CULTURAL QA 02-2022-07 BEING A COMPILATION THERE MAY BE ERRORS
Q1 What would be the correct order to learn how senses,vision, hearing, the brain, and all that works? A1 Ken Saladin Author,Anatomy & Physiology—The Unity of Form and Function23h I have to deal with that issue in textbook writing—the best order inwhich to learn these. I’ll explain the order I take in this book. First you have to understandneurons; nothing much can beunderstood about the brain and senses if you don’t know how nerve cells work.All of us textbook authors agree on that, but then we go different routes. My own approach is to go nextto the spinal cord and itsassociated spinal nerves. With regard to your question, all of the senses below the headdepend on spinal cord functions, including reflexes and sensorypathways to the brain. There can be little understanding of touch, pain, andmany other senses without knowing spinal cord anatomy and function. But I alsotreat spinal cord at this point because it’s easier than the brain tounderstand, do this helps to ease the students into the subject a little betterthan if I just jump right to the brain and all its complexity. Then I go to brain and cranialnerves, and that includescoverage of regions of the brain that process each of the main senses. After aslight digression to the autonomic nervous system, then I have a chapter on thesenses. Now the studentis prepare to understand not only how the sense organs work in themselvesto create coded messages to the brain, but what parts of the brain process theinput from each of the senses. I start with relatively simple senses—touch, heat, cold, pressure,vibration, tickle, itch, muscle stretch, then deal more extensively with pain(3.5 pages) than any of these others, since it’s the leading cause of visits todoctors and of concern for healthcare workers like nurses. Next I do the chemicalsenses—taste and smell—because they’re simpler than what follows, easier and briefer to explain (5.5 pages). Finally, I endup with hearing, equilibrium, and vision (30.5 pages), and an end-of-chapter essay on the history ofanesthesia. Even if you embark on self-directed study of senses from simpler booksalong such lines as these, that’s an order I would recommend: neurons > spinal cord and spinal nerves > brain and cranial nerves> simple senses (touch, pain, etc.) > intermediate senses (taste, smell)> complex senses (hearing, equilibrium, vision). Q2 What is the pleasure or fun available in Swarga (heaven)according to Vedas and Puranas? Why do so many Hindus aspire to go to Swargas? A2 Rami Sivan HinduPriest, Yoga-Vedanta teacher, registered nurse.8h Only two pleasures - watchingdance performances by the Apsaras and listening to Classical Music concerts bythe Gandharvas. Hindus don’t generally aspire to go to swarga because these two pleasuresare available here on earth on Youtube. What most Hindus aspire for isa better rebirth here on earth and eventually Mokṣa -Liberation from the cycle of birth and death. Q3 Why does our lower jaw consist of a single bone? A3 Ken Saladin Textbookauthor and professor emeritus Jan 31 It’s actually two bones atbirth; they later fuse at the apex of the chin to becomeone. This provides themandible with a stronger bite force than if it remained, like snakemandibles, two separate bones. Snakes need that arrangement to swallow preybigger than their heads. We don’t; we chew our food to bits, so we need astronger, unitary mandible. Q4 Since progressive scientists insist that humans are allthe same race, then what is the difference between "race" and"species"? Do progressive scientists conflate the terms"race" and "species" intentionally? A4 Claire Jordan Degreein biology and folklore; programmer, shop owner, secretary on newspaper21h A species is a population which is distinctly different from other. closely-related populations and cannot interbreedwith them (or not without a marked loss of fertility), or in some cases couldpotentially interbreed but doesn’t, due to some behavioural difference orextreme geographical isolation. All current human groups thatwe know about are able to interbreed freely and have fully fertile offspring, and will do so freely given theopportunity, so we’re all one species. “Race” is an extraordinarilyloose term which just means “a group with something in common”, which is why we speak of “the human race” and “theMacdonalds are a proud race”, and so on. In the 19th C, some scientiststried to divide humans into four grouos, Caucasoid, Mongoloid, Australoid andNegroid. In fact, there’s nosuch thing as Negroid - what 19th C white scientists thought of as a typicalAfrican type was just an Angolan type, because that was where most slaves camefrom. There are actually dozens of very distinct, genetically separate groupsin Africa. Over hundreds ofthousands of years, groups of migrants from Africa set out and colonised therest of the world, where some of them later evolved into Neanderthals, Denisovansand some other related groups. We consider these to be separatespecies because although they could interbreed with modern man, they did sowith reduced fertility. About 60,000 years ago a smallgroup of modern man, Homo sapiens, set out from Africa, spread out, split intothe three groups that gave rise to the broad categories that loosely correspondwith the Victorian ideas of Caucasoid, Mongoloid and Australoid, and interbred with local groups of Neanderthals,Denisovans and a couple of similar groups we haven’t named yet. Because most oftheir genes come from that small group of migrants, a Korean is more closelyrelated to a Norwegian than the different ethnic types within Africa arerelated to each other. So, race in the sense in whichracists think of it doesn’t exist - there’s definitely no such thing as a “black race”, unless you’re going to say there aredozens of black races. Meanwhile, white people are just a pale group within thebroad Caucasoid category, most of whose members are brown. What we loosely think of ashuman races - broadcategories of ethnic types - are what in another species we would call ecotypesor localities. That’s a group who come (at least originally) from a particulararea and in whom particular gene variants are noticeably more or less commonthan the average. It’s one step below a sub-species and a couple of steps abovea family face. They differ from each other about as much as breeds of horsediffer from each other (but nothing like as much as breeds of dog) - moderate average differences insize, build, colouring, hair-type and the profile of the nose and jaw. Q5 What are the best habits in the night? A5 Sanjana Garg IndianInstitute of Management, Indore Jan 29 Always brushing your teeth. Drink a warm glass of water 5–10 minutes before sleeping. You could even keep a water bottlenear you. Switching off yourphone/ laptops/ any digital devices 1 hour before sleeping. Wishing good night to your family. Pack your things and bag, for thenext day. It really helps mebe relaxed instead of rushing for things at the last minute. Taking out, your clothes for the next day.So that you ensure they are clean, ironed and yah its easier to choose when youare not in a hurry. Reading 1–2 chapter of a book. Making a to-dolist. Follow a night time skin regime.Also people having long hair should tie it before sleeping. Reflection, quiet and meditation. Q6 How did Shani Dev become so powerful that even Lord Ram,Lord Hanuman, Lord Shiva, and many other Hindu gods suffered because of him? A6 Vishnu Kumar IAM ThatIAMThu Alright, the stories aboutShanideva using his powers and making other divinities suffer are fake, made upconcoctions and to be ignored in entirety. Shanideva is a benevolent deitywho blesses his devotees and guides them towards the path of truth andrighteousness. So thatis the answer. Q7 What civil engineering back office/outsourcing in Indiaexists? A7 GopalkrishnaVishwanath True Indian, who feels at home anywhere in India. Fri There must be hundreds of them all over the country.I myself set one up and ran it for afew years before I sold the company and retired in 2011. Mine was a very small setup and I had between 10 and 15 engineers workingfor me during the first decade of this century. I used to do Structural designand detailing of steel structures for American clients using 3D modeling software (Tekla) and 2D drawingsusing AutoCad. I used StaadPro for analysis and my own in-house developedsoftware for connection design. The company is in new hands nowand it has grown to over 150 people and has offices in a few cities including abroad, and it also hasISO 9001 certification. They have invested massively in manpower, hardware andsoftware and their clientele is much larger and their turnover is several timesmy small turnover during the first decade of this century. Q8 How were Roman aqueducts water tight if they had nomortar? A8 Ciro Pabon Specialistin Highway Engineering & Soil Mechanics, Universidad Del Cauca (Graduated1986)Updated Feb 1 Well, take as an example the Roman Segovia aqueduct, which has an duct on top madeoriginally of granite, without mortar. View of the aqueduct from the Plaza in Segovia, there is no mortar at allin the structural members However, there have been a variety of solutions on top of the archesalong millennia, where aqueduct water runs The stones are fitted closelyat the top but they, of course, in time, allow water to seep more, because the water freezes and pushes the stones,so it leaks. Simple. Frozen seeped water from the book on the restoration made in 1963 byAurelio Ramiro, 1973 Incredible as it seems, this aqueduct was working since approximately theyear 200 AD until 1960, serving the city with small interruptions until a moremodern aqueduct was built in that decade of the 60’s. Then, after a pause of 40 years, it was restored in a meticulous workthat took seven years from 1993 to 2000 and water flowed again. Aerial image of Segovia aqueduct taken around 1995 during restoration This aqueduct feeds the Alcázar de Segovia, which was a Roman castrum(castle) and in its present form was started to build on top of the Roman ruinsin the 12th century, in the year 1122. The aqueduct was built between100 and 200 AD approximately to feed water to the Roman castrum. Water still comes to the Alcázar, one of the most visited monuments inSpain. If you ask me, this is one of the most beautiful castles in the world,not only for its immemorial history but for personal reasons. I was seven or eight years old when I went to Segovia to visit the castlein the wedding of a cousin, and, understandably I was literally enchanted bythe castle and the aqueduct and, in my mind, if there is a fantastic palacemade of legend, this is the one. I apologize profusely for the mentioning this personal take, I just wantto evoke the magic of this place once again, sorry. In the following image you can see the “Sala de armas” or “Armoury Room”of the Alcázar of Segovia. The ashlars you see were made in Roman times. I was fascinated by the armor of Felipe II made for him when he was 8years old that weighed 20 kg. I definitely could not carry that armour when I saw it for the firsttime, also when I was 8 years old. Q9 Do pilots actually use all the buttons in the cockpit? A9 Andrew McGregor Flownseveral types of light aircraft. Jan 31 Some of them only rarely, inemergencies or because they activate a feature you don’t need often. Maintenance people use those occasionally when testingthat they still work. But every single one is therefor a reason. Andpilots have to know what that reason is, and what to do in what order to makeit happen.Many of the ones a pilot might use for real only once in their careerwill save the lives of everyone on board that one time. Q10 Is it a myth that Latin is a dead language? A10 Susanna Viljanen Worksat Aalto University Jan 25 Yes and no. Classical Latin is no more anyone’s mother tongue,but there is an unbroken linguistic continuum from Classical Latin via sermovulgaris into modern Romance languages. You might say Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese andall other Romance languages are Modern Latin - as they are mutuallycomprehensible to certain degree. I would say Latin is an un-dead language - not living but, not quite deadeither. My note- If some one’s use of Englishis not understandable often it is commented as “ Greak andLatin” for him. All the above QA are from Quora website on 06-02- 2022. Compiled and posted by R. Gopala krishnan on 07-02-2022 -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Thatha_Patty" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to [email protected]. To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/thatha_patty/1850796070.271783.1644190494445%40mail.yahoo.com.
