Q1      Specie is many; and each species is named separately; if so what is
meant by only one human species?; if there is another similar one, it would
have had another bane, other than human.
Q3      It could be a fun question but not the truth, since doctors know
more than the nurses.
Q7     We can learn this also in 10 seconds: https://youtu.be/SxIp8Jad_qk

Q11     Who said the tail and the appendices?. Appendicitis is a relatively
uncommon, but potentially serious, cause of abdominal pain in the primary
care setting. An accurate diagnosis is important to prevent unnecessary
surgery and avoid complications. The probability of appendicitis depends on
patient age, setting, and symptoms. A retrospective study, including three
family practice centers, identified 556 adults with abdominal pain, of whom
six (1.1 percent) were diagnosed with appendicitis. Studies of children
with abdominal pain, largely in the emergency department setting, found
that 10 to 25 percent of patients had appendicitis. In studies of patients
with abdominal pain who underwent computed tomography and ultrasonography,
31 percent of children and 40 percent of adults had appendicitis.The
percentage of patients with appendicitis ranges from 60 to 90 percent in
patients who undergo surgery. Perforation rates range from 4 to 28 percent.
*Anatomy*

The appendix is an intraperitoneal hollow outpouching of the gut which
arises from the *caecum*. It is suspended, by the mesoappendix, from the
terminal portion of the ileum and commonly sits *retrocaecally*. The
appendix is *thought to act as a reservoir for intestinal flora which
allows the gut to* replenish its microbiome after gastroenteritis, but
there are usually no long-term consequences to removing it. Although the
exact pathophysiology is unknown, the typical cause of inflammation is
*obstruction
of the opening* of the appendix, as a result of either a fecalith (hardened
stool) or lymphoid hyperplasia. Appendicitis most commonly presents in
the* second
decade of life* and there is a slight predominance in males versus females
(M:F 1.4:1). Children breastfed for less than six months and those exposed
to tobacco smoke are at an increased risk of appendicitis.



 KR   IRS  11222


On Thu, 1 Dec 2022 at 10:51, 'gopala krishnan' via iyer123 <
[email protected]> wrote:

> *CULTURAL QA 12-2022-**01*
>
> *BEING  A COMPILATION THERE MAY  BE ERRORS*
>
> *Q1           Why is there only one type of human species on earth?*
>
> A1           Claire Jordan, Degree in biology and folklore; programmer,
> shop owner, secretary on newspaper Mon
>
> Humans travel a lot. Once we started to journey long distances, and to
> build boats, *modern man met and interbred with closely related human
> species such as Neanderthals and absorbed them into the whole.* Those we
> couldn’t interbreed with we probably killed off, either directly or by
> competition. *After that, the fact that we kept on moving and mixing
> prevented any human groups from remaining genetically isolated long enough
> to develop into separate species*.
>
> *Q2           What is the largest railway platform in the world?*
>
> A2           Gaurav Kshetri, Former Boxer at Sports Authority of India Mon
>
> *Hubbali Railway Station in karnataka is the world's largest railway
> platform with a total length of 1505* mt. in platform 1. It comes under
> Hubbali Division of South Western Railway.
>
> *Gorakhpur Junction Railway station is at second place with 1366.33mt.*
>
> *Q3           What are some things that nurses know that doctors don't
> know?*
>
> A3           Alex G R Ortiz, 3rd Year Pediatrics Resident (2016–present)5y
>
> I'm going to write about what I've seen in my hospital. *The top 5 things
> nurses know and doctors don't have a clue.*
>
> 1.- How to dilute antibiotics and how fast you're going to IV drip them.
>
> 2.- Drug concentrations; like Ceftriaxone IV is 1g/10ml and 500mg/5ml but
> IM is 1g/5ml and 500mg/3ml.
>
> 3.- How to save an IV line when the pump shows “pressure”, so that you
> don't need to get a new venous access.
>
> 4.- Perfect and tidy “Rosiere”, security sheets, soft restraints
>
> 5.- Patient and family home cares, lactation education, fall and burns
> prevention program and much more
>
> *Thank God for giving us nurses, cause without them we (doctors) will be
> lost.*
>
> Q4           Where should a water heater expansion tank be installed?
>
> A4           David Thomas, Professional Engineer, Civil, Alaska Apr 21
>
> *Adjacent to the water heater with no pressure-regulating or check valves
> separating it from the water heater*.
>
> Water must move freely in both directions between the water heater and the
> expansion tank and a check valve obviously prevents flow in one direction.
> What isn’t obvious to some people is that a pressure regulator - as some
> homes have on their incoming water service line - also functions as check
> valve and can therefore can trap water downstream and allow very high
> pressures to develop when cold water that refilled the water heater be
> heated without any water use.
>
> *In some homes, the water utility serves as a your expansion tank*.
> Lacking any check valves, back-flow preventers or pressure regulators, the
> few cups of excess volume simply expands backwards towards the water
> service lines, but it would be beyond most homeowners to reliably discern
> if that is the case at their house.
>
> Q5           What is Molli ?
>
> A5           Wonders of the Past ·Posted by Rebecca Nov 15
>
> *Molli is the nickname of the Mecklenburgische Bäderbahn Molli train*
> which runs on 900 mm gauge from *Bad Doberan to Heiligendamm, the oldest
> narrow gauge railway on the Baltic coast.*
>
> *Molli started its life in 1886 and is one of the few steam trains in
> regular use that while within city limits it runs on city streets like a
> tram.*
>
> Q6           What is the full form of LC in railways?
>
> A6           Gyan Zunction, RAILFAN Nov 24
>
> Indian Railways is one of the largest Railway systems of the world which
> spreads across over 64,000 route kilometers, and is fully owned and
> operated by, Government of India*. There are 31846 level crossings (LC)
> on Indian Railways, out of which 18316 are manned and 13530 are unmanned
> level crossings.*
>
> Q7           What can I learn right now in 10 seconds that will be useful
> for the rest of my life?
>
> A7           Shaunak Bhattacharjeee, Software Engineer | Traveller |
> Foodie Sat
>
> *There's a new type of scam that's going around. A* colleague of my dad
> fell prey to this a few weeks back and just the other day, I saw this being
> shared on a popular national TV channel. So I thought of sharing this over
> here if this saves another person from being a victim of this scam.
>
> *Nowadays, online delivery has become a common thing and these scamsters
> are taking advantage of it.* There's a delivery guy who would come to
> your doorstep pretending to have a parcel from Amazon or Flipkart or a
> similar leading e-commerce site. The order would be cash on delivery and
> they would ask for cash. *Now, you haven't placed any orders, so you
> refuse to take that parcel. The delivery guy says that's not a proble*m.
>
> *They call up the customer care number, who is actually his accomplice,
> and ask the customer to talk to the person.*
>
> The guy at the other end, pretending to be from customer care, *tells the
> customer that they will cancel your order but they will need a verification
> code sent to your phone*. That verification code is nothing but an OTP
> sent against your card.
>
> The moment you share that OTP aka verification code, your bank account
> will be emptied.
>
> The scammer already has your card details and your mobile number. What
> they do is, they make an online transaction through your card and send an
> OTP. People are aware of not sharing any kind of OTP, so they say it's a
> verification code and gullible people fall prey to it and, in doing so,
> become a victim to this scam.
>
> If such a thing happens to you, simply refuse to take the order. Never
> share any OTP or verification code of any manner with anyone. Do share
> this with your elderly relatives who may not be aware of this scam and
> might unknowingly share the OTP with the scammer.
>
> *My note- I hope this QA is very useful*
>
> Q8           How many days after the expiry date is wheat bread safe to
> eat?
>
> A8           Mats Andersson, B. Sc, M. Sc from Uppsala University Nov 24
>
> *Bread is perfectly safe to eat unless there is mould on it. This is
> unlikely to happen until several days after the expiry date*, although in
> moist and hot conditions, it might even happen before the expiry date.
>
> Mind you, some mould can look exactly like flour unless you look closely,
> so do check.
>
> I once had a loaf of bread that was perfectly good to eat six weeks after
> the expiry date. Although tbh, I have never dared to buy that brand
> again; they must have filled it with some dreadful cocktail of chemicals
> to make it totally unpalatable to mould.
>
> *My note- In general one should purchase a bread,* the date of
> manufacturing is on the same day. 3-4 days it can be used. Better after
> expiry day throw it to waste bin
>
> Q9           What are the travel opportunities for an Indian railway
> officer?
>
> A9           ALEKH CHANDRA BEHERA,Associate Director at UBS Investment
> Bank (2020–present)7h
>
> This ensures financial security for the family. *Employees and their
> families get free rail passes to travel to any part of India*. Railway
> jobs are recession proof. They can book the tickets to travel anywhere in
> the India. *Depending on the rank of railway officers, they can get 3/2/1
> tier AC tickets free for themselves and their family.*
>
> *My note- If my information is correct, during service three passes are
> given, and after retirement it is reduced to one. My late elder brother was
> in railways.*
>
> Q10         What are the names of some railway stations in India that
> have been renamed recently? Why were they changed, and what are their new
> names?
>
> A10         Mukesh Rai, Knows Hindi 2h
>
> *Some of the important railways station name changed are as follows:*
>
> Faizabad Railway Station railway, station in Uttar Pradesh has been
> changed to Ayodhya Cantt.
>
> Miyan ka Bada Railway station, Rajasthan name has changed to Mahesh Nagar
> railways station.
>
> Habibganj railway Station in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh is changed in the
> name of Rani Kamlapati railway station.
>
> Manduadih railway station in Uttar Pradesh will now be called Banaras
> railway station.
>
> Kevadiya railway station in Gujarat name change to Ekta railway station.
>
> *Hubballi Railways Station, Karnataka which will* have the largest
> platform of the world name also has been changed to Siddharoodha Swami
> Station.
>
> Q11         Why did our ancestors evolve to lose their tails, yet their
> appendices and other organs remained, even though they are seemingly less
> useful?
>
> A11         Claire Jordan, Degree in biology and folklore; programmer,
> shop owner, secretary on newspaper Mon
>
> Apes lost their tails because early apes were brachiators (swinging from
> hand to hand under branches), so tails just got in the way. And *our
> appendix is actually of some use in the immune and digestive systems.*
>
> Q12         What is the difference between a DNB and an MD doctor? What
> are the pros and cons of being a DNB doctor, especially in India?
>
> A12         Puspen Dasgupta, Worked at IPGME&R and SSKM Hospital, Kolkata
> Updated 11h
>
> In practical terms, there is no difference. Both can treat patients
> equally well and can possess equivalent skills/knowledge. Till about
> 2016, getting teaching jobs in medical colleges was slightly more difficult
> for DNB doctors but with the new NMC guidelines, I think that difference
> has also been obliterated.
>
> *However, it still remains a choice for every doctor whether to choose DNB
> or MD/MS, so I will list, what* I feel, are the pros and cons of taking
> DNB. I hope it will help you make a decision.
>
> Pros:
>
> No mandatory indemnity bond following post graduation. It takes a lot of
> years to become a specialist doctor. *I do not support forcing any doctor
> to work in a place against his/her wishes as it is not likely to benefit
> anyone.*
>
> Common final exam all over India conducted by national board of
> examinations. This ensures there is uniformity in the preparation of the
> Examinees and consequently, *DNB doctors have slightly more pan-india
> acceptance than MD/MS doctors.*
>
> The exit exam is reputedly more difficult to pass, so knowledge base of
> DNB doctors tends to be better, although there are many exceptions to this
> rule.
>
> If taught in a corporate setting or a big hospital, generally treatment
> follows the latest guidelines and technology, which helps DNB doctors be
> more up to date with modern practices in comparison with an MD/MS doctor who
> might be working in a government medical college in a less developed part
> of the country.
>
> Cons:
>
> *In surgical branches, hands-on training is reputedly much worse compared
> to MS courses.*
>
> If pursued in a hospital with low patient load, learning how to treat a
> variety of pathologies would be difficult.
>
> *Exit exam being difficult to pass might cause a lot of added anxiety.*
>
> *To non-medicos and to some old fashioned people, MD/MS is a more familiar
> postgraduate degree and that might cause a little bit of awkwardness for
> DNB doctors in social circles.*
>
> *My note- This DNB  slightly above or equal to MD/MS for doctors is a new
> information to me*
>
> Q13         How do airplanes get from factories to airports?
>
> A13         Andrew McGregor, Performance Measurement Lead at Fastly
> (company) (2019–present)1h
>
> Big airplanes are flown to where the buyer wants them, *often by a crew
> that specialises in doing this* (because it might involve longer flights
> than the plane can normally do, sometimes with extra fuel tanks).
>
> *Small planes, they might do the same, or they might be partially
> disassembled, put in a container, and shipped just like anything else, to a
> workshop that can put them back together.*
>
> *The very biggest, longest range planes, the buyer typically just sends a
> crew to collect the new plane.* They can fly almost anywhere with their
> normal setup, so it's not any more difficult than a normal flight.
>
> Q14         Do airlines compensate doctors for assisting during an
> emergency? For example, if a doctor says that a flight no longer needs to
> be diverted because of a passenger’s condition, can the doctor get
> compensation for preventing that?
>
> A14         Tiny Nair, Cardiologist at PRS Hospital, Trivandrum Updated 5y
>
> *I was flying Dubai to New York in a triple 7. About 3 hours prior to
> landing there was an emergency call for a doctor in the PA.*
>
>  I was travelling business, I informed the flight attendant that *I am a
> cardiologist, to reinforce that I have not taken delivery for 2 decades in
> my practice*. I was accompanied to the last row of economy *where I found
> a young white lady with breathing difficulty*. It was a case of acute
> pulmonary embolism (blood clot going to the lungs). Fortunately she had a
> small embolism clinically and we started giving her oxygen, putting her on
> the floor. I was surprised that I was given a Stethoscope, a BP apparatus
> and a medical kit. The attendants were very helpful. At that time an FA
> handed me a sat phone connecting to a doctor at NY. *He started
> interviewing me as to whether I am a doctor of modern medicine, do I carry
> my registration certificate with me etc., I wanted to remind him that no
> doctor carries with him a registration paper esp when he is travelling for
> a holiday with his daughter*!! Instead, I told him that this is a case of
> acute pulmonary embolism and threw some complicated medical jargon to
> convince him that I am really a doctor.
>
> Any way *we were given preferential early landing at JFK and the 911 team
> in yellow jackets came and took her away.* She survived the flight, I
> think she is ok somewhere reading “Quora”. I was asked to fill up a
> medical form and hand over my business card.
>
> Thats it. No thank you, No nothing. Stood in the long queue at immigration
> before I caught my connection to Toronto.
>
> A thank you e-mail or an upgrade has NOT come yet in the last 2 years. May
> be they are waiting to surprise me on my 60th birthday!!
>
> *All the above QA are from  Quora  website  on   30-11-2022*
>
> *Quora answers need not be 100% correct answers .*
>
> *Compiled **and posted by R. Gopala Krishnan, former ITS, 79 years,  on
> 01-12-2022*
>
>
>
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