some form! Like E-Book > today! Still is a book!!* > > *Q7 Do you laminate your certificates?* > > A7 Gopala Krishnan , former Assistant General Manager 1996-2004 > at Department of Telecom (1966-2004)Answered just now > > My BSc. degree certificate issued in 1964 from Kerala University was in thick > white paper slightly waxed. My son got his Engineering degree certificate > laminated in 1992 from Madras University. *For getting some attestations > from University, embassy etc it was a herculean task to get the lamination > removed at back side*. An expert staff with care removed the lamination > bit by bit in the agency office where it was given for processing. > > *Q8 How did humans figure out what plants were edible and what > were not?* > > A8 Christopher Stanton Former Chef and Catering Operations > Manager Sat > > *They watched which animals didn’t die after eating whatever was in bloom > during that season*. Sweet merciful crap! This desert tortoise is able to > eat these cactus paddles and fruit without harm. Maybe we should give > nopales and tunas a taste. > > *Ancient hunter-gatherer societies absorbed more knowledge from their > environs* than most people will admit. > > *Q9 Is eating raw leafy vegetables healthy?* > > A9 Lucia Garcia Worked at Hospitals Dec 15 > > Not all leafy vegetables are suitable for eating raw. *Leafy vegetables > that can be eaten raw include lettuce, cabbage, spinach, leeks, cilantro, > celery, spinach and so on.* > > Leafy vegetables are rich in vitamins and minerals, some vitamins will be > lost during the cooking process. > > For example, if heated for 20 minutes to 30 minutes, vitamin C will lose > more than 60%. > > Vitamin C is a natural antioxidant. It has anti-oxidant, > anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antiviral effects, which is very > important for health. > > *Eating raw leafy vegetables can maximize the absorption of the > nutritional value of vegetables.* > > In addition, raw leafy vegetables contain nutrients such as beta carotene, > lignin, volatile oil, enzymes, etc. These nutrients are absorbed by the > body, can significantly increase the vitality of macrophages, strengthen > the immune system, and avoid the risk of various diseases. > > My note- I read elsewhere Malayalam actor Mammotty eat more raw > vegetables > > *Q10 What is ‘South India’ according to North Indians?* > > A10 Ajit Kurup Have travelled across India Mon > > South is the feet of Bharat, all Indians must touch once. > > I have lived 2 decades each in both parts of the nation. I have also > criss-crossed across all major cities cities of India. India is like no > other. The chaos, the charm, the diversity, the uniqueness, the > profoundness- just everything. > > *So, to North Indians, South India in one line is* educated, intelligent, > cultured, more developed, with ample natural resources. > > Educated like Kerala > > Has great culture like Tamil Nadu and Karnataka > > Has tech supremacy with cities like Bangalore, Hyderabad and Chennai > > Has great vegetarian food and not behind on non vegetarian too. > > Has offerings of fantastic geo-tagged products to the world like the > Kanchipuram silk, Aranmula Mirror, Tirupati ladoo, Coimbatore Wet Grinder, > Palakkadan Matta Rice and Thanjavur jewelry > > North Indians also admire: Backwaters of Kerala > > Ancient temples of Tamil Nadu Mysore Silk, Sandalwood and Chanapatna > Toys of Karnataka Largest film city in the world in Telengana Amazing > hanging pillar temple, in Andhra. > > They see pilgrimage centre's of immense value in: Velliangiri Hills > Sabarimala Tirumala > > Some of the most amazing energy centres: > > Chidambaram, Five elements temples, Dhyanalinga, Padmanabhaswamy > Kshethram, Guruvayur, the all women managed Linga Bhairavi temple, > Vadakkunathan, Hampi, Madurai, Rameshwaram, Ranganatha, Venkateshwara and > so many many more. > > Food > > I am not going into listing food as it will take me a few pages to write > about the food in one district of on state in South. That is Kozhikode in > Kerala. So you can imagine how long an answer it would be to write down how > much anyone in the world would love to eat in South India. > > Having said this, there's an element of error in answering to this > question. > > The error is in the generalization. > > *First of all who is a North Indian? According to* people living in > Kerala, TN, Andhra, Telengana and Karnataka a North Indian is anyone who > speaks Hindi that includes Maharashtra, Orissa, UP, Bihar, Delhi, Gujarat, > MP, Rajasthan, Punjab and others. > > So, as you see, anyone who is not from the southern 5 states is a North > Indian. > > In geographical terms Kashmiris are true North Indians followed by > Punjabis, people from UP, Himachal, parts of Rajasthan. > > *Ok then, what is South India?* > > Kerala and Tamil Nadu are definitely South. Major parts of Andhra, > Telegana and Karnataka are also geographically and liguistically South. > > So as you see this is all a bit too vague. > > But that's the beauty of India. The states have been formed basis > languages, but cultures clearly overlap. > > One thing we can be sure of is that, South is blessed with seas as a > boundary, mountain ranges as shields, rivers to nurture, backwaters as > ornaments, education as a weapon, devotion as juice of life, greenery for > health, and above all an amazingly welcoming inclusive culture for making > life here wonderful. > > *All the above QA are from Quora website on 11-01- 2022. * > > *Compiled and posted by R. Gopala krishnan ,78, former ITS on 12-01-2022* > > > > -- > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups > "iyer123" group. > To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an > email to [email protected]. > To view this discussion on the web visit > https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/iyer123/2061809156.2966047.1641958856667%40mail.yahoo.com > <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/iyer123/2061809156.2966047.1641958856667%40mail.yahoo.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> > . > -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Thatha_Patty" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to [email protected]. To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/thatha_patty/CAL5XZop1T5JRaUFv94RjrwFh1o86t7fP4UD1zFceH3de3wDShw%40mail.gmail.com.
