Q1 Dust is made of fine particles of solid matter. On Earth, it generally consists of particles in the atmosphere that come from various sources such as soil lifted by wind (an aeolian process), volcanic eruptions, and pollution. Dust in homes is composed of about 20–50% dead skin cells. The rest, and in offices, and other human environments is composed of small amounts of plant pollen, human hairs, animal fur, textile fibres, paper fibres, minerals from outdoor soil, burnt meteorite particles, and many other materials which may be found in the local environment. Atmospheric or wind-borne fugitive dust, also known as aeolian dust, comes from arid and dry regions where high velocity winds are able to remove mostly silt-sized material, deflating susceptible surfaces. This includes areas where grazing, ploughing, vehicle use, and other human behaviors have further destabilized the land, though not all source areas have been largely affected by anthropogenic impacts. One-third of the global land area is covered by dust-producing surfaces, made up of hyper-arid regions like the Sahara which covers 0.9 billion hectares, and drylands which occupy 5.2 billion hectares. Dust in the atmosphere is produced by saltation and abrasive sandblasting of sand-sized grains, and it is transported through the troposphere. This airborne dust is considered an aerosol and once in the atmosphere, it can produce strong local radiative forcing. Saharan dust, in particular, can be transported and deposited as far as the Caribbean and the Amazon basin, and may affect air temperatures, cause ocean cooling, and alter rainfall amounts. Dust kicked up by vehicles traveling on roads may make up 33% of air pollution. Road dust consists of deposits of vehicle and industrial exhaust gas, particles from tire and brake wear, dust from paved roads or potholes, and dust from construction sites. Road dust is a significant contributor to the generation and release of particulates into the atmosphere. Control of road dust is a significant challenge in urban areas, and also in other locations with high levels of vehicular traffic upon unsealed roads, such as mines and landfills. Some dust is natural, coming from rocks, soils and even space <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2021.116794>. But the DustSafe <https://www.360dustanalysis.com/> program is revealing Australian house dust can include nasties such as:trace metals <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.105125>//radioactive elements//antibiotic //esistant genes (genes that make bacteria resistant to antibiotics <https://www.newscientist.com/article/2231210-antibiotic-resistance-genes-can-be-passed-around-by-bacteria-in-dust/> )//microplastics <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117064> andperfluorinated chemicals <https://www.pfas.gov.au/> (PFAS) found in fire-fighting foams, stain and water protection for fabrics and carpets, some packaging and other sources <https://www.pfas.gov.au/about-pfas/substances>. Some estimates suggest one third of trace element contaminants <https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es9003735> in household dust originate from sources inside your home, with the rest migrating from outside via air, clothes, pets, shoes and the like. You and your pets are constantly contributing skin cells and hair <https://doi.org/10.1080/09603123.2018.1457141> to dust. Dust is also made up of decomposing insects, bits of food, plastic and soil. Intuitively, one might think having pets transporting a variety of organic contaminants including faeces into homes is somewhat gross. However, there is emerging evidence that some “filth” is beneficial as it may help your immune system and reduce allergy <https://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749(10)00907-3/fulltext> risk. Cooking, open fireplaces and smoking indoors adds very fine dust to your home along with contaminants of concern <https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/household-air-pollution-and-health>, which are associated with poor health outcomes <https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/household-air-pollution-and-health> . Individual particles of dust are a major part of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Cloud condensation nuclei are made up of tiny pieces of solid material in clouds. CCN could be a dust storm drifting through a cloud, or an updraft with dust particles in it. Water vapor in the clouds condenses, or turns to liquid, around CCN. Invisible dust is often at the center of every raindrop. “The good news is that when we take action to phase out or ban chemicals of concern, the levels in our bodies go down,” NRDC’s Singla says. She points to PBDE declines in blood and breast milk after PBDE flame retardants began to be phased out more than 10 years ago. Research from Stapleton’s lab and others’ has shown that frequent hand washing, using a vacuum with a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter to capture the smallest particles, and dusting with a damp cloth will reduce personal exposure to chemicals lurking in dust. Wood floors, which can be easily cleaned with a damp mop, are preferable to carpets, since normal vacuuming only removes about 10% of the dirt entrenched in carpet fibers and pads (*Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.* 2009, DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-0032-6_1 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0032-6_1>). xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Q3 Constipation describes infrequent bowel movements (three times a week or less according to the Rome III criteria), or those that are hard to pass. Constipation is a symptom that has a range of causes, including low levels of fibre or liquid in the diet, certain medications and structural abnormalities. (Question is in spite of fibre food, exercise and water still). 1 The gut environment, including the microbiota and its metabolites and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), is essential for health maintenance. It is considered that functional recovery treatment for masticatory dysphagia affects the composition of the gut microbiota, indicating that habitual mastication, depending on the hardness of the food, may affect the gut microbiota and environment. However, the impact of chronic powdered diet feeding 2 Feeding habits with appropriate masticatory activity and stimulation may play a key role in providing a favourable gut environment based on interactions between the gut microbiota and host immune system. 3 The gut microbiota also provides large amounts of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), mainly consisting of acetate, propionate, and *n*-butyrate, through the fermentation of dietary fiber1 <https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-18095-x#ref-CR1>,5 <https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-18095-x#ref-CR5>. SCFAs directly stimulate G-protein-coupled receptors (GPRs), such as GPR41 and GPR43, allowing for various physiological functions, such as regulation of host energy metabolism, gut immune homeostasis, and motility
4 Secondary constipation is constipation that occurs as a result of an underlying health issue or a side effect of medication use. The most common causes of secondary constipation include <https://www.aafp.org/afp/2011/0801/p299.html>: - hypothyroidism <https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/163729> // diabetes <https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323627> //diseases that affect the brain or blood vessels, such as dementia <https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/142214> // depression <https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/8933> // the use of certain medications// irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) <https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/37063> Less common <https://www.aafp.org/afp/2011/0801/p299.html#afp20110801p299-t1> causes of secondary constipation include: vitamin and mineral deficiencies // anal fissures <https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/what-is-anal-fissure-and-what-causes-it>, which are small tears in the anal tissue // nerve damage // spinal cord injuries <https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/spinal-cord-injuries> // diseases that affect the nervous system, such as Parkinson’s disease <https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323396> and multiple sclerosis <https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/37556> // colon cancer <https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/150496> Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx KR IRS 29922 On Thu, 29 Sept 2022 at 07:27, 'gopala krishnan' via iyer123 < [email protected]> wrote: > *CULTURAL QA 09-2022-30* > > *BEING A COMPILATION THERE MAY BE ERRORS* > > Q1 Why does my house get so dusty even though I clean regularly? > > A1 Gopala Krishnan, Former Assistant General Manager 1996-2004 > at Department of Telecom (1966–2004)Just now > > *You have not mentioned where your home is located. I clean regularly- > Does it mean you clean yourself or cleaned employing cleaners?* > > In India most areas having hot climate and dusty wind. > > Door frames, window frames, grill work, door and pillow panes are at least *to > be cleaned once a week with wet cloth, if necessary applying cleaning > liquid like DOMEX.* Walls are to be cleaned inside and outside with > skilled workers at least once in two months. *Below the switch boxes at > least every week. *Platforms for kitchen and work area daily and interior > doors once a week. > > *With all efforts, 100% perfection is not possible in any home*. Some > work can be done by members of family, *depending on their age and > aptitude.* However wall cleaning and terrace cleaning etc can be carried > out by *painting staff, while free better than others. *They are to be > paid through nose, since they are painters. > > Q2 What are the advantages and disadvantages of travelling by > bus or train from Bangalore to Chennai? > > A2 Sathyan Ak, Software Programmer Interested in Non IT Topics > Sun > > Here it is > > Bus:- > > Tickets are easily available. You have a choice of the state owned KSRTC > buses which provide high quality Multi Axle Volvos at a decent fare. TN’s > state owned SETC also provide AC buses at a much cheaper fare. > > There are private buses also available and there are many convenient pick > up points in the city like Madivala, Shantinagar, Bommanahalli, E City, > Chandapura etc. There are buses available almost round the clock to cater > your suitable timings. *The road to Chennai is a very well laid one and > thus the journey is going to be very comfortable.* > > Pros:- > > Easy availability of tickets. Convenient pick up and drop points > > Cons:- > > Expensive.At times your bus can get caught in the wretched Bangalore > traffic. > > Trains:- > > Tickets may be hard to get and you will need an advance reservation. There > are many trains and the fares can be very cheap if you travel sitting or in > sleeper class. There are also premium ones like the Shatabdi Express. > > Pros:- > > Cheap and comfortable especially during the night journey > > Cons:- > > Need advance planning. *Railway stations are at times hard to reach > depending on where you live.* > > *My note- If the journey is in the morning by Satabdi etc, Ola, uber etc > are unreliable. Taxis from travel agencies is best-* > > Q3 Why is it that I experience constipation even when I > exercise daily, eat food high in fiber and cut down the amount of food I > take in a day? > > A3 Liang-Hai Sie, Retired general internist, former intensive > care physician. Sep 20 > > *We need 20 - 30 grams of dietary fibre a day, most* so called fiber rich > foods don’t contain that much, especially *if you cut down on the amount > of food you take, therefore people trying to eat less e.g. to lose weight > are often constipated*; so to make sure I recommend all my patients to > supplement food fibres in their diet, by e.g. taking 4 tablespoonsful of > broken flaxseed/linseed with water a day, alternately you buy OTC psyllum > husk, 15 grams a days in a large glass of water will do fine. > > *MY NOTE- Certain medications also create constipation inspite of > consuming fibre rich spinaches and drinking 2.5 litres of water.* > > Q4 Why do we get electric shocks when touching certain things, > but not others? > > A4 Gopala Krishnan, Former Assistant General Manager 1996-2004 > at Department of Telecom (1966–2004)Just now > > It can be static electricity. It can also be felt by leakage of current. > > *Static electricity appears after rain and lightning in door handles, > window handles etc*. To avoid this handles are made spherical which can > be seen in many flats which rise to 10–15 floors or more. > > Leakage current is found in concealed wiring where insulation becomes weak > by drilling holes close to it. When walls become wet , it is experienced > on walls lightly and on water taps etc. more. > > When water heater coils in bathroom becomes low in insulation it will be > felt in wet grinders, washing machines etc in metal parts. Immediately > heater coil has to be replaced to avoid major shocks. > > *Electrical wiring has to be periodically tested for* low insulation > periodically or when felt slightly. Engineers will replace the weak wire, > without damaging walls. > > Q5 Why does Bengaluru have such a nice climate whereas in > Chennai it is hot/humid when both are at the same latitude and 300km apart? > > A5 Anil Kumar K, Bangalorean Sep 8 > > *Your assumption is completely wrong. Your assumption is that cities on > the same latitude have similar weather*. Nothing can be far from the > truth. > > A latitude is just a number. It shows the horizontal level/position, > especially useful for determining how far or close it is to the equator. > > True, both these cities have the same latitude, but they are at very > different heights and located within different environments: > > Chennai: Close to the Bay of Bengal(Indian Ocean*), altitude: 6.7 meters* > above sea level. > > *Bangalore/Bengaluru*: Situated at the centre of landmass, almost > equidistant from both the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. *Altitude: > 920 meters.* > > Compare Bangalore’s height to Tirumala, which is known for its cool > climate: 976 meters. So it is almost there. *Bangalore has a similar > climate to Tirumala (the religious place which is at a different latitude), > *because of the height as well as the environs. Bangalore is not a city > that suddenly rises in height. There is a large plateau on which it > sits(called Mysore Plateau”), with little variation in height. > > *Being located in the central part of the Southern peninsula means it gets > the advantage of 2 monsoons*: From the west(cyclones originating from the > Arabian Sea) as well from the east(cyclones from the Bay of Bengal). *The > only question here is “will it be able to handle the rains?”.* This > question is being answered right now by an emphatic “no” because of several > reasons, which need a different topic. > > Q6 How do London Underground trains travel? > > A6 Kevin Thorpe, Tue > > *Nowadays they are all electric*. There are power rails beside and > between the running rails that provide power. *It’s a really bad idea to > trespass on underground track*, or to stand on the platform and wee on to > it as some, now dead drunk found out a few years ago. > > But back in the day they had specialist steam engines that reduced the > amount of steam, look up condensing steam locomotives and then released it > at venting points. Some of those points still exist and are fronted by fake > buildings. Look up Leinster Gardens. > > Q7 Why is there water around the air conditioner? > > A7 First answer- Nishant Nischal,Blogger and Content Writer Sun > > *It’s because of moisture condensation along the evaporator coil*. Cold > refrigerant moves through the evaporator coil, which draws heat from the > air to cool it down for the rest of the house. *As the refrigerant > evaporates in the coil, it also causes moisture in the air to condense > along the coil.* > > That moisture comes out as water from the AC. It is completely safe to > use. You can use that water for plants and also for cleaning purposes etc. > > *Source - Geohomecorfu.com* > > 2nd answer -Jandhyala Akshay Kumar,Studied at Sanghamitra School7y > > That's a very good question, to answer that let me take a small moment to > explain how an AC works. Its pretty simple, in the AC unit we have a liquid > called a refrigerant (which is basically very cold in liquid state ). *The > refrigerant is circulated in pipes. So what your AC does is, it takes the > hot air from your room, passes it over the pipes in which refrigerant > flows, now the heat from air is taken by the refrigerant liquid and the air > is cooled.* > > *Now, air contains moisture and this moisture condenses as the air cools. > Its something we see everyday, take a glass of ice water* > > We can see water droplets condense on the surface of the glass. > > And the same thing happens in an AC, the cold glass is replaced by pipes > containing very cold refrigerant, so when air passes over these pipes, > water droplets condense over the surface of these pipes. *The water > condensed on the pipes is then sent out using drain tube and that's the > water you see.* > > *My note- The condenced water can be very less if the AC unit comes under > the tree branches or in an open space. Also if the refregerent is less.* > > Q8 Is it safe to travel in sleeper coaches of Indian Railways > at night time, especially for women travelers alone? What precautions > should be taken while travelling on these coaches at night time? > > A8 Prashant Tiwari, Indian Railways Enthusiast Aug 28 > > Travelling in a non-ac sleeper class of Indian railways brings *some > challenges especially for solo travellers.* > > Passenger’s safety is not a concern but there are some precautions which > can be taken during a solo travel in non-ac sleeper class: > > 1. Always opt for a upper berth especially when it is an overnight journey. > > Why? > > *Upper berth is considered as most undisturbed berth.* You can simply > sleep whenever you want and no one will disturb you during the journey. Upper > berth is also safer than other berths for small bags like laptop bags, > office bags , purse etc. as reaching there is not that convenient & quick. > > 2. If you are a female traveller then always go for popular trains or > trains with lesser stops. > > Why? > > Popular trains are generally full and have onboard policemen who ensure > the safety & security of passengers & luggage. I know this doesn’t > mean100% safety but definitely increase the chances. > > Trains with lesser stops do not cause heavy movement of passengers in the > coach and reduces the chance of theft. > > *3. Do not carry too many small bags* > > Why? > > *Theft of a small bag is much easier than theft of a heavy trolly bag* as > it becomes easy in running with a small bag and thieves always look for > such bags. *You can also put lock on your trolly bags & small bags if > possible.* > > 4. Do not use expensive devices like tablets & laptops at railway station. > > *Thieves generally target their hunt at railway stations and using such > devices will attract them and you can be their next hunt during journey.* > > 5. Leave your berth only when train is moving at a good speed. > > Why? > > Majority of the thefts are reported when train is waiting at outer signal > or moving slowly. In a fast moving train thieves cannot jump out of the > train if caught so they generally avoid. > > You can also inform your co-passenger to keep an eye on your belongings > whenever you are going to washroom. > > *6. Do not leave your phone on berth.* > > Why? > > Whenever you leave your berth for anything, always keep your phone with > you as they are always at first target and also *phone is something which > can help you in any bad situation.* > > These are the few major points which you can keep in mind during your next > solo train journey > > *My note- A good answer. But aged solo passenger cannot get on upper > berth.* > > Q9 Is there any chemical difference in the composition of front > loading liquid detergent and top loading liquid detergent or is it just for > branding? > > A9 Prasanna Bhalerao, M. Sc. in Electronics & Physics, > Fergusson College, Pune Sep 14 > > *No. There is a definite difference and it is not just branding.* > > *As the front load machine uses much less water,* the detergents meant > for such a washing machine requires the detergent (whether powder or > liquid) to produce less suds, more powerful because *it must wash in less > water, and it shouldn't leave soap residue.* > > One shouldn't use one detergent type meant for one machine in another. > > *My note- Now detergent powder/liquid comes* stating suitable for FL and > TL machines. Quantity used must be less in FL and 75% quantity of clothes > wetted weight, mentioned in the machine > > Q10 Can you tell a few Ayurveda Doctor Tips: > > A10 Kispin's Health Care, Posted by,Kispin Marak, Sun > > Do not eat these 5 things at night, otherwise toxins will start > accumulating in the body, warned the doctor himself > > *Ayurveda Diet Tips: Dinner is very important for* body and health. > Overeating or not eating at night, both rules are wrong. There is a list of > foods that should be avoided at night as they create an imbalance in Kapha > dosha according to Ayurveda. So know which things are absolutely not right > to eat at night > > *Breakfast is said to be the most important meal of* the day. All doctors > and experts can tell the benefits of breakfast. Of course a healthy > breakfast is essential for energy and good health throughout the day, but > lunch and dinner are equally important. Worryingly, people take breakfast > lightly or skip it while having dinner at night (Ayurveda Diet Tips). > > *Although many people believe that eating anything after 7 pm can lead to > weight gain and* usually skip dinner altogether. Remember that dinner is > very important for body and health. Overeating or not eating at night, both > rules are wrong. Secondly, it is also important to take care of what you > eat at night. > > *What should not be eaten at night? According to* Ayurveda Dr. Rekha > Radhamony, some eat things like meat, chicken, curd and paratha for > dinner, which is completely wrong. > > All dieticians, including Ayurvedic experts, have long insisted that > dinner should be light, but at the same time healthy. Of course, *there > is a list of foods that should be avoided at night because they create an > imbalance in Kapha dosha according to Ayurveda.* > > Wheat > > *Wheat is considered heavy in Ayurveda. It is said* that it takes a long > time to digest. This is why eating wheat and its products at night can > increase your me ie toxic and affect the digestive system. > > *Curd-It is often seen that many people eat yogurt at night. According to > Ayurveda, yogurt increases* kapha and pitta. That is, consuming it can > cause many problems like cough, and sore throat. *You can drink > buttermilk instead.* > > Flour stuff > > *Flour is called sweet poison because it does not contain fiber and excess > consumption can cause* various problems like constipation, piles. > Digestion of starchy foods at night is also difficult. > > *Avoid eating sweet foods* > > There are many people who like to eat sweets after meals. Nowadays all > kinds of desserts or chocolates are consumed more. These are heavy items > that are difficult for the body to digest and you may be prone to mucus > build-up. > > *What are the Ayurvedic causes?* > > According to the doctor, fire is related to the digestive system and slows > down at night. Obviously, if food is not digested, toxic substances > (Ayurvedic Treatment) can accumulate in the body. It is called ama and that > is why eating such things can lead to weight gain, obesity, diabetes, skin > diseases, stomach problems, hormonal disturbances etc. > > *Disclaimer: This report is for general information only. It is in no way > a substitute for any medication* or treatment. Always consult your doctor > for more details. > > *All the above QA are from Quora website on 28-09- 2022. * > > *Quora answers need not be 100% correct answers .* > > *Compiled **and posted by R. Gopala krishnan on 29-09-2022* > > > > -- > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups > "iyer123" group. > To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an > email to [email protected]. > To view this discussion on the web visit > https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/iyer123/1455016877.1594267.1664416647984%40mail.yahoo.com > <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/iyer123/1455016877.1594267.1664416647984%40mail.yahoo.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> > . > -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Thatha_Patty" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to [email protected]. To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/thatha_patty/CAL5XZorMoLVuVru99DksZXQOJ_HoWkVA_V2F2msFaQ-CtSH-TQ%40mail.gmail.com.
