CULTURAL QA 05-2022-18 BEING A COMPILATION THERE MAY BE ERRORS
Q1 Why were dinosaurs so large in size?What in the evolutionary process caused them to be of such large size? Why arethere no living organisms of such size today? A1 Claire Jordan Degree in biology andfolklore; programmer, shop owner, secretary on newspaper20h Oxygen levels were higher, and there were no humanshunting them. Humans tend to kill off megafauna. But also rememberthat our sample is skewed, because large organisms fossilise (and those fossilsare found) more easily than little ones. We have part of the tail of a dinosaurpreserved in amber and the animal it came from was the size of a rat - so evenif it was a baby the adult wouldn’t have been much bigger than a beagle. Mostdinosaurs were probably no bigger than modern animals. Also, although weno longer have any really huge land animals, none of the dinosaurs, and onlyone ancient reptile that we know of (an ichthyosaur), were anything remotelylike as big as a blue whale. Q2 Is the Brooklyn Bridge a suspensionbridge? A2 Steven Haddock Studied at YorkUniversity (Canada) May 7 It is, yes. Although its materials areold fashioned (the bridge dates to the 1880s) and it was one of the first modern suspension bridges,it still uses a massive main cable from which other cables are “suspended” tohold up the bridge decks. The four primary cables are made of bundles of wire. It’sthicker than modern suspension bridge cables, but it still does the job. Q3 How does concrete gain strength withtime? A3 Rakesh Parihar, love everything aboutcivil engineering. Answered Oct 16, 2016 , MBA Supply Chain Management &Construction, University of South Wales (2009) Lets understand howconcrete gain strength and factor that affect the strength of concrete. Adding water to the cement starts a chemical reactioncalled hydration. As hydration proceeds over time,the cement and water are transformed into beneficial calcium silicate hydratecompounds. These compounds are the glue that hold the aggregates together,creating the hard, solid material we know as concrete. There are othercompounds that form during the hydration process, but they are not responsiblefor strength. Curing is the process of maintaining moisture levels insidecast concrete so that hydration can continue. As long as free moistureand unhydrated cement exist inside the concrete, the strength, hardness anddensity will gradually increase. Practically speaking, curing is simply theprocess of keeping the hardened concrete moist so that it can continue to gainstrength. As the concrete gets stronger and denser, its porositydecreases. This is important, because early on the concrete is much moreporous than when it’s older and has hydrated longer. Porous concrete losesmoisture to evaporation quickly, and this can lower internal moisture levelsand stop hydration. Ifthe concrete dries out, it stops gaining strength. This is why it is soimportant to cover your concrete right after casting and keep it moist. When concrete ismixed, all the water needed for full hydration is present in the mix design.Often contractors add more to the concrete than needed for hydration, to makethe concrete more workable. This extra water is called water of convenience.This extra water causes the cement particles to be too far apart to knittogether into a strong matrix. It results in a longer set time and lowerstrength. Another factor that will influence the curing time istemperature. Colder concrete gains strength much slower than warmer concrete.At 3 days after casting, concrete cured at 45 degrees F only has about 70% thestrength of the same concrete cast at room temperature (73 degrees F). Incontrast, concrete cast and cured at 90 degrees F has about 10% more strengththan concrete cured at 73 degrees F. Over time these differences graduallybecome smaller, but often it’sthe early (2 to 3 day) strength that is more important than the 28 daystrength. Q4 Is litchi good for diabetic patients? A4 Lucia Garcia Worked at Hospitals Mon Litchi is a delicious and juicy tropical fruit thatoriginated in southern China more than 2,000 years ago. Litchis are rich innutrients and contain many essential vitamins and minerals which are needed fora healthy body. Recent studies havefound that litchis have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and even anti-diabetic properties. For diabetics,to supplement the sugar in the body, Eating Fruit is the Best Choice. Fruit not onlyprovides nutrients such as vitamins and minerals, but also helps maintain bloodsugar levels in the body. Litchis contain 16%natural fructose, which is safe for diabetics because it does not require anyinsulin for metabolize. The glycemic indexof litchis is not high, about 50. In addition, litchis are also rich in dietaryfiber, which ensures that sugar of litchis is slowly released in the bloodstream regulating the sugar fluctuations. However, litchis are high-calorie fruits. Diabetics can'teat too much litchi, just eat 3 to 5 a day. My note-Diabetics need some sugar. Probably it could be the reason many doctorsrelaxation in diabetic food one day in a fortnight/ week Q5 Why did the railways abolish 72,000posts? A5 Arvind Kumar Sharma Studied at GuruGobind Singh Indraprastha University10m One Simple reason,Technology.Railways has implemented modern technology at almost every level. Signals are nowautomated, ticketing system is online.Coaches and engines require less peopleto maintain.Even track maintenance doesn't require as many people as before. It is not only72000 posts, abolished posts are lot more than that. My note- Many jobs are given on contract. Contractorservice is more efficient and require less money thansalary to staff doing the job earlier. Q6 What are some underrated touristdestinations? A6 Shaunak Bhattacharjeee Lives inKolkata, West Bengal, India (1996–present)Sat Last month, I wentto the second-largest city in Karnataka for a solo trip. I actually had somework that I finished on the first day and after that, I had one day to myselfto explore the city. I could have stayed back in the hotel and relaxed andenjoyed my day off at work or I could have explored a new city. Being an avidtraveller, I decided to choose the second option, of course! I visited a hill called Nrupatunga Betta. It is onlyabout 800 metres above sea level but the view fromthe top is really beautiful. More than that, the walk from the base to the peakis truly wonderful. On one side you have a fenced wall, overlooking the cityand on the other side, you have a jungle. While trekking up the hill, I was the only one there.That shows how underrated this destination is! At the peak, there was awatchtower and one could get a 360-degree aerial view of the city of Hubli. I met a coupleover there but they were busy with something else so I came down and gave themprivacy. >From there, I wentto a museum which was located inside the city. It was an >outdoor museumfeaturing statues and sculptures made of glass. There were glass >sculpturesmade of animals and various types of human heads showing different >emotions. During the evening,J took a stroll along the streets of the neighbourhood I was staying. Theflowers had withered and had fallen on the ground giving off a good smell. Itwas an adventurous feeling to walk down the unknown streets, thanks to GoogleMaps for safely navigating me back to the hotel. There were a lot of other things to be seen. I saw theUmkal Lake, the biggest lake situated in the heart of the city while passing bybut there were some other places too that I missed due to a shortage of time. People were surprised to knowthat I was exploring Hubli because they thought there was nothing to see; someeven didn't know where Hubli was or in which state! Exploring theseoffbeat places has its own sense of thrill and charm and I am glad to havecovered one of such places that very few people outside of Karnataka would havecared to explore. Q7 Why does IRCTC charge for fullywaitlisted (auto-cancelled) tickets? A7 Indian Railways Space Answered by D SP CHANDRA SEKHAR May 8 WL dropped ticketswould be refunded fullyminus clerical charges (change from class to class) while confirmed(cancelled ) tickets will be refunded after deducting cancellation charges. Ifticket is cancelled before two days the charges will be less and the journeyday charges will be more. Norefund eligible for confirmed tickets after the preparation of final chart fourhrs prior to the departure of train My note- Earlier half the ticket fare was given if onecould not catch the train in time and ticket cancelledwith in 2 hours after departure of train. It was customer orinented decision. The present arrangement is gain oriented decision by railway Q8 What if we cancel a confirmed ticket? A8 Mahesh Mundri Sr Commercial Clerk atIndian Railways (2013–present)Sat If you cancel theconfirmed ticket after chart preparation, will not be refunded.If you cancel it before chart preparation, you will be refunded after deductingthe cancellation charge. Cancellation charges will depend on your ticket classand time duration. The refund policiesof Indian Railways for confirmed tickets are as follows: 48 hours before thestart of the journey: Refund after deduction of minimum flat cancellation fee · ₹240+ GST forAC First Class or Working Class · ₹200+ GST forAC 2-Tier or First Class · ₹180 + GST for AC 3-Tier, AC Chair Car, or AC3-Economy · ₹ 120 +GST forSleeper Class · ₹ 60 +GST forClass II · 48 hours to 12hours: Refund after deduction of 25% of the original fare subject to minimumflat cancellation fee · 12 hrs & upto 4 hrs: Refund after deduction of 50% of basic fare subject to minimum flatcancellation fee. No refund is available after the trainleaves. My note- If the train fare for sleeper class is even 150-00 no passenger cancel the ticket nowadaysbecause reaching station and return takes more than 50-00 rupeesnow a days by bus to collect 30-00rupees. Q9 What are some healthy (or at leastnot harmful) snacks for senior citizens with diabetes and cardiac issues totake in between meals if they feel hungry? A9 Kritika Gupta worked in research at acardiac med device company | not a doctor May 12 I’m sharing a few North Indian snacks which might help.If something seems new, do run it by your nutritionist or doctor as applicable. 1Dry roasted fox nuts. The best way to eat these isroasted in a small amount of ghee, with a little saltand pepper. The good thing is it can also be roasted in small amount of healthyoil, or possibly even dry roasted. Does not require a lot of salt and satisfiesone’s craving for crunch quite a bit. Store in airtight containers or make afresh batch when you want to eat as the crunch will get compromised in humidweather of a place like Chennai. Buy a huge bag of raw fox nuts and try to buythe variety called “rasgulla” because they will nice and plump. Please do noteat the ready packaged ones with awful flavors like piri-piri, masala, etc.This is one snack which gets ruined with excess salt and flavoring. 2. Sprouts bhel. Takes a bit of preparation but greengram sprouts are a staple in some households soit works well. Sprout some green gram (do not over-sprout). If you don’t likethe taste of raw sprouts, feel free to boil them gently. Add any chutney whichis readily available at home, although the tastiest will be tangy-spicycoriander-mint chutney (low salt). Or add chaat masala. Add any tasty bits andpieces such as roasted peanuts, chopped tomatoes, cucumber etc. You can addtiny pieces of raw mango for tang if not using green chutney. You can even addany leftover roasted namkeen which is at home but then please add this in smallamounts just for taste. You could add puffed rice although this is emptycalories. You can also make this with any other sprouts like black chanasprouts, or use boiled corn instead of green gram. 3. Hummus. I feel the time has come for India to embracehummus along with other Lebanese food. It is such anunderrated dish, perfect for the Indian palate, and we love our chickpeas don’t we? Soak a bunch of chickpeas around8 hours, cook them in a pressure cooker, then coarsely grind them with sesameseeds (this is not the traditional way of cooking this I’m sure).Now, if you have access to good olive oil please add some of this, it isusually also recommended as one of the heart friendly oils. You won’t be ableto add copious amounts of olive oil as this recipe demands but you know what,hummus is still tasty if you add some lemon juice, salt and roasted cuminpowder. Garnish with paprika. You know those baked or roasted crackers or chips(air fried?) which are commercially sold as heart healthy snacks? They are sodry.. Hummus will make them much tastier by adding some umami and protein. It’salso very heavy being pure chickpea so you will feel full faster. You can alsohave this dip with carrot sticks, cucumber sticks or any other fresh vegetablein salad form. Have it with literally any oil free snack which is foisted onyou by relatives, or else just get some plain dry rotis made a little crisp onthe pan and eat with that! 4. Dhokla. Since you are from Tamil Nadu, your kitchenwill already be well equipped for steaming and fermenting.Dhokla is a snack made with besan which has a low GI and is likely to besuitable for you given your heath situation. Feel free to add a good spicytempering, that small amount of oil should be okay. Just don’t douse it insugar water as is sadly done in many places. There are also very interestingrecipes of different types of dhokla made with other lentil batter (like greengram). The key to leveling up the tasty quotient is some spicy green chutney(not salty) or any other chutney. 5. Sattu anything. Sattu is a low GI superfood from Biharwhichdeserves a lot more fanfare than it gets. It can be had as a refreshing drinkin the killer summers, to keep people nourished and hydrated. Some veryunhealthy recipes can be made using it like parathas stuffed with sattu. But tomake something healthy is equally easy, like this recipe for sattu ki tikki -(Sattu ki Tikki: A Delicious High-Protein Snack - ãhãram) or this recipe forsattu pancakes - (Sattu Vegetable Pancakes (Savoury Breakfast Recipe withSattu) (Note that a small amount of oil or ghee is used to panfry). The USP of sattu is simplicity. It fills you upusing humble ingredients, and most of the things you will make using it arealso humble and accessible. In summation, when looking for snacks, look to the North orto Gujarat. A lot of them are unhealthy butmany healthy ones can also be found. The key to cutting down salt is increasingumami in other ways like adding tomatoes, or increasing tanginess or spicelevels. Homemade sauces, chutneys and dips can liven up the cardboard-iest of“healthy” oil-free packaged snacks.Writing this answer has made me reallyhungry so please pardon me while I scrounge up some fox nuts. Happy snacking!!! Q10 If you are from India, what are someunique or special foods from your hometown? A10 Srinath Nalluri Updated 1y The different facets of palmyra fruits. Most of them wouldbeaware of these palmyra fruits.But the unknown fact is that they a long lifebeyond summer. Summer Around May to June,we get tender palmyra fruits (thaatikayalu in Telugu) in our village.The tip issliced off and three sweet jelly fruits that are translucent pale-white andfilled with sweet water are spooned out.They taste yummy. And especially since ourvillage homes don’t have fridge, this is one of the naturally-chilled drinks ona summer day. Monsoon Some of the palmyrafruits which escape the cut from the sickle, stay on till August.They become overripe and soft.In telugu, we call them thaatipandlu. We usually burn them, peel off the skin and suck the fleshfrom the pulp. It tastes really sweet and good.Also,the paste is obtained from the pulp by rubbing against the seive and it is usedto make savories (thaati burelu). Late Monsoon. The overripepalmyra fruits are crushedand burried. After a month or two, the seed-pockets harden intoshell while the fibre around them decomposes. On breaking the shell from the centre, you will findwhite spongy item which looks like coconut. It also tastes very sweet and yum. Winter If the shells aremade to remain in the soil, tiny palm shoots grow out of them.In our villages,we call them tyagalu. We dig our backyard during December to January to takethem out. We put the shoots in a pot, fill it with hay, upturn itand put lot of hay around it and burn it. Post this process,we clear the ashes, and take out the roasted shoots. They taste really good and can be kept for longertime. All the above QA are from Quora website on 18-05- 2022. Quora answers need not be 100% correct answers . Compiled and posted by R. 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