Pranam CULTURAL QA 07-2022-08 conceptually organised where the views may be different too.
Q1 Is it safe to eat pumpkin skin? In ayurveda nothing is sacred or peeled; the gift of God is that everything in nature has its own benefits; however, we have to wash and wash with the hot or tepid water, to siphon off the bacterias and dirt. At the same time, loko binna ruchi: and thus some may dislike the outer hard and rough surfaces lest it may cause injury while munching. Pirandai is one which to many is food harmful; psychologically brought up in the family; the outer in majority holds the secrets of health as well as while boiling does not allow the good content to escape out of the vessels. Bitter gourd is not liked by many. Peanuts are allergic to so many; the outer peanuts in chutney crumble appear as though POTTUKADALAI. Shell which easily riggles off is not edible. Guardian of angels is edible if tasted and agrees to the constitution. Q2 Do crocodiles have a common ancestor with dinosaurs? The connectivity to dinosaurs is negative as seen from the articles of Natural History Museum as well as depictions in the Washington Museum; the chain of museums in Washington one shall not miss if feasible to visit. It may take about a week to cover it all up. An ancient relative of modern crocodiles and alligators shows that their semi-aquatic lifestyle dates back over 150 million years. *Amphicotylus milesi** was able to close its throat off from the mouth while* continuing to breathe, allowing it to tackle prey while still in water. A well-preserved ancestor of the crocodiles has shown how the group of reptiles became the feared aquatic predators of today. Described as the 'uncle' of modern crocodilians, *Amphicotylus milesi had* a similar skull to its later relatives that is believed to have allowed it to seal its throat *Dr Stephan Spiekman* <https://www.nhm.ac.uk/our-science/departments-and-staff/staff-directory/stephan-spiekman.html>, who researches ancient crocodiles at the Museum and was not involved with the study, says, '*Amphicotylus milesi* is a fantastic specimen, and seeing it as a mounted specimen is unbelievable as it almost looks like a modern crocodile. 'It was a member of the goniopholididae, which have a similar semi-aquatic lifestyle and a generally similar skull shape and skeleton to modern crocodiles. They're one of the earliest branching lineages in a group called neosuchia, which includes all modern crocodilians and their closest ancestors.' The findings, led by researchers at Japan's Hokkaido University, were published in *Royal Society Open Science* <https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.210320>. The skeleton discovered in Wyoming is one of the best preserved goniopholididae specimens. The earliest ancestors of the crocodiles evolved *around 200 million years ago* <https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08912963.2012.662680> during the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic. These ancestors were smaller than most living crocodilians, with a shorter snout. However, they did possess a secondary bony palate which separated the passage between their internal and external nostrils which all of their descendants also had. While crocodilians tend towards similar lifestyles now, many of their ancient relatives were very different from one another. 'Crocodiles are known as living fossils, so you might have the idea that they have looked the same for millions of years,' Stephan says. Nowadays, they are all semi-aquatic and predators of fish and other prey, but they have a very interesting evolutionary history. 'They started out living on land where they were generally smaller and a lot more active. Some like *Sarcosuchus <https://data.nhm.ac.uk/dataset/collection-specimens/resource/05ff2255-c38a-40c9-b657-4ccb55ab2feb?view_id=6ba121d1-da26-4ee1-81fa-7da11e68f68e&filters=family%3Apholidosauridae%7CassociatedMedia.category%3Aspecimen%7Cgenus%3Asarcosuchus> *were enormous predators, while others *were herbivores and omnivores.* <https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(19)30690-6>' These diverse species and their descendants subsequently died out as carnivorous crocodyliformes became the dominant form. The goniopholididae were one group of these reptiles *which arose during the Jurassic Period.* { born and stayed together and not from Jusassics}. They possessed many of the features that are common to modern crocodilians, including a similar body plan from which a semi-aquatic lifestyle has been suggested. Their semi-aquatic lifestyle is further supported by the *possession of the gular valve* <https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jmor.10448>, which seals off the mouth from the throat *using a flap* <https://www.iucncsg.org/pages/The-Crocodilian-Body.html>. This allows the reptile to continue to breathe through its nostrils while the rest of its head is underwater. 'We as humans have a secondary palate, but crocodiles are rare among reptiles in having one,' Stephan explains. 'It keeps the nasal cavity and mouth separate, with an opening at the back of the throat instead. However, crocodiles have the gular valve behind the mouth which can separate it from the nose, allowing them to breathe even if their mouth is underwater. With crocodiles and alligators spread across every continent except Europe and Antarctica, adaptations to their throat and skull over 155 million years ago helped ensure their success as a dangerous predator of the world's waterways. Makara (मकर).—Description of a women of *makara* type;—A woman who has a large head, a steady neck, a mouth wide open, very loud voice and is cruel, has habits of a fish, is known to have the nature of a *makara*. Makara ( मकर) refers to a “crocodile” and represents the mount of Varuṇa, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.2.36 <https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/shiva-purana-english/d/doc226056.html>. Accordingly, as Brahmā narrated to Nārada:—“Indra mocked at Viṣṇu who was engrossed in his own arguments. He, the bearer of the thunderbolt, was desirous of fighting Vīrabhadra along with the other Devas. [...] Varuṇa rode on a crocodile (*makara*); the wind-god rode on a deer; Kubera sat in his chariot Puṣpaka and he was ready and alert” Makara (मकर) or Mṛga refers to the sign of Capricornus, according to the Bṛhatsaṃhitā (chapter 5) <https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/brihat-samhita/d/doc226721.html>, an encyclopedic Sanskrit work written by Varāhamihira mainly focusing on the science of ancient Indian astronomy astronomy (Jyotiṣa).—Accordingly, “If the sun and moon should begin to be eclipsed when only half risen, deceitful men will suffer as well as sacrificial rites. [...] If they should be eclipsed when in the sign of Sagittarius (Dhanuṣa), ministers, fine horses, the Videhas, the Mallānas, the Pāñcālas, physicians, merchants and persons skilled in the use of destructive weapons will perish. If when in the sign of Capricornus (Makara) [i.e., *mṛga*], fishes, the families of ministers, the Cāṇḍālas, skilled magicians, physicians and old soldiers will perish”. Mahabharatham: Jayadratha-Vadha Parva <https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/the-mahabharata-mohan/d/doc493071.html> "Sanjaya <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/sanjaya#vaishnavism> said, 'O monarch! I beholding Vasudeva <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/vasudeva#vaishnavism> and Dhananjaya <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/dhananjaya#vaishnavism> penetrate into their host, having already pierced through many divisions, the kings of the army, fled away in fear. A little while after, however, those high-souled ones, filled with rage and shame, and urged on by their might, became cool and collected, and proceeded towards Dhananjaya. But those, O king, who filled with rage and vindictiveness, proceeded against the son of Pandu <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/pandu#vaishnavism> in battle, returned not, like rivers never returning from the ocean. Seeing this, many ignoble Kshatriyas <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/kshatriya#vaishnavism> incurred sin and hell by flying away from battle, like atheists turning away from the *Vedas <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/vedas#hinduism>*. Transgressing that throng of cars, those two bulls among men, at last, issued out of it, and looked like the sun and the moon freed from the jaws of *Rahu <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/rahu#purana>*. Indeed, the two Krishnas <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/krishna#vaishnavism>, their fatigue dispelled, having pierced through that vast host, looked like two fishes that had passed through a strong net. Having forced through that impenetrable division of Drona <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/drona#vaishnavism>, the way through which was obstructed by dense showers of weapons, those two high-souled heroes looked like *Yuga <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/yuga#vaishnavism>*-suns risen (on the welkin). Piercing through those dense showers of weapons and freed from that imminent danger, those high-souled heroes, themselves obstructing the welkin with thick clouds of weapons, seemed like persons escaped from a raging conflagration, or like two fishes from the jaws of a *makara <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/makara#vaishnavism>*. And they agitated the (Kuru <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/kuru#vaishnavism>) host like a couple of *makaras <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/makara#vaishnavism>* agitating the ocean. Your warriors and your sons, while Partha <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/partha#vaishnavism> and Krishna <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/krishna#vaishnavism> were in the midst of Drona’s division, had thought that those two would never be able to issue out of it. Q7 Why is Africa the birthplace of humankind? Other animals trace their early ancestors to different parts of the world, so what makes Africa so unique to humans? Through a persistent argument by Jordan ( not the basketball player USA) THE THEORY OF AFRICA HAD GONE FAR OFF FROM LUCY LADY HUMAN MONKEY. Vide my reply in similar lines dated 10th June 2022. ALSO READ MY ARTICLE DATED 1/7/22. To repeat again for those who missed as to WHY WE PASS OFF LUCY AND AFRICA EVOLUTION THEORY” 2 Human Ancestor Fossils in the “Cradle of Humankind” May Be More Than a Million Years Older Than Thought By PURDUE UNIVERSITY JUNE 29, 2022 Sterkfontein Skulls *Pictured are four different Australopithecus crania that were found in the Sterkfontein caves, South Africa. The Sterkfontein cave fill containing this and other Australopithecus fossils was dated to 3.4 to 3.6 million years ago, far older than previously thought. *The new date overturns the long-held concept that South African Australopithecus is a younger offshoot of East African Australopithecus afarensis. Credit: Jason Heaton and Ronald Clarke, in cooperation with the Ditsong Museum of Natural History 3 The earth doesn’t give up its ancient secrets easily – not even in the “Cradle of Humankind” in South Africa, where a wealth of fossils relating to human evolution have been discovered. Scientists have studied these fossils of early human ancestors and their long-lost relatives for decades. Now, a dating method developed by a Purdue University geologist just pushed the age of some of these fossils found at the site of Sterkfontein Caves back more than a million years. This would make them even older than Dinkinesh, also called *Lucy,* the world’s most famous Australopithecus fossil. 4 The “Cradle of Humankind” is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in South Africa that comprises a variety of fossil-bearing cave deposits, including those at Sterkfontein Caves. Sterkfontein was made famous by the discovery in 1936 of the first adult Australopithecus, an ancient hominin. Hominins include humans and our ancestral relatives, but not the other great apes. Since then, hundreds of Australopithecus fossils have been found there, including the well-known Mrs. Ples, and the nearly complete skeleton known as Little Foot. Paleoanthropologists and other scientists have studied Sterkfontein and other cave sites in the Cradle of Humankind for decades to shed light on human and environmental evolution over the past 4 million years. 5 Darryl Granger, a professor of earth, atmospheric, and planetary sciences in Purdue University’s College of Science, is one of those researchers, working as part of an international team. Granger specializes in dating geologic deposits, including those in caves. As a doctoral student, he devised a method for dating buried cave sediments that is now used by scientists all over the world. His previous work at Sterkfontein dated the Little Foot skeleton to about 3.7 million years old, but scientists are still debating the age of other fossils at the site. 6 Darryl Granger of Purdue University developed the technology that updated the age of an Australopithecus found in Sterkfontein Cave. New data pushes its age back more than a million years, to 3.67 million years old. Credit: Purdue University photo/Lena Kovalenko 7 In a new study published on June 27, 2022, in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Granger and a team of scientists including researchers from the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, South Africa and the University Toulouse Jean Jaurès in France, have discovered that not only Little Foot, but all of the Australopithecus-bearing cave sediments date from about 3.4 to 3.7 million years old, rather than 2-2.5 million years old as scientists previously theorized. That age places these fossils toward the beginning of the Australopithecus era, rather than near the end. Dinkinesh, who hails from Ethiopia, is 3.2 million years old, and her species, Australopithecus africanus, hails back to about 3.9 million years old. Sterkfontein is a deep and complex cave system that preserves a long history of hominin occupation of the area. Understanding the dates of the fossils here can be tricky, as rocks and bones tumbled to the bottom of a deep hole in the ground, and there are few ways to date cave sediments. 8 In East Africa, where many hominin fossils have been found, the Great Rift Valley volcanoes lay down layers of ash that can be dated. Researchers use those layers to estimate how old a fossil is. In South Africa – especially in a cave – the scientists don’t have that luxury. They typically use other animal fossils found around the bones to estimate their age or calcite flowstone deposited in the cave. But bones can shift in the cave, and young flowstone can be deposited in old sediment, making those methods potentially incorrect. A more accurate method is to date the actual rocks in which the fossils were found. The concrete-like matrix that embeds the fossil, called breccia, is the material Granger and his team analyzed. 9 “Sterkfontein has more Australopithecus fossils than anywhere else in the world,” Granger said. “But it’s hard to get a good date on them. People have looked at the animal fossils found near them and compared the ages of cave features like flowstones and gotten a range of different dates. What our data does is resolve these controversies. It shows that these fossils are old – much older than we originally thought.” 10 Granger and the team used accelerator mass spectrometry to measure radioactive nuclides in the rocks, as well as geologic mapping and an intimate understanding of how cave sediments accumulate to determine the age of the Australopithecus-bearing sediments at Sterkfontein. 11 Granger and the research group at the Purdue Rare Isotope Measurement Laboratory (PRIME Lab) study so-called cosmogenic nuclides and what they can reveal about the history of fossils, geological features and rock. Cosmogenic nuclides are extremely rare isotopes produced by cosmic rays —high-energy particles that constantly bombard the earth. These incoming cosmic rays have enough energy to cause nuclear reactions inside rocks at the ground surface, creating new, radioactive isotopes within the mineral crystals. An example is aluminum-26: aluminum that is missing a neutron and slowly decays to turn into magnesium over a period of millions of years. Since aluminum-26 is formed when a rock is exposed at the surface, but not after it has been deeply buried in a cave, PRIME lab researchers can date cave sediments (and the fossils within them) by measuring levels of aluminum-26 in tandem with another cosmogenic nuclide, beryllium-10. 12 In addition to the new dates at Sterkfontein based on cosmogenic nuclides, the research team made careful maps of the cave deposits and showed how animal fossils of different ages would have been mixed together during excavations in the 1930s and 1940s, leading to decades of confusion with the previous ages. “What I hope is that this convinces people that this dating method gives reliable results,” Granger said. “Using this method, we can more accurately place ancient humans and their relatives in the correct time periods, in Africa, and elsewhere across the world.” 13 The age of the fossils matters because it influences scientists’ understanding of the living landscape of the time. How and where humans evolved, how they fit into the ecosystem, and who their closest relatives are and were, are pressing and complex questions. Putting the fossils at Sterkfontein into their proper context is one step toward solving the entire puzzle. 14 Reference: “Cosmogenic nuclide dating of Australopithecus at Sterkfontein, South Africa” by Darryl E. Granger, Dominic Stratford, Laurent Bruxelles, Ryan J. Gibbon, Ronald J. Clarke and Kathleen Kuman, 27 June 2022, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 15 Sterkfontein is the most prolific single source of Australopithecus fossils, the vast majority of which were recovered from Member 4, a cave breccia now exposed by erosion and weathering at the landscape surface. A few other Australopithecus fossils, including the StW 573 skeleton, come from subterranean deposits [T. C. Partridge et al., Science 300, 607–612 (2003); R. J. Clarke, K. Kuman, J. Hum. Evol. 134, 102634 (2019)]. Here, we report a cosmogenic nuclide isochron burial date of 3.41 ± 0.11 million years (My) within the lower middle part of Member 4, and simple burial dates of 3.49 ± 0.19 My in the upper middle part of Member 4 and 3.61 ± 0.09 My in Jacovec Cavern. Together with a previously published isochron burial date of 3.67 ± 0.16 My for StW 573 [D. E. Granger et al., Nature 522, 85–88 (2015)], these results place nearly the entire Australopithecusassemblage at Sterkfontein in the mid-Pliocene, contemporaneous with Australopithecus afarensis in East Africa. Our ages for the fossil-bearing breccia in Member 4 are considerably older than the previous ages of ca. 2.1 to 2.6 My interpretation from flowstones associated with the same deposit. We show that these previously dated flowstones are stratigraphically intrusive within Member 4 and that they therefore underestimate the true age of the fossils. KR IRS 8722 On Fri, 8 Jul 2022 at 07:16, 'gopala krishnan' via Thatha_Patty < [email protected]> wrote: > *CULTURAL QA 07-2022-08* > > *BEING A COMPILATION THERE MAY BE ERRORS* > > *Q1 Is it safe to eat pumpkin skin?* > > A1 Lucia Garcia,Worked at Hospitals Mon > > *Pumpkin peels are edible*. Like other fruits and vegetables, many > nutrients are concentrated in the skin itself. > > Even when edible, pumpkin skins are often peeled or scraped off. However, > *removing > the pumpkin peels may mean removing the most nutrient-rich part of the > pumpkin.* > > The cobalt content of pumpkin skin ranks first among all kinds of > vegetables. Cobalt is one of the trace elements necessary for the body. > > Cobalt in pumpkin skin can dilate blood vessels, lower blood pressure, > prevent fatty liver, promote hematopoietic function, and participate in the > synthesis of vitamin B12 in the body. > > Pumpkin skin is an excellent source of dietary fiber and pectin, which > can promote gastrointestinal motility, protect intestinal flora, and absorb > and eliminate toxins and waste. > > The skin of the pumpkin is the part that receives the sun's rays. It has > much higher levels of antioxidants than the pulp. > > Pumpkin skin is a bit tough and not very appetizing when raw，and needs to > be cooked to soften the skin. > > *My note- In preparing dish Olan, slightly tender* pumpkins with skin are > used. Especially people from Udupi use cucumber, pumpkins etc. with skin. > > *Q2 Do crocodiles have a common ancestor with dinosaurs?* > > A2 Claire Jordan, Degree in biology and folklore; programmer, > shop owner, secretary on newspaper Mon > > *Ultimately. everything has a common ancestor with everything else, but > yes, crocodilians and dinosaurs are closely related*. The only group that > aren’t considered dinosaurs but that were more closely related to dinosaurs > than crocs are was the pterosaurs, and they’re extinct. > > All three were in the group Archosauria, and they were the only occupants. > Basically that means that the only living archosaurs are birds (=dinosaurs) > and crocodilians (crocodiles, alligators, caiman and gharials) and they are > each other’s closest living relatives outside their own group. > > *Q3 How does an electric train operate during rain?* > > A3 Mausamjeet Khatua, PhD Student at Cornell University Updated > 4y > > This is an intriguing question . At first sight one might think with rain > and flood there will be water everywhere and since this water is full of > electrolytes this could potentially lead to short circuit. > > Then how do the trains run during heavy rain and floods so comfortably. The > answer lies in spotting the two terminals from which the train draws its > electricity. > > The positive terminal (High voltage) > > The positive terminal(live terminal) comes from the overhead conductors > whereas the negative terminal comes from the steel tracks. The tracks are > grounded so that you don’t get shock when you touch them. > > The negative terminal(Grounded and low voltage) > > Now coming back to the question. Even if the tracks are flooded the > positive and negative terminals are wide apart for any kind of possible > short circuit to happen. Hope this answers the question > > Edit : > > There has been some confusion about the usage of the terms positive and > negative terminals. *I have used positive and negative considering HVDC > lines*. However in general the power supply can be DC or AC. *So in case > of AC please consider phase instead of positive and neutral in case of > negative*. But the basic idea still remains the same though. > > *My note- Very clear answer in basic technical terms* > > *Q4 What are the different types of houses found in Tamil Nadu?* > > A4 Gautham Sampath, Knows Tamil Sun > > Nowadays most people in Tamil Nadu are living in concrete houses and > almost all the houses are constructed using bricks , steel and concrete > just like elsewhere in India and we all live in such type of houses!- In > cities and towns people live in individual houses or rented or in > Apartments but in villages people live in individual houses. > > But before some 30 years ago, all people didn’t live in concrete houses cause > of the social strata and the wealth was undistributed but everything has > changed due to the IT boom, industries and economic change. > > So to make the answer more interesting lets go back and see what were the > type of houses were present in this Modern Tamil Nadu! > > I am going to speak about the caste and people of Tamil Nadu just to give > a good perspective! If I am wrong correct me in comments(Suggestions are > welcome) > > *1.Tamil Brahmin Houses* > > Tamil Brahmin houses were neither big nor small-They were average in size > and all the houses had roofed tiles. > > Brahmin always live near the temples of the town or near rivers because > they used to work in the temples and thus it is easy for them to commute. > In Tamil Nadu, the temples have 4 Mada veedis or 4 Mada streets and these > streets had *Brahmin houses(Called as Agraharams).* Brahmins live very > close to each other and they live in communities(Now also in few towns like > Kanchipuram or Kumbakonam or Sri Rangam we can find them living just like > in olden times-I heard even in some areas of Palakkad they live like this.) > > Brahmin houses have two doors-one in front and one in back and they had > space in the back for washing clothes ,planting few flowering plants and > they had wells. In front of home there is no place and the houses had > *Thinnais( > a platform to sit and talk in evenings).* > > The houses had a central place which had a Tulsi plant with open roof. > Brahmin houses were mostly ground level homes in TN (There was no 1 or 2and > level) > > There are many more details of Brahmin houses and to know about their > houses you can read this post-The unique charm of Agraharams > > 2.Large Land Owning Community Houses. > > There are many land owning communities in Tamil Nadu and some of them hold > huge tracts of land like the *Some Mudaliars, Pillais,Some Goundars,Some > Thevars,etc* and the Telugu castes of TN like *Kamma Naidus, Naickers, > Balijas and Reddiars*( Land owned ranges from 20 to 50 acres and few of > them from 50 to 100 acres, Jamindars and their relatives lived in > Bungalows and small palaces and had more land from 100 to even 3000 acres > but after Independence 90% of land was taken back by the government) > > These people houses were bigger in area and space as the name tells they > are land owning community thus they had ample space to construct houses . > *They > also had a Mattu Thozhuthu or Cattle Shed.* > > Houses had 1 or 2 levels and the rooms were bigger with lot of space. > > There was enough space in all the four sides of the house and hence plants > and trees were grown. > > Also these houses were constructed in their respective lands and were not > congested-These houses were far from each other. > > *All these castes are classified as OBC castes(except few) and I > guess-Nearly 20% of the OBC castes belong to this category.* > > 3.Medium Land Owning Communities. > > Some Tamil Communities which own medium amount of lands like from 3 to 20 > acres. communities like Mudaliars, Thevars,Goundars, few Vanniyar > subcastes,few Devendra Kula Vellalars,etc live in villages next to each > other and these people had houses just like Agraharam houses but with many > rooms and the *houses were mostly constructed in Rectangular shape with > breadth side towards the front. Some people had Mattu Thozhuthu or Cattle > Shed.* > > In Case of the space, instead of a centre space, front side had a space > -Back side didn’t have space and also roofs were tiled. > > Some houses had a space in the walk way and had rooms on either sides.( In > certain Tamil films we can notice this). > > These people always live together within the villages and thus it is > little bit congested-Houses were either had 1 level or just ground > level.-*Nearly > 30% of OBC castes come under this category.* > > 4.Small Land owning communities. > > Small land owning communities like few Devendra Kula Vellalars ,few > Vanniyar sub castes, few *Thevars, Konars, Nadars,Edigas,etc* come under > this category who hold just 1 to 2 acres of farm. > > These people lived in simple mud houses with thatched roofs made up of > coconut or palm leaves and again in villages-That means just ground level > homes with just 1 to 2 rooms at max. > > Little space is given on four sides and people lived very simple- Nearly > 50% of the OBC castes come under this category. > > 5.Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes/Fishermen Houses > > SC, Fisherrman and ST castes didn’t own any lands and many of them neither > had land nor house and *the place or area where these people lived were > called as “Chaery” .* > > As they had to move from one place to another place, *they just lived > with movable things and the houses were mostly build using simple materials > like coconut leaves *or dried grass that grows along the rivers. > > Special House Types > > Not to forget , that certain communities in Tamil Nadu had special type of > houses. > > 6.Natukottai Chettiar Houses > > Chettiar Houses are the biggest houses of Tamil Nadu and they were > constructed just like Jamindar houses. > > There is a region called Chettinad in Southern Tamil Nadu which consists > up of 96 villages where these type of houses can be found and there many > more details in these type of houses. > > I have written an separate answer about their houses-Gautham Sampath's > answer to What are some interesting facts about Nattukkottai Chettiars? > > Gautham Sampath's answer to What's so special about chettiar community in > india? > > *7.Weaver/Craftsman/Trader Houses/24 Telugu Manai Chettiars* > > The style and form of this house is common to many communities who do > trading, weaving, goldsmith, etc. > > The traditional craftsmen, including the weavers, do not separate their > workspace from their home and that means there was a space for these people > to work . These spaces were even used to do functions at times. > > 8.Potters Houses > > The houses of pottery caste are very simple and these houses were > constructed either in mud with roofed tiles or were thatched with 1 or 2 > rooms. > > There was some space left in front of the house such that potters can do > pots and stock them. > > 9.Basket weaver’s houses > > Basket weavers houses are more simpler houses with thatched roofs build > using mud. > > Note:- Only few people still live in such houses in Tamil nadu and > nowadays most people live in concrete houses and many things have changed > from past 30 years. > > Sources:- > > Tamil Nadu Merchant House > > Tamil Nadu Traditional House Designs - HomeLane Blog > > Traditional Homes of South India, Culture of Generations > > Tour traditional houses of the aristocratic Chettiars community - ELLE > DECOR > > https://housing.com/news/south-indian-traditional-house-decor/ > > *Q5 Are there any legendary singers like Lata Mangeshkar in other > countries?* > > A5 Arin Saha(অঋণ সাহা) cultural nationalistUpdated Wed > > There is a singer whom I would consider at par or even better than Lata > didi(no offense to her) in India itself who is neglected by many. When we > already have legendary singers other than Lata Mangeshkar in India itself, > then why go for other countries? > > *She is the underrated nightingale of India yet a very popular singer in > south India:-* > > *She is…..S.Janaki Amma* > > She could sing for anyone and she has sung in 17 languages including > telugu, Kannada, tamil, Malyalam,hindi,sanskrit,odia and even Urdu and > Japanese. > > Some of my favourite songs sung by her include:- > > singara velane deva > > pagale venella(telugu) > > annakili unna theduthe(tamil) > > senthoora poove(tamil) > > oru sanam(tamil) > > Sandye kaneerithende(malyalam) > > Ae malarkanyakal(malyalam) > > doni saagali(kannada) > > Ponmeni uruguthey > > Thaniye Thaniye > > *Sadly she has not got a Bharat Ratna yet. She deserves a Bharat ratna!* > > There are many more like P Susheela, Suman Kalyanpur,Usha Timothy,Vani > Jayram,Sandhya Mukhopadhyay who were of the same calibre as Lata Mangeshkar. > > *Q6 Which water heater is the best for hard water in India?* > > A6 G Punjabi,Owner (2011–present)2y > > the best geyser for hard water in india > > Top 10 geyser brands that you can buy which suit to hard water - below are > the best water heaters rated by numbers based on lower maintenance costs > due to high sedimentation in hard water areas, quality of heating, star > ratings (only standing loss calculation), manufacturing standards. > > FERROLI - best for hard water - glassline tank for all models > > RACOLD - enamel and glassline tank > > HAVELLS - enamel tank > > VENUS - enamel tank > > AO SMITH - glassline tank > > BAJAJ - enamel tank > > Q7 Why is Africa the birthplace of humankind? Other animals trace > their early ancestors to different parts of the world, so what makes Africa > so unique to humans? > > A7 Claire Jordan,Degree in biology and folklore; programmer, > shop owner, secretary on newspaper Tue > > Er - it just is. It’s where apes got started, and where most of them > stayed, And the savannah environment in Africa happened to be more > conducive to developing bipedalism and tool use than any of the > environments in Asia, so humans ended up evolving from a recent common > ancestor with chimps. *If we’d evolved from something closer to > orangutans we might have turned out nicer.* > > You might as well ask, why is North America the birthplace of the camel, > or why did one of the earliest-known tetrapods live in Scotland? They > just did. Everybody has to come from somewhere. > > *All the above QA are from Quora website on 07-07- 2022.* > > *Quora answers need not be 100% correct answers .* > > *Compiled **and posted by R. Gopala krishnan on 08-07-2022* > > -- > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups > "Thatha_Patty" group. > To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an > email to [email protected]. > To view this discussion on the web visit > https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/thatha_patty/664952838.2799404.1657244808731%40mail.yahoo.com > <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/thatha_patty/664952838.2799404.1657244808731%40mail.yahoo.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> > . > -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Thatha_Patty" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to [email protected]. To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/thatha_patty/CAL5XZoqiARid%2Bv9Tgh57K_if1KtqKo7U8TAdWNupiHpb1CzTQQ%40mail.gmail.com.
