Pranam "Golden Age" denotes a period of primordial peace <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace>, harmony <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmony>, stability <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_stability>, and prosperity <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosperity>. During this age, peace and harmony prevailed in that people did not have to work to feed themselves for the earth provided food in abundance. They lived to a very old age with a youthful appearance, eventually dying peacefully, with spirits living on as "guardians". Plato <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plato> in *Cratylus <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cratylus_(dialogue)>* (397 e) recounts the golden race of humans who came first. He clarifies that Hesiod did not mean literally made of gold, but good and noble. Men neither bought nor sold; there were no poor and no rich; there was no need to labour, because all that men required was obtained by the power of will; the chief virtue was the abandonment of all worldly desires. The *Krita Yuga* was without disease; there was no lessening with the years; there was no hatred or vanity, or evil thought whatsoever; no sorrow, no fear. All mankind could attain supreme blessedness. (Mahabharata Anusasana Parva). 2 The Gupta period was written as the golden age for the main reasons: (1) The Guptas had a highly organized system of provincial and local administration. The empire was divided into divisions called Bhuktis and each Bhukti was placed under the charge of an Uparika. Bhuktis were further divided into districts and placed under the charge of a vishayapati. In the urban administration, organized professional bodies were given a considerable say. They had a highly centralized empire in the beginning, in which there was a group of superior officers known as kumaramatyas. It was from them that important officers like the ministers and military commanders were selected. This ensured that the influential officers came from a selected class, very often they were personally chosen by the king himself. These officers were in turn responsible for the entire maintenance of the kingdom, which shows their efficiency, considering the large territory of the Gupta empire. (2) According to Fa-Hien's account, Magadha, capital of the Gupta empire, was full of cities and its rich people believed in and supported it with charitable offerings. We know that revenue came mainly from the land, commercial activities didn’t provide a large income. Guilds were a common feature, and they continued as the major institution in the manufacture of goods and in commercial enterprise. They had their own laws, which the government generally agreed with.Manufacture of textiles of various kinds was seen among the more important industries of this time. Silk, muslin, calico, linen, wool and cotton were produced in great quantities. Ivory work was also practised as a premium activity as did stone cutting and carving. Metal work also continued as one of the essential industries. (3) In literature, the Gupta period witnessed an efflorescence. Important developments took place in the sphere of Sanskrit literature during this period. This is one of the major reasons why the nationalists chose the Gupta age to represent the golden age because it is supposed to have established the roots of Hinduism and propagate it. Sanskrit language and literature, after centuries of evolution and through lavish royal patronage reached what has been described as classical excellence, with some scholars even going to the extent of calling the Gupta age as the Classical age.Among the known Sanskrit poets of this period, the greatest name is that of Kalidasa,who has written Meghaduta and Raghuvamsha and one of the most popular plays, Abhijnana Shakuntalam. Several other dramatists also flourished during this period like Shudraka. Erotica became a prominent feature of the Gupta period, of which the Kamasutra is a relevant example. (4) This period also saw an increase in religious literature. The epics and majors of Puranas were given final shape and form and these texts from important sources for religious and cultural processes of those times. Some important Astronomical works like aryabhatiyam authored by Aryabhatta Were written.ART AND ARCHITECTUREIn the history ofIndian art and architecture, the Gupta period occupies an important place. Both Samudra Gupta and Chandra Gupta were great patrons of art and literature. Both the Nagara and Dravidian styles of art evolved during this period. But most of the architecture of this period had been lost due to foreign invasions like that of Huns. Yet, the remaining temples, sculptures and cave paintings provide an idea about the grandeur of the Gupta art. (5) This period is also consider a pioneer for it was supposed to be in this period that the images of various Hindu gods like Vishnu, Shiva were fashioned for the very first time.The Temple At Deogarhnear Jhansi and the sculptures in the temple at Garhwas near Allahabad remain important specimen of the Gupta art. There was no influence of Gandhara style. But the beautiful statue of standingBuddha at Mathura reveals a little Greek style. The Buddha statue unearthed at Sarnath was a unique piece of Gupta art. The Bhitari monolithic pillar of Skandaguptais also remarkable.Metallurgy had also made wonderful progress during the Gupta period. The craftsmen were efficient in the art of casting metal statues and pillars. The gigantic copper statue of Buddha, originally found at Sultanganj was about seven and a half feet height and nearly a ton weight. The Delhi Iron pillar of the Gupta period is still free from rust though completely exposed to sun and rain for so many centuries.The paintings of the Gupta period are seen at Bagh caves near Gwalior. (6) The Mural paintings of Ajanta Mostly illustrate the life of the Buddha as depicted in the Jataka stories. The paintings at Sigiriya in Sri Lankawere highly influenced by the Ajantha style. Decorations on ceilings, pedestals of columns and door and window frames speak of the artist's extraordinary powers of conception and technique.The Gupta coinage was also remarkable. Samudragupta issued eight types of gold coins (7) The legends on them throw much light on the achievements of that marvellous king. The figures inscribed on them are illustrative of the skill and greatness of Gupta numismatic art. Chandragupta II and his Successors had also issued gold, silver and copper coins of different varieties. The handling of metal working is seen at its best in the coins and seals. Coins were finely stuck and died carefully engraved. Seals attached to copper-plates are also of fine workmanship.Music Was also considered a necessary accomplishment, specially the playing of the lute (vina).PHILOSHOPHIESThe Gupta period is said to be a landmark in the development of philosophical ideas. Six schools of thought were developed which became the chief feature of Indian philosophy. Female divinities came to be worshipped and attained a level of importance they had never enjoyed before. Vaishnavism and Shaivismbloomed in the Gupta period. Buddhism and Jainismalso spread rapidly but the nationalist historians have chosen to only emphasis on the Hinduism aspect of this period and so, most of the focus is on the developments in image worship and the rise of Vaishnavism and Shaivism.Also, it is important to point out here that the Guptas were highly tolerant towards other religious sects and there were no instances of Buddhists or Jainas being persecuted. 8 Similarly Valmiki described the Glory of Ayodhya and the ruling of Rama as golden in so many verses. The history shows that where people for generations learned the treasures of India and up-held the dharma of this soil and established the Golden age; this means that we failed our posterity and went along with the pre-meditated Machines and having enjoyed the modern science, now advocating that past glory is the greatest;if so what we can answer when the posterity is asking please explain?. KR IRS 29422
On Fri, 29 Apr 2022 at 05:51, Markendeya Yeddanapudi < [email protected]> wrote: > > > -- > *Mar**Human in the Ordinary Emotions of Life* > > > > Living is breathing. It is inhaling the smell messages and exhaling > responses. You inhale and exhale continuously, all life. You stop breathing > only when you die. You inhale the smells of the other organisms and exhale > your responses, as part of the activity of your lungs, which take no rest. > When the lungs take rest, one dies. The lungs are a continuation of the > climate outside. > > Free, lush and thick nature, converts breathing into rapture. Rapture or > participation with nature as nature, is the meaning, purpose and mission of > life. Rapture does not allow logic that creates worry. And rapture creates > success after success as part of breathing. Breathing is the bedrock of > emotions. > > The bedrock of emotions, breathing and its manifestation, are repudiated > in the so called Humanities, Economics, Politics, Sociology etc, all of > which try to be mechanical obeying the laws of the half defunct Newtonian > Physics. > > But, Quantum Physics has taken Physics to consciousness and emotions. It > no longer is bound by the mechanics of Newtonian Physics. But economics is > shackled by Newtonian mechanics, and it has created the emotions dead > creature, ‘the economic man’, the ghost that destroys. This economic man > does not breathe. It lives like a machine without emotions. As it has no > sensitivity, because it does not do the basic breathing, smelling and > sensing, it has become the monster that destroys nature. > > The student of economics starts with this absurd assumption, that man is > mechanical and not human. The fact that man is human, is recognized in > economics as the obstacle to be obfuscated, so that the make believe > assumed world looks like the august Newtonian mechanics. > > The very certainty which is the foundation of Newtonian Mechanics has left > Quantum Physics, but in economics, there is no need for any reality, as it > rests on the assumption-the economic man. This economic man today is busy > destroying nature and that activity is economic development. > > The assumption has become very dangerous, because,the organs that are > extensions of nature into you are getting substituted by machines which do > not participate in the basic activity of breathing, smelling and sensing > and which as machines make the body function like a machine. > > Technology today, is cyborging both man and nature. Nature is failing in > its basic function as the fountain of rapture, thanks to the poisoning of > land, water and air. The day today living today, is governed by technology > and our life is cyborged. We lost our very sensitivity and empathy for life > forms, including the humans and we have the robber politicians, who create > tensions and rifts to create vote banks. > > The stock slogan of every robber political marauder (not leader), is > economic development. Our wonderful caste heritage, where every caste > contributed to the society from its caste based occupation, which created > the barter economy, where every caste gave its contribution to the society > and received its needs from the society, the Theism directed economics is > derided by the short sited demagogues’. > > Breathing and its basic manifestation emotion today are scoffed at. > > YM > -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Thatha_Patty" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to [email protected]. To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/thatha_patty/CAL5XZoqYiFCwLKo3pjOTrpuu9nznH8JGDq40F96OJ-z8%3Do%2BRbQ%40mail.gmail.com.
