Q8 Carrier AC is now out moded. And in the scorching hot SUN of 114
degree temperature in California, AC will not work at all. An author
thanking the carrier is also outmoded. Staying cool is in the nature where
nature has provided natural conditioned air in the mountains. With or
without AC one can live and one finds it difficult only because we are
accustomed to it. How were you when you were 12 years old at your place in
the hot summer of 108 degrees?. Earthen pots were invented by our carrier
to have chill water. Convection of air is the cause of the cooling effect,
which was provided by DHARBA grass. Incidentally, by whimsically sending
the iyer 123 by replying Mr g , insinuated Mr N the singapore worm replies
as usual with the pathos of autism combined with the old age syndrome on
Ramayana quote of the bed, bed sheet and spread we're all only
darbha grass. Why even today bedspread is the bed for many in many places;
why even newspapers are treated as bed in the Railway compartments to
sleep. Bed sheet is also a bed only where there is no other alternative.
Only in surplus one can have a bed, sheet and spread. Beds came only when
cotton and silk were found. and that materials conducted the heat.
Darbha bed was cooler . VETTIVER WAS COOLER BNY SPRINKLING EVEN HEATED
WATER.
The German philosopher Gottfried von Herder once said, “The origin
of mankind can be traced back to India where the human mind got its first
shape of wisdom and virtue.” From the intricate layout of the Harappan
cities to the existence of the iron pillars in Delhi, it is clear that the
indigenous technology in India was extremely sophisticated. These include
design and planning of water supply, transport flow, natural air
conditioning, complex masonry and construction engineering.
Alternatives to air conditioning. { even for today}
Passive cooling uses non mechanical methods to maintain a comfortable
indoor temperature. The most effective method to cool your home is to keep
the heat from building up in the first place. The primary source of heat
build up (i.e., gain) is sunlight absorbed by your house through the roof,
walls, and windows. Secondary sources are heat-generating appliances in the
home and air leakage. Specific methods to prevent heat gain include
reflecting heat (i.e., sunlight) away from your house, blocking the heat,
removing built-up heat, and reducing or eliminating heat-generating sources
in your home. Reflecting Heat Away Dull, dark colored home exteriors absorb
70% to90% of the radiant energy from the sun that strikes the home’s
sur-faces. Some of this absorbed energy is then transferred into your home
by way of conduction, resulting in heat gain. In contrast, light-colored
surfaces effectively reflect most of the heat away from your home. Cooling
Your Home Naturally gains Temperature difference95 ̊F 80 ̊F Four factors
affect heat accumulation in a home: solar heat gain , internal heat gain,
air leakage, and temperature difference.
Roofs About a third of the unwanted heat that builds up in your home comes
in through the roof. This is hard to control with traditional roofing
materials. For example, unlike most light-coloured surfaces, grass and
leaves shading over the roof, even white asphalt and fiberglass shingles
absorb 70% of the solar radiation. One good solution is to apply a
reflective coating to your existing roof. TILES WERE DOING IT NATURALLY
THEN. Another way to reflect heat is to install a radiant barrier on the
underside of your roof.( wooden rafters in our ancestral houses were doing
this. A radiant barrier can reduce heat gains through your ceiling by about
25%. White exterior walls absorb less heat than dark walls. And light,
bright walls increase the longevity of siding, particularly on the east,
west, and south sides of the house. Windows Roughly 40% of the unwanted
heat that builds up in your home comes in through windows. Reflective
window coatings are one way to reflect heat away from your home. Besides
keeping your house cooler, these reflective coatings cut glare and reduce
fading of furniture, draperies, and carpeting.
Use plywood walk boards or wooden planks over the ceiling joists for
support. Caution: Rafter Ceiling joist Radiant barrier Insulation Roof
decking The most effective method to cool your home is to keep the heat
from building up in the first place. The attic is a good place to start
insulating because it is a major source of heat gain. Adequately insulating
the attic protects the upper floors of a house. Wall insulation is not as
important for cooling as attic insulation because outdoor temperatures are
not as hot as attic temperatures. Also, floor insulation has little or no
effect on cooling. Although unintentional infiltration of out-side air is
not a major contributor to inside temperature, it is still a good idea to
keep it out. Outside air can infiltrate your home around poorly sealed
doors, windows, electrical outlets, and through openings in foundations and
exterior walls. A well-placed tree, bush, or vine vaeppam(neem) etc can
deliver effective shade and add to the aesthetic value of your property.
When designing your landscaping, use plants native to your area that
survive with minimal care. Locate trees to shade the east and west windows
and walls. As trees mature, they will shade your roof, too. Landscaping is
a natural and beautiful way to shade your home and block the sun.
Now THINK YOUR OLD HOMES TILED , WOODEN ROOFED, CLAY WALLED ETC ETC
AND COMPARE IT WITH THE MARKETING OF CONCRETE JUNGLE FIRST, SO THAT YOU ARE
FORCED TO BUY AIR CONDITIONERS. sO INVENTION BY CARRIER IS NOT THAT
WONDER. mAY BE SPACE SIGNALLED DATA DOWNLOADING IS A MIRACLE TODAY; AND WE
CALLED IT ONCE AS asareeri. KR IRS 12922
On Mon, 12 Sept 2022 at 10:13, 'gopala krishnan' via iyer123 <
[email protected]> wrote:
> *CULTURAL QA 09-2022-12*
>
> *BEING A COMPILATION THERE MAY BE ERRORS*
>
> Q1 Is it better to use only one ceiling fan in a room?
>
> A1 Gopala Krishnan,Former Assistant General Manager 1996-2004 at
> Department of Telecom (1966–2004)Just now
>
> *The number of fans required in a room depends on the size of room and
> the temperature in that area*. Normally rooms of 12′x12′ size require one
> fan. If a hall of size 20′x15′ is there, three or four fans are provided.
>
> *One thing taken care is location of fan hook should not be near lofts, so
> that one can use a ladder and take things from loft opening it’s door with
> out switching OFF the running fan*.
>
> Further switching ON the fan must give comfort to the persons sitting on
> sofas or other sitting arrangements. Present day good class rooms provide
> minimum two fans in addition to air conditioner.
>
> Mostly in corridors having loft, *wall fans are fitted depend on the
> length of corridor.* Corridors require fans to circulate the condensed air.
> Many provide clothes line/lines in the corridors.
>
> Q2 What is the best country for train travel?
>
> A2 Ram Kumar, Lives in Sydney, Australia (2014–present) Wed
>
> All wrong answers. *The question is not which country has most advanced
> trains. It’s asking which country is best for train travel.*
>
> So China is out of the question unless you are ready to start your travel
> like this.
>
> Europe is also not where I will put my money on for this question.
>
> This might be not an issue with Europeans as they love living like this
> but a comfortable journey with polite people is what makes a travel better.
>
> I am not even sure if US has trains but I know they do have locals.
>
> *So if you have had enough buy a ticket and go to Japan and you will know
> how train travel should be like.*
>
> *Yea those seats are cushioned*. And that’s not the first class, it’s the
> local train. And there is a heater underneath next to your legs. Nobody
> shouts inside the train. No forced hi n hello and fake cheerfulness will be
> bestowed upon you. You will not be bothered at all.
>
> *I am not even going to show you how the best train in Japan looks like.
> If you have plans find out yourself*
>
> Q3 At what stage is a banana most nutritious to eat, green,
> brown, yellow, or fully ripe?
>
> A3 JohnKr, Knows English Sep 3
>
> *Bananas can improve digestive health because of their moderate fiber
> content*. Bananas contain different levels of fiber depending on their
> age, which is comparable to plant-based digestive enzymes. Pectin, fiber,
> is found in younger bananas and resistant starch, a starch that actually
> acts a lot like fiber, is found in unripe bananas. The fiber content of
> bananas can improve digestive processes for those with problems.
>
> *Additionally, bananas are low in calories. The* average one contains
> just a little over 100 calories. The high level of satiety, low calories,
> and high fiber make bananas a great resource for weight loss. You eat less
> while getting valuable nutrients and vitamins. *Potassium is the number
> one mineral associated with bananas and the one we learn about in our youth*.
> It is most commonly associated with muscle health and the reduction of
> exercise-related cramps. Bananas are a top choice for nutrition and fuel
> before, during, and after endurance exercises. Not only does potassium
> support muscle health and prevent cramps in athletes, but it also provides
> benefits for a very important muscle: the heart. *Potassium lowers your
> risk of heart disease by helping lower blood pressure.*
>
> •Green Banana: The greenest bananas are the *most beneficial to those who
> are trying to keep control over their blood sugar levels*. Green bananas
> are extremely low on the glycemic index, making them the ideal snack for
> those who have to keep blood sugar levels low. These younger and greener
> bananas also cause longer periods of satiety. Feeling less hungry means you
> will eat less, thus reducing the chances that you might overeat unhealthy
> snacks. With insulin resistance being the number one risk factor for type
> 2 diabetes, the resistant starch present almost exclusively in unripe
> bananas is the most helpful inclusion.
>
> *•Yellow Banana: At this stage, there are no spots on* the peels or on
> the fruit itself. These are very healthy for you and have a much sweeter
> flavor than green bananas. Because it is easier for your body to digest the
> yellow bananas, they’re a great snack for people suffering from any
> digestive issues. While the resistant starch level decreases with
> yellowing, it is replaced by a large number of antioxidants, which protect
> your body from disease by removing dangerous free radicals*. The
> antioxidants found in yellow bananas, including dopamine, reduce the risk
> of heart disease as well as degenerative diseases*. It is important to
> note that the dopamine from bananas does not act like the feel-good
> chemical found in your brain. This dopamine never crosses the blood-brain
> barrier, so it only acts in antioxidant roles rather than mood-altering
> ones.
>
> *•Yellow Banana with Brown spots: The spotted* yellow banana is a bit
> older but still contains lots of antioxidants. As bananas move beyond
> their ripe stage, they contain to break down into more sugars and
> antioxidants. While still healthy, and generally the most popular
> taste-wise, the healthiest stages of the banana have gone passed.
>
> *•Brown Banana: At this point, brown bananas are* most often used as
> ingredients *in baked goods, particularly in banana bread and muffins.*
> Considering the vast amounts of food thrown out before it really needs to
> be, taking advantage of this extra sweetness is beneficial in more ways
> than one. By the time bananas are brown and soft, most people feel as
> though their usefulness has passed. *At this stage, bananas have a much
> higher sugar content than at earlier stages, so they should be avoided by
> diabetics or those who need to watch blood sugar levels.*
>
> However, you don’t need to throw them out because these bananas do have
> some health benefits to offer. They contain tryptophan which helps to
> reduce stress and anxiety and is also rich in nutrients that specifically
> promote muscle and bone health
>
> Q4 What are the safety concerns of constructing a two-storey
> building on top of an existing single-story building?
>
> A4 Gopalkrishna Vishwanath, Graduated in 1972, Hold a master's
> degree. Experience 37 years.20h
>
> Before you construct a two-storied building on top of an existing
> single-storied building *verify if before constructing the single-storied
> building, it was envisaged that a two-storied building would be built on
> top at a later date.*
>
> Was the structure designed and the sizes of load-carrying members (columns
> or walls) determined so that they could sustain the future loads from the
> two stories above?
>
> *Was the foundation designed and constructed to cater to the total load of
> a three-storied structure?*
>
> *My note- Nowadays old buildings proposed to add additional floors, would
> have exchanged many** hands. So for safety pillars are erected without
> damaging old structure for constructing additional floor.*
>
> Q5 Can a person who has booked an air-conditioned (AC) ticket
> travel in the sleeper class if there is no seat available in the AC coach?
>
> A5 D S P CHANDRA SEKHAR,Worked at South Central Railway Zone,
> India (SCR) (1983–2018)20h
>
> If you mean WL ticket *that would be allowed in case of counter WL ticket
> only since they don't get automatic refund.*
>
> For example if a AC two tier counter ticket not confirmed in the final
> chart the holder can attempt journey with it in the same train *trying
> his luck in 3tier AC or sleeper class.* Sometimes people get
> accommodation in lower classes as no. of coaches are more in three tierAC
> and sleeper classes. *But passenger won't get any refund as he is
> travelling in lower class in his personal interest*
>
> Q6 Why do steel beams have holes?
>
> A6 Bob Davis,Former General Manager (1984–2018)Thu
>
> *Steel beams are made by heat-treating a piece of steel until it becomes
> very hard. The steel is then placed into a mold that gives it the desired
> shape. Once the steel has cooled and hardened, it is cut to size and
> drilled with holes to create the finished product.*
>
> To the untrained eye, a steel beam with holes might not look like it's up
> to the task of supporting a heavy load. After all, why would engineers
> weaken their structure by punching out large chunks of metal? In reality,
> however, these holes are crucial in ensuring the beam can do its job. So
> let's take a closer look at why holes are such an essential part of steel
> beams.
>
> The primary function of holes in steel beams is to reduce the weight of
> the beam while still maintaining its strength. This is especially
> important in long-spanning beams, which need to be as light as possible to
> avoid putting too much stress on the supports at either end. By removing
> unnecessary material, engineers can save tons (literally) of weight without
> sacrificing the beam's ability to do its job.
>
> In addition to reducing weight, holes help distribute stress evenly
> throughout the beam. This is because steel is more robust when force is
> applied perpendicular to its grain than when pressure is applied along its
> grain. By punching out holes perpendicular to the primary axis of the
> beam, engineers can ensure that any force applied to the structure will be
> directed along its strong axis rather than along its weak axis.
>
> Conclusion:
>
> Steel beams have been used in construction for over 150 years. The first
> recorded use of steel beams in construction was in England in 1849. Since
> then, steel beams have been used in the construction of some of the world's
> most iconic structures, *including the Eiffel Tower, the Empire State
> Building, and the Golden Gate Bridge.*
>
> Holes might seem like they would weaken a steel beam, but in reality, they
> play a vital role in ensuring the structure can support a heavy load. By
> reducing weight and distributing stress more evenly throughout the beam,
> holes help ensure that a steel structure can stand up to whatever forces
> are applied.
>
> Q7 What are some of the greatest basic inventions in history?
>
> A7 History Insights-Answered by Apple2orange Wed
>
> As a massive heat wave stresses the energy grid in California and
> threatens blackouts where I live, I am grateful *for the air conditioning
> system currently cooling my house while it still can. In other words, I am
> grateful for the ingenuity of Willis Carrier.*
>
> Willis Carrier is responsible for inventing the first air conditioner.
> Carrier was born in Angola, New York in 1876. His parents were Quaker
> farmers who had a strong belief in education, and he was a bright student
> who excelled in mathematics and physics. After high school, he attended
> Cornell University, where he studied engineering.
>
> *In the early 1900s, Willis Carrier was working as an engineer at a
> printing company in Brooklyn, New York. One day, he was called to solve a
> problem: the humidity was wreaking havoc on the company's printing presses,
> causing the ink to run.*
>
> While designing a system to dehumidify the air, *Carrier discovered that
> he could cool the air by passing it through a series of coils filled with
> cool water*.
>
> *Carrier's air conditioner was originally designed for industrial use, but
> it was quickly adopted for use in homes and office buildings.* Carrier
> continued to improve his invention, and by the mid-20th century, air
> conditioning was a common feature in buildings all over the world.
>
> Today, air conditioning is an essential part of life in many parts of the
> world, and we have Willis Carrier to thank for staying cool on a hot summer
> day.
>
> My note- Good information.
>
> Q8 Why do some animals only have one baby while others can have
> many at once?
>
> A8 Claire Jordan, Degree in biology and folklore; programmer,
> shop owner, secretary on newspaper Wed
>
> There are two extreme reproductive strategies known as being *K-selected
> or r-selected*, although many species are somewhere in between.
>
> *K is some measure of the available energy in the ecosystem, although I
> don’t know exactly what. K-selected species such as humans and horses have
> a small number of offspring*, controlled by the amount of food available
> to support them, and they invest a huge amount of effort in each offspring,
> as each offspring represents a major portion of the patents’ genetic
> future.
>
> *The advantage of this system is that it’s parsimonious: there’s no
> wasting of energy on surplus young with no future.*
>
> *r is the rate of reproduction. r-selected species, such as rats or most
> fish, produce a huge number of offspring in a scattergun approach, even
> though* only a small number of those offspring will survive, and invest
> little effort in any given offspring because there are always more where
> that came from. The advantages of this are that if you are low in the food
> chain and most of your offspring are going to get eaten before they can
> breed, having a lot maximises the chance that a few will get through; and
> if there’s a sudden increase in available food, there are already plenty of
> your half-starved surplus young right there ready to exploit it. You don’t
> have to wait to produce more offspring before you can exploit the increased
> resource, with the risk that it will already have been used up before the
> new youngsters are born or hatched.
>
> Q9 What is a detonator in railways? How important are they?
>
> A9 Subhasis Dutta Roy,Working in Indian Railways at Indian
> Railways (2001–present)Updated 1y
>
> *During the fog you must have heard a sound of brust crackers on line when
> entering Station*. That sound is a system Signal of Indian Railways. Here
> you get the details of those signals. It is very important signal in
> Railway in view of safety. It has three types of use. *It also called
> detonator signals.*
>
> Here is pic how detonator look and placed in Railway track
>
> *1st in during fog*. If fog weather notice is circulated in some sections
> then two fog signals are placed on railway track, one is 270 meter and 2nd
> one 280 meter before from inner distance signal to warn Loco Pilot about
> signals. *When two fog signals burst 10 meter apart during fog Loco Pilot
> is aware that inner distance signal is next 270 meter*. From inner
> distance signal you get idea the aspect of your home signal. In some case
> these two signals placed before home signal in same manner.
>
> *2nd during any abnormal condition**. If by any* means a train is
> involved in an accident and adjacent line is blocked then Loco Pilot/ALP of
> that train put the detonator signals on the track adjacent to his track in
> opposite directions to avoid the next accident. ALP of that train should
> go forward and placed total 4 detonator signals in opposite directions of
> line . In this case distance are 600 meter, then again 600 meter and 10
> meter and 10 meter total 4 detonators are to be placed on the opposite
> direction track from the Loco of that train. Counting of distance can done
> by counting of Electric pole. In straight line Electric pole are placed 72
> meter apart. If by any means ALP can not reach that particular distance
> then he will put only one detonator on track as far he may reached. When
> opposite direction train burst two detonators 10 meter apart he must
> control his train for any abnormalities. Thus next accident will save. If
> only one detonator burst it is indicate that the place of accident is very
> neat. He then apply Emergency brake of his train rain.
>
> *3rd during PWI working on line*. It placing system is same as above.
> Difference only two red flags should be put on line before that working
> place. These flags called banner flag.
>
> *My note- In 1969 August or so there was an accident of one train had
> engine problem while at Perambur(near Chennai central) in the night*.
>
> The following train after 15 minutes either did not watched the red
> signals or the detonators did not burst. There was a heavy collision. Their
> was a big calamity. There was arugument signal got cleared on one side, and
> detonators did not made proper blast…..
>
> Q10 If you book Tatkal tickets (tickets booked at the last
> minute) for a train journey, are you guaranteed to get confirmed seats?
>
> A10 D S P CHANDRA SEKHAR, B.com from Andhra University Sat
>
> Tatkaal booking open one day before the departure of the trains *10–11AM
> for AC classes and 11–12 AM for sleeper classes etc*. Normally the
> tickets would exhaust within minutes for all important trains. If any
> tickets still available after those two hrs we must assume that is the
> least important train. *When the tickets over IRCTC still issue some
> Tatkaal Waitlist tickets for each class in limited numbers.* The
> confirmation guarantee very limited as people very rarely cancel their
> journey as their booking is in urgency. *Even many people don't cancel
> though their planning changed as no refund for Tatkaal tickets. Another
> problem for Tatkaal WL and PQWL -they never be placed in RAC pool. For
> them-Confirmation or Dropping only*
>
> *My note- Now with 30% tickets under thatkal and dynamic charging, and new
> refund system, the above possibility is not there, or rare. In Chennai**
> central in current reservation we get confirmed thatkal tickets for many
> trains. *
>
> *All the above QA are from Quora website on 11-09- 2022.*
>
> *Quora answers need not be 100% correct answers .*
>
> *Compiled **and posted by R. Gopala krishnan on 12-09-2022*
>
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