Pranam Q3 Chandas or the metre 1 Chandas (छन्दस्).—The metre i.e. *chandas* is mandatory for versified poetry. It is said that which is set in metres is called *padya*. The word *chandas* has been derived from several roots and therefore, it bears so many meanings in general. However, almost all the scholars have unanimously agreed with two roots—i) *chand* (to cover) and ii) *chad* (to please) as responsible for the formation of the word *chandas*. In Vedic literature also, the word *chandas* is found to have been used in various senses. The *chandas* are said to be the feet of the Vedapuruṣa. Even, the grammarian like Pāṇini employed this word as a synonym to the Vedas.
2 There are seven Vedic metres viz. Gāyatrῑ, Uṣṇik, Anuṣṭubh, Vṛhatῑ, Paṅkti, Triṣṭubh and Jagatῑ. The metre Gāyatrῑ consists of twenty four syllables and the other six metres starting from Uṣṇik to Jagatῑ have an increase of four syllables respectively. 3) Chandas (छन्दस्) in the Rigveda usually denote a song of praise ’ or hymn.’ The original sense of the word, as derived from the verb chand, 'to please,’ was probably an attractive spell,’magic hymn,' which prevailed on the gods. In a very late hymn of the Rigveda, as well as in one of the Atharvaveda, the word is mentioned in the plural (*chandāmsi*), beside Ṛc ( *ṛcah*), Sāman (*sāmāni*), and Yajus, and seems to retain its original meaning, not improbably with reference to the magical subject-matter of the Atharvaveda. From denoting a (metrical) hymn it comes to mean metre ’ in a very late verse of the Rigveda, in which the Gāyatrī, the Tristubh, and all (*sarvā*) the metres (*chandāmsi*) are mentioned. In the later Samhitās three or seven metres are enumerated, and in the śatapatha Brāhmana eight. By the time of the Rigveda Prātiśākhya the metres were subjected to a detailed examination, though much earlier references are found to the number of syllables in the several metres. Later the word definitely denotes a Vedic text generally, as in the śatapatha Brāhmana. 4. Chandas occurs in one passage of the Atharvaveda in the adjectival compound bṛhac-chandas, which is used of a house, and must mean ‘having a large roof.’ Bloomfield accepts the reading as correct, but Whitney considers amendment to Chadis necessary. ( this is heshyam and not based on any logic KR) 5 The twenty-six classes of *chandas* are: 1. Uktā (one syllable), Atyuktā (two syllables), Madhyā (three yllables), 4 Pratiṣṭhā (four syllables),Supratiṣṭhā (five syllables), 6 Gāyatrī (six syllables), Uṣṇik (seven syllables), Anuṣṭup (eight syllables), 9 Bṛhatī (nine syllables), Paṅkti (ten syllables),Triṣṭup (eleven syllables), 12 Jagatī (twelve syllables), Atijagatī (thirteen syllables),14 Śakkarī (twelve syllables), Atiśakkarī (fifteen syllables), 16 Aṣṭi (sixteen syllables), Atyaṣṭi (seventeen syllables), 18 Dhṛti (eighteen syllables), Atidhṛti (nineteen syllables), 20 Kṛti (twenty syllables), 21 Prakṛti (twenty-one syllables), 22 Ākṛtī (twenty-two syllables),23 Vikṛti (twenty-three syllables), 24 Saṃkṛti (twenty-four syllables),25 Atikṛti (twenty-five syllables), 26 Utkṛti (twenty-six syllables). 6 The word *chandas* has been mentioned 112 times in the Aṣṭādhyāyī of Pāṇini in that sense. Kātyāyana <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/katyayana#hinduism>, in his *vārttika <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/varttika#hinduism>* and Patañjali <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/patanjali#hinduism> in his Mahā <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/maha#hinduism>.employed this word in the same sense. In the Prātiśākhyas <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/pratishakhya#hinduism> also, the word has been employed in the sense of the Vedas. Sāyanācārya also used the word *chandas* in aforesaid meaning. Again, Yāska <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/yaska#hinduism> defined *chandas* in his Nirukta <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/nirukta#natyashastra> (ch.VII. 3) as *chandāṃsi <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/chandamsi#hinduism> chādanāt*. Anundoram Borooah[4] <https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/essay/the-backdrop-of-the-srikanthacarita-and-the-mankhakosa/d/doc370572.html#note-e-138000> used the word ‘rhythm’ as synonymous to the word *vṛtta <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/vritta#natyashastra>*. 7 A verse in Sanskrit is of four feet or quarters or pādas <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/pada#natyashastra>. Each *pāda <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/pada#natyashastra>* is regulated either by a number of syllables (akṣaras <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/akshara#natyashastra>) or by a number of syllabic instant or measures (mātrās <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/matra#natyashastra>).The metres regulated by akṣaras are called vṛttas <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/vritta#natyashastra> and those regulated by mātrās are called jātis <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/jati#natyashastra>. A *vṛtta* is divided into three classes viz. *samavṛtta <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/samavritta#natyashastra>, ardhasamavṛtta <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/ardhasamavritta#natyashastra>*, and *viṣamavṛtta <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/vishamavritta#natyashastra>*. Again, *yati <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/yati#natyashastra>* or pause or caesura is a part of a verse, at which the reader is required to stop his breath and then proceed on. Again, a syllable is short or long i.e. *hrasva <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/hrasva#natyashastra>* or *dīrgha* according to its vowel is short or long. But short vowel becomes long in prosody, when it is followed by *anusvāra <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/anusvara#hinduism>*, *visarga* <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/visarga#natyashastra> or by a conjunct consonant. The last syllable of a *pāda* is optionally long or short according to the exigence of the metre, whatever be its natural length. Three successive syllables form a *gaṇa <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/gana#natyashastra>* (triad). 8 The above is the true nature of metres; and so it cannot be made understood in 4 lines. At least I had seen 7 books on prosody@ chandas @ metres of creating and reciting Sanskrit verses; a similar grammatical construction exists in Tamil verses also. KR IRS 6322 On Sun, 6 Mar 2022 at 00:25, 'venkat giri' via iyer123 < [email protected]> wrote: > *Respected Sir/s,* > > *Q1 Is it correct Neivedyams to Venkiteswara at Tirupathi are made in mud > pots only?* > *TYPES OF “NAIVEDYAM” OFFERED TO LORD* > * There is a Story behind this.* > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > * There was a great devotee of Lord Venkateshwara by the name > ‘Thondaman’ who was also serving society in the role of the king > ‘Chakravarthi’…He was more popularly referred to as Thondaman > Chakravarthi.. Such was the King’s devotion towards Lord > Srinivasa,that he would daily, very lovingly offer Suvarna Tulasi Dala > Archana unto the Lotus Feet of the Divine Lord…He would offer unto the > Lord, offerings of Tulasi leaves and manjaris…Carved in gold…Being a > devout devotee of great love to the Lord ;Thondaman Chakravarthi > considered his service to be of utmost importance.However, as is the case > with all living entities,he also had ego. The ego of being the greatest > devotee of the Lord as he offered the Lord ,Golden Tulasi…Since the Lord > would speak to His devotees, Thondaman even expressed himself before the > Lord as follows,“O Supreme Lord! O Unequalled lover of His Devotees! Am > happy that I offer unto Your Lotus Feet, Suvarna Tulasi…Is there another > equal devotee of Your Lordship than myself! I surely am the greatest for > the offerings I make to You daily.”The merciful Lord, wanted to reveal the > glories of pure untainted devotional love towards Him, with a very > enchanting smile on His lips answered to Thondaman as thus.“Dear > Thondaman.I am indeed pleased by your offerings…However,my greatest devotee > happens to be a potter in your Kingdom…His name is Bheema…You should go and > meet him.” All this conversation was happening while the > King was doing his seva to the Lord. The King had been planning to meet > the potter Bheema the following day. However while perdorming seva to the > Lord, he noticed that under the Suvarna Tulasi Dalam that he had offered > to Lord Srinivasa ,there was was also a tulasi Dala made of clay. > Lord revealed to Thondaman that this was the invaluable offerings made > to Him by Bheema,the potter…The king then understood that the Lord has > indeed spoken of his great devotee. King > Thondaimaan went on a journey to meet BHIMA.Fatigued due to travelling such > a long distance under the scorching sun,the king,Thondaman,fainted in the > vicinity of the residence of the potter. After regaining consciousness, the > king realized that has the potter helped him out. The King then inquired > of Bheema,”O dear one! What do you do? Indeed you must be performing > greatest deeds that the Lord Himself mentioned your name as HIS best > devotee”. On hearing the King’s wordsthe humble devotee > humbly replied, “O King, what great do I do? Whenever I start making pots > I thank Lord Srinivasa for being merciful to me, blessing me with the > ability to make pots…Its only by His grace that I am able to make some > money for running the household by selling those pots… > As a gratitude, I mould clay into tulasi leaves and offer it to His > deity carved in wood…Whatever I do,I start it by chanting His name as > ‘Govindaaa’…That’s all I do,O King” The King then > realized his fault. He had always considered himself as the doer whereas > the potter Bheema always considered the Lord as the doer and himself as the > just an executor of the Lord’s will. The potter Bheema > used to prepare a small KADAI of clay and in it offerEed to the Lord, > whatever meals he prepared for himself…Only the remnants of such offerings > would he partake…This unpolluted devotion of Bheema pleased the Lord so > greatly that the Lord accompanied by His eternal Consorts,Sri Devi > and BhooDevi descended in His Divine Aircraft, before Bheema’s thatched > hut. Seeing His loving devotee,the Lord, ran towards Bheema and > embraced him warmly. He blessed Bheema with His own ornaments and His > Consorts blessed Bheema’s wife with Their own ornaments. The Lord ordered > His Carrier, Garuda to carry His dear devotee to Vaikuntha in the very same > body.From then onwards, the Lord is offered a rice preparation made in curd > and served in a clay pot. This is the only offering that is taken inside > the main Sanctum Sanctorum, directly as NAIVEDYAM to the Lord. This clay > pot is changed everyday with a new one. Q2 Do we have a temple for sage > Yanjya valkya in Chennai? Located at No 28, Perumal Koil Street, Old > Pallavaram, Chennai - 600117. I had visited this temple few years back.---* > *Regards* > *V.Sridharan* > *Trichy* > > On Saturday, 5 March, 2022, 10:20:24 pm IST, 'gopala krishnan' via iyer123 > <[email protected]> wrote: > > > QUES ANSW DIVINE 03-2022-05 > > Dear friends, > > These are information compiled as QA by me in 1998’s-2004’s and stored in > my computer. They are posted by *very learnt members*. > > *BEING COMPILATION THERE MAY BE ERRORS.* > > Sincerely, > > *R. Gopalakrishnan, 78, dated 05-03-2022* > > Q1 Is it correct Neivedyams to Venkiteswara at Tirupathi are made in mud > pots only? > > A1 Yes The Naivedyams offered to Lord Venkateswara are prepared > only in mud pots, ever since that day. > > Q2 Do we have a temple for sage Yanjya valkya in Chennai? > > A2 Yes. Many people in Chennai City and elsewhere may not be aware of the > fact that there is a beautiful Temple for ‘Yogeeswara Yajnavalkya’ in > Pallavaram, Chennai. . > > He is intimately connected with the Vedic King *Janaka of Mithila* and > father of Goddess Sita. The quintessence of the teachings of Yogishwara, > Yajnavalkya is found in the immortal Satapatha Brahmana Yajnavalkya > Smriti, an embodiment of legal tenets, is a fundamental source of the Hindu > Law. > > Episodes connected with Yajnavalkya are scattered in the Satapatha > Brahmana including Brihadaranyaka Upanishad. > > There are two Sakhas now prevalent in the Shukla Yajur Veda. Madhyandina > Sakha is very popular in the northern parts of India. Kanva Sakha is > the second Sakha which is popular in different parts of South India. *All > the people belonging to Shukla Yajur Veda follow Katyayana Sutra. * > > Q3 What is the metre in which smrities are written? > > A3 The Smritis are created normally in Anushtup metre (verse of 32 > letters) but some Smritis are also written in prose. Keeping in mind the > weak memory of a man its language has been kept simple and > natural.recollect Gayathri is in Anushtup chandus in Sandhya vandana > > Q4 Who were the most prominent wives of Krishna? > > A4 Continuing with the divine tales of Sri Krishna, Lord Mahadeva told > Parvati--Sri > Krishna had 16 thousand queens among whom Satyabhama, Kalindi, > Mitravinda, etc. were prominent. > > My note- Rukmini might be the most prominent > > Q5 What are the special attributes of Ganga? > > A5 , Most of the holy cities of India are located on the banks of the > Ganga. These are Rishikesh, Haridwar, Varanasi (Benares), Allahabad etc. > > Those who die within the specified limits of the Ganga go to the heavenly > world. If after cremation the ashes are thrown into the Ganga, the same > purpose is served. > > No Hindu would dare speak a falsehood with the Ganga water (Ganga-jal) in > his hand. > > Q6 Why Ganga is divided in to three parts? > > A6 The Goddess came down on earth in a rush, her impact being mitigated by > being caught in Shiva's matted hair. She was led to the nether regions by > Bhagirath. Hence the Ganga is divided into three parts. One part which > remained in the heavens was called Mandakini. The part that came down to > earth is known as Ganga, and the part flowing in the nether region is > called the Bhagirathi > > Q7 We know King Bhageeratha prayed for brining Ganga down to the earth for > doing tharpan to release his ancestors. Do Bhageeratha only prayed to > bring Ganga? > > A7 No. Sagar, a king of Ayodhya, had no children. On doing a long penance > he was promised, and got, sixty thousand sons. He then decided to perform a > horse sacrifice. Indra, the lord of the heavens, when he heard of this, got > scared and stole the horse and took it to the nether region. The sixty > thousand sons reached the nether region after searching the earth for the > horse and manhandled a sage by mistake, thinking he had stolen the horse. > The sage in anger cursed them and turned them to ashes. Sagar on hearing > this prayed to Goddess Ganga to come down to earth and with her water to > bring salvation to his sons. > > His *son and grandson also carried out the penance and it was only > Bhagirath*, the great, great grandson, who managed to propitiate Ganga. > > Q8 What was the situation which give rise to Venkitesa Avathar? > > A8 . Sootha Maharshi tells Sownaka & other Sages the story of Sri > Venkateswara > Swami & His Mahatyam.Narada said to Brahma: "Father, after Krishna > Avatar, Sri Hari did not go to Bhooloka again. Hence, Bhooloka has > become a hell. The time has come when God is to appear again on earth > and restore Dharma". > > *Q9 Name Pancha mathrus* > > A9 Pancha mathru(5 mothers) are : Gayathri, Tulasi, Ganga, Kamadhenu, > Arundhathi > > *Q10 Name seven Jeeva nadhis* > > A10 Seven Jeeva nadhis(rivers) : Ganga, Yamuna, Godhavari, Saraswathy, > Kavery, Narmadha, Sindhu > > Q11 Is it told in Venkitesa mahamyam by exchanging the garland, Padmavathi > became wife of God Venkitesa? > > A11 Yes. She placed a garland of flowers around the neck of her > Prabhu, Who, in placing His garland on her neck, duly accepted her as His > wife > > Q12 What is the speciality of Modakeswar at Nasik? > > A12 Shri Modakeshwar - Nasik : Cursed by Lord Shiva, *Kamdeva attained > his original form by worshipping Shri Ganesha here*.It is also popular by > the name Kamvarad Mohotkat. This idol is in the form of a modak. Modak means > happiness and one who gives happiness is Modakeshwar. > > Q13 What is the specality of Shri Mahaganapati (Titwala)Bomby? > > A13 Shri Mahaganapati (Titwala)Bomby- Those desirous of having sons, > are blessed with sons on worshipping this deity. : This idol was > consecrated by sage Kanva. > > Q14 What are the general benefits of Ganesha worship at titwala ? > > A14 If Mahaganapati is worshipped regularly it is said that marriages > can be fixed easily. > > If Mahaganpati is propitiated properly, conflicts between husband and wife > come to an end. > > Devi Shakuntala and king Dushyant came together after a long period of dis > -agreement after praying here. Shakuntala and king Dushyant married here. > The idol from the Mahabharat period vanished. While re constructing > > Q15 Is there a version siddas appear to spiritual aspirants on full moon > day? > > A15 There are 12 full moons in a year and every one of them is important. > On the full moon day, the Siddhas who are enlightened masters, come down to > the earth plane to help spiritual aspirants to evolve. > > Q16 Do Brahma is not worshipped now? > > A16 No is the answer. In temples he is not mostly worshipped, but in > rituals he is awoked > > But it is believed that since the task of creation has been accomplished > and Brahma's work is over, he has become one with the cosmic principle. > Thus Brahma is not generally worshipped but still temples are there for > Brahma. > > Yet *Brahma's name appears in all the rituals* and he has not been > forgotten by celestial beings and the seers who are concerned about the > management of the Universe. > > Only famous temple where he is still worshipped is at Pushkar, near Ajmer > in Rajasthan. > > There are some areas of Punjab and Himachal Pradesh where traces of Brahma > worship are still found. > > In a temple at Dera in Kulu, prayers are said to the Adi Brahma during > Baisakh (April) and Sawan (June-July). > > It is said that a villager in Kulu once saw a Brahmin sitting in a lonely > spot. When asked who he was, the Brahmin said that he was God, and if > people built a temple to him at that spot and worshipped him there, their > wishes would be granted. So saying, he disappeared beneath the earth and *the > people of the village built a temple where they installed an image of black > stone. * > > In many parts of Haryana and Punjab, a stone is placed under a banyan tree > and worshipped as Brahma, in the hope of being cured of fevers and for help > in recovering lost property. > > *My note- I have seen the Brahma idol placed under banyan tree at the > Kodumuti near Erode* > > -- > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups > "iyer123" group. > To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an > email to [email protected]. > To view this discussion on the web visit > https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/iyer123/1071948840.158899.1646499013760%40mail.yahoo.com > <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/iyer123/1071948840.158899.1646499013760%40mail.yahoo.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> > . > > -- > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups > "iyer123" group. > To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an > email to [email protected]. > To view this discussion on the web visit > https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/iyer123/350051452.163402.1646506551332%40mail.yahoo.com > <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/iyer123/350051452.163402.1646506551332%40mail.yahoo.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> > . > -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Thatha_Patty" group. 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