Pranam
A healthy body functions best at an internal temperature of about 37°C
(98.6°F). But everyone has their own individual "normal" body temperature,
which may be slightly higher or lower. Our bodies also constantly adapt
their temperature to environmental conditions. It goes up when we exercise,
for instance. And it is lower at night, and higher in the afternoon than in
the morning.
Our internal body temperature is regulated by a part of our brain called
the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus checks our current temperature and
compares it with the normal temperature of about 37°C. If our temperature
is too low, the hypothalamus makes sure that the body generates and
maintains heat. If, on the other hand, our current body temperature is too
high, heat is given off or sweat is produced to cool the skin. (evaporation
causes the cooling and the vaporation need not be felt as sweat only)
Strictly speaking, body temperature refers to the temperature in the
hypothalamus and in the vital internal organs. Because we cannot measure
the temperature inside these organs, temperature is taken on parts of the
body that are more accessible. But these measurements are always slightly
inaccurate.
People get a fever when their brain sets the body temperature higher
than normal. This may happen as a reaction to germs such as viruses or
bacteria
<https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/n/pmh_iqwig/glossary/def-item/def93/>, but
it can also happen as a reaction to substances that are made by the body,
such as prostaglandins. Our body produces prostaglandins to fight off germs.
A body temperature of 38°C (100.4°F) or more is considered to be a fever.
Temperatures above 39.5°C (103.1°F) are considered to be a high fever, and
very high fever is defined as any temperature above 41°C (105.8°F). A
temperature between 37.5°C and 38°C is an elevated body temperature.
The regulation of body temperature doesn't always work perfectly in
younger children. Compared to older children and adults, they also sweat
less when it is warm, and it takes longer for them to start sweating. That
is why they are more likely to react with a fever. Babies and young
children have a higher body temperature than older children. This is
because their body surface area is larger in relation to their body weight.
Their metabolism is more active too. Newborns usually have an average body
temperature of 37.5°C.
So what is the body's key way of dealing with the heat? When
temperatures rise, the body reacts by increasing blood flow to the skin's
surface, taking the heat from within the body to the surface. This means
sweat. As the sweat evaporates, the body cools down. The body's normal core
temperature is 37-38C. If it heats up to 39-40C, the brain tells the
muscles to slow down and fatigue sets in. At 40-41C, heat exhaustion is
likely - and above 41C, the body starts to shut down. Chemical processes
start to be affected, the cells inside the body deteriorate and there is a
risk of multiple organ failure. The body cannot even sweat at this point
because blood flow to the skin stops, making it feel cold and clammy.
Heatstroke - which can occur at any temperature over 40C - requires
professional medical help and, if not treated immediately, chances of
survival can be slim. The best method of cooling people down is to immerse
them in ice water or apply ice packs to the groin and armpits where crucial
arteries are located - but it all depends on how long the body has been at
an elevated temperature. George Havenith, professor of environmental
physiology and ergonomics from Loughborough University, says humidity - the
amount of moisture in the air - is critical in determining how much we can
sweat out. If humidity is high, our ability to sweat is impaired and this
makes us feel awful. But if it is hot and dry - like Qatar - sweat can
help. "We can evaporate a lot of moisture from our skins - but we also have
to produce it," says Prof Havenith. "This means going to very high sweat
rates quickly, and people might be limited by the amount of sweat they can
produce." So someone running at around 15km per hour in temperatures up to
37C would need to produce four litres of sweat per hour.
How does your body adjust to weather? “Throughout your body – *your
skin, your muscles, your organs and your tissues – they are feeding
information back to your hypothalamus, which is where your big central
regulator of temperatures is*.” Even if the blood in that area is 36.5C,
signals coming in saying that the temperature has dropped or increased, are
seen as a threat.
Aclamitasation is in the nature. Best results will come from
gradually increasing work time in hot conditions over a period of 7 to 14
days, and cooling off and fully rehydrating between shifts.Typically,
acclimatization requires at least two hours of heat exposure per day (which
can be broken into two, 1-hour periods).The body will acclimatize to the
level of work demanded of it. Simply being in a hot place is not
sufficient.Doing light or brief physical work in the heat will acclimatize
you ONLY to light, brief work. Morestrenuous or longer tasks require more
acclimatization.Stay hydrated! Dehydration reduces the benefits of heat
acclimatization.Eating regular meals aids acclimatization. Food replaces
electrolytes lost in sweat, especially during the first few days of
acclimatization, when you lose the most salt in sweat.Physical fitness aids
acclimatization. How quickly does the body LOSE heat tolerance after
acclimatization? Acclimatization will be maintained for a few days after
heat exposure stops, but will begin to be lost after about 1 week away from
working in the heat. After 1 month away from work in the heat, most
people’s heat tolerance will have returned to baseline.
Hence people who are trained to the weather stay fit even in
Ramaguntam A P. But once the body is untuned to the original conditions,
and adopted some other weather, they have to again roll in for a few days
to survive. Hence only Indians who strolled in the hot sun heer, after
settling in USA, when they come back for vocation, finds it HOT. KR IRS
12422
On Tue, 12 Apr 2022 at 08:39, 'gopala krishnan' via iyer123 <
[email protected]> wrote:
> *CULTURAL QA 04-2022-11*
>
> *BEING A COMPILATION THERE MAY BE ERRORS*
>
> Q1 How did people keep cool in the desert without swimming pools
> or AC in the Old West?
>
> A1 Ernest W. Adams School taught me to hate history, but now I
> love it. Apr 6
>
> *People who couldn't hack it didn't go there in the first place*. The
> population of Arizona has exploded since the invention of air conditioning.
> In my father's time, *Phoenix was just a wide spot in the road. Now it's
> the sixth largest city in the United States. It couldn't exist without air
> conditioning. Ditto Las Vegas and Texas.*
>
> People got up early, worked until lunchtime, took a break during the hot
> part of the day, and worked again during the evening. The Hispanic
> tradition of the siesta was a practical necessity. They made copious use of
> handkerchiefs dipped in water and wore big shady hats when they had to go
> out.
>
> Q2 What are the benefits of printing polymer currency over paper,
> and why is RBI not doing it?
>
> A2 Prasanna Bhalerao M. Sc. in Electronics & Physics, Fergusson
> College, PuneApr 3
>
> *I first came across polymer paper currency in Australia way back in 1995.*
> At that time only the AU$ 50 notes used polymer. By the time I left
> Australia, I think all notes were in polymer form. I couldn't but help
> marvel at the idea. The advantage is obvious:
>
> Long lasting currency No more soiling Water proof And best of
> all, extremely difficult to fake/counterfeit
>
> Why is India/RBI not doing it? The cost obviously. The polymer substrate,
> the minting machines, etc. are very expensive. Polymer currency is nearly 3
> times more expensive to mint in the beginning and then gradually reducing
> to 1.5 times over the passage of time. *UK has just adopted polymer
> currency starting with £5 in early 2019,* then £20 in late 2019, and £10
> in early 2020. I suppose £50 now is also polymer but it is rare to see a
> £50 note. The USA is still to switch and I don't know if they are even
> thinking about it. It is not just the cost of minting machines and actual
> minting. The entire system including cash counting machines, ATMs,
> vending machines, etc., will have to change.
>
> *Another reason perhaps? Basically, the world is moving to digital
> cashless (notes-less) mode. If you* will believe it, I have not visited
> the ATM since my return to India in Jun, 2020. *The last ATM withdrawal
> was at Mumbai airport on 30-06–2020 when I needed Indian currency for
> incidental expenses after return back to India. All my transactions have
> been cashless since then*. So, if that is the direction, then spending on
> cash minting technology upgrade may not be worth it. RBI is going on a
> parallel track — switching to coins for lower value currency.
>
> *But who knows? Maybe the government and RBI is thinking about it (polymer
> currency). But it has to* be fine carefully and after proper planning.
> The last demonetisation exercise was a disaster of sorts. A huge amount was
> spent to bring in new notes. So it may be a while. It doesn't have to be a
> sudden switch like the DeMo exercise.
>
> Q3 How did Sri Lanka's economy end up in this crisis?
>
> A3 Aashish Kumar Dimri One who loves India Sat
>
> Poverty : According to Srilankan political and economic commentators;
> Srilanka faces acute economic crisis. Nine out of ten citizens reside in
> villages without basic amenities.
>
> Imbalance : Only western province is far more developed than the rest of
> this island nation. It suffers from social (Sinhalese versus Tamil) and
> economic imbalance.
>
> Agricultural crisis : Majority of citizens are dependent on agriculture
> for livelihood. Alas, its ambitious organic farming experiment gravely
> failed.
>
> Tourism deficit : Its economy heavily depends on tourism . But, internal
> (civil war, unrest) and external issues (Corona virus) impacted its tourism
> industry.
>
> Poor Infrastructure :Unlike big cities like Colombo (capital) ; this
> beautiful nation lacks strong infrastructure.
>
> Politics :Srilanka is allegedly afflicted with years of nepotism or
> family led politics.
>
> Civil war : Alas, Srilanka is yet to get over wounds inflicted by decade
> old civil war. According to experts; it had caused an economic loss of
> around $200 billion.In short, it is a sad sight to watch a nation rich in
> natural resources going bankrupt. Hopefully, it will be back to basics.
>
> Q4 What are some differences between alligators/crocodiles and
> dinosaurs? I have been trying to find this answer but can only find
> similarities.
>
> A4 Claire Jordan Degree in biology and folklore; programmer,
> shop owner, secretary on newspaper Sat
>
> *Dinosaurs are warm-blooded, have feathers (even though the really big
> ones had probably lost them) and hold their legs straight under the body.*
> There were some extinct crocodilians who were fairly straight-legged and
> probably semi-warm-blooded, but that was unusual for the group, and they
> weren’t feathered, *whereas *all* dinosaurs had their legs held straight
> under the body*, and so far as we know all were and are warm-blooded.
>
> It’s also quite likely that all *dinosaurs had the one-way respiratory
> system that birds have, where air is taken in and passed around a one-way
> system of air sacs*, rather than simply pulled in and out of the lungs.
> This increases the efficiency of oxygen uptake.
>
> Q5 How, why, and when do we eat flowers?
>
> A5 Ken Saladin I think, therefore I am, I think. Apr 3
>
> *Capers, artichokes, cauliflower, and broccoli are among the flowers we
> commonly eat. Others are a* bit more exotic and used in special dishes,
> such as squash blossoms. My wife used to grow nasturtiums and use those
> flowers in our salads once in a while.
>
> Q6 An electric appliance is connected by wires to a 240-volt
> source of voltage. If the combined resistance of the appliance and wires is
> 12 ohms, how much current is flowing through the circuit?
>
> A6 Gopala Krishnan, former Assistant General Manager 1996-2004
> at Department of Telecom (1966-2004)Answered just now
>
> It may appear very simple question. Ohm’s law states I= V/R. So 240/12 =
> 20 Amps
>
> How thick should be the conductor to carry 20 amps without heating? Which
> equipment has such very low resistance ?
>
> Q7 Why were medieval noblewomen expected to marry incredibly
> young?
>
> A7 Matt Riggsby A Archaeological Studies, Boston University Apr 5
>
> They weren’t.
>
> Minimum age for marriage tended to be younger than what we have now, but
> it was still in the mid-teens, and the church frowned very strongly on
> earlier marriage than that. That said, marriage politics put significant
> demands on aristocratic families and required them to come up with someone,
> anyone, to secure an alliance, and while a girl couldn’t marry at the age
> of, say, eight or ten, she could be betrothed at any age. That is, little
> girls weren’t formally married, but the could be committed to a marriage.
> And even those were extreme cases. Most noblewomen married in their late
> teens and early 20s.
>
> Q8 Is it necessary for railway employees to apply for NPS? Can't
> they try for other options like SIPs, mutual funds or crypto?
>
> A8 Prasanna Bhalerao Experience of investing in Stocks and
> Mutual FundsThu
>
> *NPS was made mandatory for all new recruits to the Central Government
> service* (except the armed forces) from 1st January, 2004.
>
> Since IR is a Central Government employer, NPS is mandatory.
>
> However, IR employees can always invest in any other investments including
> Direct Equity, Mutual Funds and Crypto. I personally do not like Crypto
> investment but if someone wants to invest there, it is up to the individual.
>
> Q9 What can be the approximate electricity bill in Delhi, for a
> couple; general approximation with one A/C and other home appliances?
>
> A9 Partha Barman, lives in New DelhiAnswered Jan 17, 2016
>
> *The below is what it comes for a 1 BHK with Government meter which in our
> home. We don't* use electricity on weekdays from morning to evening since
> we go office.
>
> *Also we run AC in summer, whole night as well.*
>
> Below is the data:
>
> In summer: Approx INR 3000 - 4000 per month.
>
> In Winters: Approx: INR 600 - 900 per month.
>
> *2nd answer-Zeeshan Ali Khan, lived in New Delhi Answered Feb 21, 2017*
>
> This totally depends on how you use the AC. *Someone might prefer to use
> it only during intense heat and keep the thermostat at 25, run for 4-5
> hours and switch off*, some might keep running almost continuously day
> and night at 18.
>
> *Anyhow, by a normal usage you can expect atleast around thousand rupees
> per month on your* bill. Assuming that you know what your appliances
> consume, I will give you a breakup:
>
> If you have a 3kW connection, you will be charged 100 per month as rental.
> Over and above this you will be charged
>
> Q10 Who was the scientist that postulated the theory of man
> evolved from apes?
>
> A10 Claire Jordan Degree in biology and folklore; programmer, shop
> owner, secretary on newspaper 6mo
>
> *Well, the 14th century Tunisian polymath, Ibn Khaldun, in his work the
> Muqaddimah, was probably the first to state formally that humans* came
> from “the world of the monkeys", but people had known for thousands of
> years that humans were apes. Only they saw it the other way round - they
> saw non-human apes, and even baboons, as odd types of human. That’s why
> “orangutan” means “man of the woods”.
>
> *All the above QA are from Quora website on 11-04- 2022. **Quora
> answers need not be 100% correct answers *
>
> *Compiled **and posted by R. Gopala krishnan on 12-04-2022*
>
> --
> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups
> "iyer123" group.
> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an
> email to [email protected].
> To view this discussion on the web visit
> https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/iyer123/560326423.23968.1649732960422%40mail.yahoo.com
> <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/iyer123/560326423.23968.1649732960422%40mail.yahoo.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer>
> .
>
--
You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups
"Thatha_Patty" group.
To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email
to [email protected].
To view this discussion on the web visit
https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/thatha_patty/CAL5XZoo-hXOeWxR_Yi6C6kENYbdnO1oUH%3DQ1uzfdiSM43PNECw%40mail.gmail.com.
