Pranam Q1 Indian Railways to be ‘Net-Zero’ railway network! Piyush Goyal-led Indian Railways aims to become the first-of-its-kind big rail network in the world to be fully electrified and the first-ever ‘Net-Zero’ railway. Railway Minister Piyush Goyal recently said that Indian Railways is implementing electrification at a very fast pace. Before the Modi government came into power, the financial year 2013-14 saw rail electrification of 680 km. In a massive improvement, the Modi government electrified 5,200 km of rail lines last year, Goyal said. The minister further claimed that by the year 2023, Indian Railways will be the world’s first railway of this size to be 100 per cent electrified and by the year 2030, it will be the world’s first ‘Net-Zero’ railway.
In the month of July, the Railway Minister had stated that all broad gauge routes across Indian Railways’ network will be electrified in mission mode. Goyal had said that around 1.27 per cent of the total electricity consumption of the country is consumed by Indian Railways and also revealed that the national transporter requires 3 percent of High-Speed Diesel (HSD) oil for its energy requirements. While speaking during Question Hour, Goyal informed Lok Sabha that the Railway Ministry is taking various energy-efficient measures to curb the carbon footprint in a bid to protect the environment. The measures are being implemented by Indian Railways as part of its aim to be an eco-friendly mode of transport. Indian Railways plans to electrify 100 per cent of its broad gauge routes in mission mode, as a green mode of transport, the minister stated. In the financial year 2018-19, the national transporter had consumed nearly 20.44 billion units of electricity as well as 3.1 billion litres of HSD oil for its energy requirement, Goyal informed. Also, last year, the national transporter commissioned the state-of-the-art 12,000 HP electric locomotive in an attempt to help power green and clean railways. Interestingly, this was the world’s first-ever conversion of a diesel locomotive into an electric locomotive. NB: 1 India in economics pushed down Britain to 5th place and went up as 4th, in Economy. ( Oppositions and SUN TV news said: Many economists specialists said ( who are they, is not told) that India ought to have got it , 2 years back; Only BJP economic measures in the last 2 years pushed it to 2022.!!! 2 May be in 2030 the Opposition may say It should have happened even in 2022 itself ; only because BJP did not lay right tracks it went upto 2030!!! 3 Congress and DMK and other state opposition rulers ought to have been removed even 10 years earlier; BJP did not do anything to remove them.!!! KR IRS 4922 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Q2 Some unknown writer wrote a joke about DNA. DNA is well described in the vedic as Tvasta . DNA is a matter which is not destroyed when the body goes out of the earth. Only 15% of the DNA is used by any smart human and so in majority as brain,the DNA also goes to burial or into fre as unused even for 120 years one were to live. No one can change the DNA though research is going on. DNA 23 pairs can mutate by itself. Guna karma vibaga, food, marriage, living habits , body contaminations may mutate , very slowly, and may in some and that too in a few cells, appear to have changed in the seventh generation. No one is a LAPTOP TO INSERT A PROGRAM AS IF IT IS A TOOL. dna IS THE FACTOR MAKING YOURSELF. wHY THERE ARE SO MANY DIFFERENCES IS BECAUSE OF DNA. Astrology is science because every DNA is connected to a planet and star . This may appear as ridiculous but our Varamihirar and surya samantha had written it. So we do harm to our DNA. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Q7 Stem cells need much more study before their use can be expanded. Scientists must first learn more about how embryonic stem cells develop. This will help them understand how to control the type of cells created from them. Another challenge is that the embryonic stem cells available today are likely to be rejected by the body. And some people find it morally troubling to use stem cells that come from embryos. Scientists also face challenges when using adult pluripotent stem cells. These cells are hard to grow in a lab, so researchers are looking into ways to improve the process. These cells are also found in small amounts in the body. There is a greater chance that they could contain DNA problems. Clinical trials that use stem cell therapies are currently being done in the U.S. If you are interested in trying this therapy to treat a certain condition, ask your healthcare provider how to find out about trials available in your area. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Q8 Farmers are stronger and others are not? xxxxxxxxxxxxxx KR IRs 4922 On Sat, 3 Sept 2022 at 18:29, 'gopala krishnan' via iyer123 < [email protected]> wrote: > *CULTURAL QA 09-2022-03* > > *BEING A COMPILATION THERE MAY BE ERRORS* > > Q1 How is Indian railways changing now? > > A1 Pankaj Singh, Senior Software Engineer at Freshworks Inc. > (2021–present)Updated 4y > > I frequently travel between Pune and Mumbai, mostly with Pune-Mumbai > Intercity express train. > > As usual I was at Pune station just 5 minutes before the departure of the > train. > > I was searching for the general coach (unreserved bogie) and then I found > this… > > Yes I was also surprised and asked few people if this really the general > bogie of this train, And people were like.. > > Edit 1: > > This is Pune-Mumbai Intercity Express with Linke Hofmann Busch (LHB) > coaches. > > *I don't know about other days but on 9th June 2018, these coaches were > used for general as well.* > > Q2 Is it possible to make desirable changes in human DNA? > > A2 Tiny Nair, Cardiologist at PRS Hospital, Trivandrum1y > > Yes, here is the step-by-step DIY. > > I am not responsible for my name, gender, religion, race, nationality, > skin color and DNA. > > I was never consulted; no one cared to wait for my opinion. Including my > parents. > > Don’t laugh, its same for you too. > > The Laptop > > If you consider me as a laptop; my parents just decided to assemble me, > may this was the best model they could afford 5 decades back. The hardware > spec cannot be changed now. I have tried appealing to the manufacturer, but > he has a clear ‘no-return’, ‘no cash-back’ policy. > > But, wait, there is good news. > > *The software could be upgraded.* > > Here’s How > > DNA is the instruction codebook that we carry in every single cell. It is > written in 20,000 odd ‘coding’ genes that we have. *Like every codebook, > it cannot be edited in our lifetime.* > > *DNA, like the silicon counterpart, stores data in digital format; the > only difference being, instead of binary of 0 & 1 in case of silicon, DNA > stores data in quaternary in C,T,G,A, each representing one nucleic acid > that pairs up with its partner to form the core of amino acid chains.* > > The reason why nature stores data in digital is that it is highly stable. > Burn it, freeze it, bury it, hammer it to pieces, but still we can identify > a specific piece of DNA from a crime scene or a Jurassic Park. But the flip > side is, it is not user replaceable. > > *The DNA is coiled upon a ‘wooly’ structure called nucleosomes made up of > histones, which we considered as bricks meant for strengthening the coils*. > But now we know that ‘Histone’ has much more important function. Histones > store the data is in ‘analogue’ – editable. It is this histone that is > responsible for turning on a gene or silencing it. It switches on or off > specific instruction of a piece of DNA, the gene, by a series of complex > process called deacetylation and methylation. These are meant to make sure > that your heart cell, with the same DNA code as your skin cell, don’t > produce hair or the brain cell start churning out cartilage. Though the > DNA script cannot be edited, the histone switch could be. And we are not > talking about CRISPR technology. > > *Regular exercise, for example, can silence a set of genes and activate > others secreting more insulin, making muscle more sensitive to insulin, > burning more fat and change the total metabolic milieu in your own lifetime*. > Today we know that environment (diet, exercise, play, emotional stability > and a lot more of such stuff) plays a huge role in ‘epigenetics’ to alter > the instruction transcription from your DNA, despite the code remaining > same. It is like upgrading from ‘Internet Explorer’ to ‘Chrome’. > > Q3 Why do whales breathe air but live underwater? What > evolutionary advantage could this possibly have? > > A3 Mats Andersson, B. Sc, M. Sc from Uppsala University Aug 26 > > *Whales are warm-blooded. This means they have to breathe air; water can’t > dissolve enough oxygen* to keep a warm-blooded metabolism operative. > > They live in water because that’s where the fish they eat is. > > From an evolutionary perspective, it’s actually much easier to go from > cold-blooded to warm-blooded than the other way around! Proteins, which do > most of the heavy lifting in our bodies, tend to have different optimum > temperatures. *This means that if you’re cold-blooded, you have to > produce different proteins depending on the temperature. *This means you > need DNA to tell you this! In computer code, it would go something like “IF > temperature < 15 AND temperature > 4 THEN produce Protein1”, followed by > “IF temperature < 25 AND temperature > 15 THEN produce Protein2”, followed > by “IF temperature < 31 AND temperature > 25 THEN produce Protein3”, and so > on, for every single protein the body needs. > > *If you’re warm-blooded, you can just keep making the same protein no > matter what the temperature is, because you keep your body at the same > temperature regardless.* > > *This is why frogs have 3 times the genetic code of humans. Or of whales.* > > So in order to go cold-blooded, they would have to gain tons of genetic > information, which would have to be precisely fine-tuned to whatever range > of temperatures they’d be likely to find themselves in. > > Q5 Does ethanol gas damage engines? > > A5 Steve Baker,Senior Software Engineer (2013–present)Aug 11 > > It can damage OLDER gas engines - but not newer ones.The deal is that > ethanol slowly dissolves natural materials like rubber and cork…both of > which are found in gasoline engines from at least the 1960’s and maybe into > the 1970’s. > > *It was common to have rubber gas lines, rubber seals and cork gaskets.* > > *So if you run a car from that era on fuels containing ethanol, those > critical parts will start to suffer.* > > Obviously you can replace those things with more modern plastics - but > many classic cars, there aren’t enough of them remaining to make it > profitable for companies to continue to make those parts. > > To add insult to injury - those older cars often also need leaded gasoline > - which is also impossible to find in most places in the world. > > *But in modern engines - they’re already using plastics and other > synthetic materials - and those aren’t affected by ethanol mixed into the > fuel.* > > Q6 Does eating watermelon make you fat? > > A6 Lucia Garcia,Worked at Hospitals1y > > *Watermelon is a low-calorie fruit, 100 grams of watermelon contains only > 30 calories.* > > Watermelon is not high in sugar, 100 grams of watermelon contains about 5 > grams of sugar. > > *Watermelon contains a lot of water, and the water content is as high as > 90% or more.* > > Therefore, eating watermelon will not lead to weight gain. > > Watermelon is rich in fructose, glucose, protein, amino acids, malic acid, > lycopene, vitamin C and other nutrients. Eating watermelon is very > beneficial to human health. > > Q7 What is the main function of stem cells? > > A7 Ken Saladin,Former professor of histology (microscopic > anatomy)1h > > Not only their main function, but their only function, is to > differentiate into the various kinds of mature cells that perform all of > the body’s structural and physiological roles. They’re the “baby cells” > from which all the rest of the body grows and maintains itself. > > Q8 What do farmers eat? Why are they so strong? > > A8 Sravanthi,Lives in Bengaluru, Karnataka, India > (2016–present)2y > > I have seen my friend's family, farmers rely on only these foods and never > for once they had junk. My friend, a daughter of a farmer has never tasted > any kind of chat until she entered college, she said. > > Their staple food was this, > > *Ragi ball, a kind of veg sambar/non-veg gravy along with curd.* > > *And, This, Fresh farm-grown vegetables. They like to consume them raw, > basically.* > > My friend used to tell they walked nearly 10–20kms and never got tired. *They > believe, Ragi balls make them stronger and keep them fuller. *They > breathe fresh air, drink water from the ponds and streams. Their strength > is the ‘greenery'. They do not feel any other food cravings after they have > had a Ragi ball, my friend used to tell when someone asked her to have a > chat or a snack. > > Q9 What was worth a lot in the 50s and almost nothing now? > > A9 Lee Ballentine,surrealist, poet, engineer, six time Top > Writer on Quora.Aug 27 > > *A long distance telephone call.* A coast-to-coast call cost about > $1/minute in the early 1950s, and was worth every dollar when you needed to > reach a friend or family member in an emergency. That’s about $12/minute > adjusted for inflation. > > *The same call today? Free with your calling plan.* > > Q10 When people get bitten by snakes, how do hospitals know > what antivenom to give them? > > A10 Abraham Sukumar,In medical service in India for more than > three decades Updated 3y > > In India only four of the many species of snakes that inhabit the > subcontinent are venomous. *These are the cobra, Russel’s viper, Krait > and the saw-scaled viper*. The polyvalent antivenom (antivenin) supplied > to hospitals acts on all four of these. As bites from non-venomous snakes > are also common the doctor will like to know if the bite was first, a snake > bite, and secondly, if a snake it was one of the venomous ones. > > *The identification process is a follows.* > > Signs and symptoms of venomous snake bite are noted. If they are present > antivenin is injected at once. > > *If there are no signs or symptoms of a venomous snake bite the dead snake > is examined.* It is not uncommon for relatives or friends of the patient > bringing the dead snake. There is a chart in all casualty departments with > pictures to identify venomous snakes. *If the snake is venomous, > antivenin is injected.* > > If the snake is not available the bite marks are inspected. Venomous > snakes have twin fangs about a centimetre apart. If twin punctures are seen > antivenin is injected. > > If this test is also negative it is left to the judgement of the doctor. > Most doctors to be on the safe side would like to inject the antivenin. > > Antivenin can produce a reaction hence it is used only when one is > reasonably assured that it is necessary. > > *All the above QA are from Quora website on 02-09- 2022.* > > *Quora answers need not be 100% correct answers .* > > *Compiled **and posted by R. Gopala krishnan on 03-09-2022* > > > > -- > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups > "iyer123" group. > To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an > email to [email protected]. > To view this discussion on the web visit > https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/iyer123/1383876575.2759602.1662209991263%40mail.yahoo.com > <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/iyer123/1383876575.2759602.1662209991263%40mail.yahoo.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> > . > -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Thatha_Patty" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to [email protected]. To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/thatha_patty/CAL5XZoozCpMgeCbRj5DD0RRYp10GqMRW0mLPDTO%2B6H_M_MMT6g%40mail.gmail.com.
