Q3 Many times, I do not understand how a question is framed, and what
is the central theme of the answer at all. Hentriette Lacke is not at all
forgotten. The cell is named after her "HELA''. Statue of her is in
front of Hopkins inst. And she did not do anything except she came to that
Hospital for cervical cancer. She died in 1951. The science is perplexed to
know why her cells of cancer are even today going on multiplying ,each cell
in 20 to 24 hrs?. Those diseased cells are injected into mices, to create
cancer, and test the medicines found. I do not know whether, like Corona, ,
these cells get into all over the earth, then cervical cancer can be
universal. Mutation can occur only in a system; experimentally, from space
or air, mutation can be tried to be induced; but maximum 50 times the cell,
getting mutated, may survive. But here it is strange, >61 years of
generating mutations. But Madam curie is a fig forgotten. Gandhi is
forgotten, So many good people are all forgotten.
Q4 Nth time. Only change is today Japan; maybe tomorrow India; day
after Britain etc etc. As far as the science knowledge goes , it is
believed that 10 number EQ cannot occur. But no one knows till it happen.
However, as Turkey is aa place, California is another , so Chile is. "Largest
earthquake in history happened in Chile 3,800 years ago, study finds
TORONTO (CTV Network
<https://www.ctvnews.ca/sci-tech/largest-earthquake-in-history-happened-in-chile-3-800-years-ago-study-finds-1.5867024>)
— A new study has found evidence that the largest earthquake in history may
have been a 9.5 magnitude Chilean quake that happened nearly four millennia
ago.
Researchers from Chile, the United Kingdom, Australia and France say this
earthquake took place 3,800 years ago in the Atacama Desert, located in
present-day northern Chile, and created tsunamis that affected coasts as
far away as New Zealand and possibly Japan.
According to the study, the strength of the ancient earthquake rivals the
1960 quake in Valdivia, located in southern Chile.
The Valdivia quake was estimated to have a magnitude between 9.4 to 9.6,
making it the most powerful earthquake recorded. However, that earthquake
had a rupture of 800 kilometres in length. This newly discovered earthquake
in the Atacama Desert is estimated to have extended 1,000 kilometres.
“It had been thought that there could not be an event of that size in the
north of the country simply because you could not get a long enough
rupture,” said James Goff, study co-author and University of Southampton
visiting professor, in a press release. “But we have now found evidence of
a rupture that’s about 1,000 kilometres long just off the Atacama Desert
coast and that is massive.”
The researchers found large deposits of shoreline rocks deep inland,
pointing to evidence of a massive tsunami. They also found ocean sediments,
as well as remains of marine life that would have been swept into the
desert by a tsunami.
“The Atacama Desert is one of the driest, most hostile environments in the
world and finding evidence of tsunamis there has always been difficult,”
said Goff in the release.
“However, we found evidence of marine sediments and a lot of beasties that
would have been living quietly in the sea before being thrown inland. And
we found all these very high up and a long way inland so it could not have
been a storm that put them there,” he added.
Researchers say the earthquake and the ensuing tsunami caused “exceptional
social disruption” to the hunter-gather-fisher societies that were living
there at the time.
“The local population there were left with nothing,” Goff said. “Our
archeological work found that a huge social upheaval followed as
communities moved inland beyond the reach of tsunamis.”
Goff said the people of the Atacama Desert didn’t return to the coast until
more than a thousand years after the quake.
“It is likely that traditions handed down from generation to generation
bolstered this resilient behaviour, although we will never know for sure,”
he said.
On the other side of the South Pacific Ocean, researchers also found
evidence in New Zealand that the tsunami may have thrown car-sized boulders
hundreds of metres inland.
“In New Zealand, we said that those boulders could only have been moved by
a tsunami from northern Chile and it would need to be something like a 9.5
magnitude earthquake to generate it. And now we have found it,” Goff said.
The researchers hope their findings will provide better understanding on
the impacts of extreme earthquakes and underscore the importance of
learning how to build a society that is resilient to such natural disasters.
“This is the oldest example we have found in the Southern Hemisphere where
an earthquake and tsunami had such a catastrophic impact on people’s lives,
there is much to learn from this,” Goff said. “When such an event occurs
next time, the consequences could be catastrophic unless we learn from
these findings.”
4000 years ago in the same country EQ occurred and the
devastation was from chile to Newzealand. 1960 was a short distance. Nature
does not play the dice.
Q9 ABSENCE OF EVIDENCE IS NOT THE LACK OF EVIDENCE. dID EINSTEIN
ANYWHERE WROTE, WHAT ARE HIS THINKING IN ORDER AND WHAT LEAD TO FIND THE
THEORY OF RELATIVITY. EXCEPT MATT NO ONE ELSE WILL RECORD. AND SUCH USELESS
LONG REBUTTAL IS READ BY THE COPY WRITE.
q12 wHY aYODHYA, kURUKKHETRA, Mathura are all abandoned?. KR IRS 20223
On Mon, 20 Feb 2023 at 04:49, 'gopala krishnan' via iyer123 <
[email protected]> wrote:
> *CULTURAL QA 02-2023-**17*
>
> *BEING A COMPILATION THERE MAY BE ERRORS*
>
> Q1 How do you drain water from an air conditioner when it leaks
> and puddles on your floor?
>
> A1 Gopala Krishnan, Former Assistant General Manager 1996-2004
> at Department of Telecom (1966–2004)Just now
>
> I am writing from Chennai, India. In many flats Compressor unit is fitted
> in portico and indoor unit in room. The outlet pipe is extended further and
> *the
> liquid draining is collected in a bucket. *In the morning it is poured in
> the outlet of bathroom or toilet or kitchen sink. This way portico is
> kept neat. In homes, *mostly we extend outlet pipe to ground soil where
> ever possible.* Otherwise if it falls to cemented/ tiled area around
> home, periodically *bleaching powder is sprinkled* and the slipping
> liquid or any growth in it is washed.
>
> Q2 When an airliner is coming in for a landing, why does the
> airliner lower their landing gear at 10-15 miles from the airport?
>
> A2 Ben Bakker,Knows German Feb 12Arvin Abdollahzadeh, Updated
> 2y
>
> Excellent question.
>
> *The landing gear is lowered when passing anything between 3000 and 2100
> feet.*
>
> *Following the 3:1 ratio in aviation, which states that for every 3
> nautical miles you should descend 1000ft from your top of descent, in order
> to maintain a plausible descent and comfort,* the aircraft you saw would
> be about 9–10 miles out, if not less, when it lowered the gear.
>
> *The 3:1 ratio is significant during the approach, as the standard
> glideslope if not otherwise specified is* 3 degrees, meaning that the
> aircraft is descending at that slope relative to flat horizon. Of course
> this ratio varies based on airline Standard Operating Procedure as well as
> other factors such as weather conditions.
>
> Why is it done at that altitude?
>
> *It is done in that block of altitudes as part of the landing checklist.
> Usually, aircraft ‘establish’ with the glideslope,* meaning they are
> fully aligned with the path to the runway, at these altitudes. This is when
> the landing checklist primarily is undertaken.
>
> Q3 Who is the greatest person that history has forgotten?
>
> A2`Knowledge & Wisdom ·,Posted by Yashika Sharma6h Originally Alex
> Foster,Self taught myself history. Updated 3y
>
> This lady’s death saved literally billions of people from becoming
> crippled, limbless and dead.
>
> In 1951 Henrietta Lacks, a poor African American farmer and mother to five
> visited The Johns Hopkins Hospital, one of the few places in Maryland
> willing to treat African American patients. Henrietta Lacks complained to
> the doctors about random bleedings and pain in her groin and how she was
> worried it was going to affect her work.
>
> *Upon examination by gynecologist Dr. Howard Jones, the doctors found a
> massive malignant tumor on her cervix*, because of this Henrietta started
> undergoing radium treatments for her cervical cancer (which back then was
> the best medical treatment available for this terrible disease).
>
> *Alongside the treatment, a sample of her cancer cells was sent to Dr.
> George Gey's nearby tissue lab*. For years, Dr. Gey, a cancer and virus
> researcher, had been collecting cells from patients who came to The Johns
> Hopkins Hospital with cervical cancer, but each sample taken quickly died
> in Dr. Gey’s lab, all apart from Henrietta Lacks. *Henrietta Lacks cells
> did not die, in fact they would replicate every 24 hours.*
>
> *This was an amazing medical breakthrough, for decades whenever anyone
> tried to experiment on* human cells to find a cure for a disease they
> would simply die within hours, but with Henrietta Lacks cells, they
> survived and could grow again and again meaning that there was now nearly
> an infinite amount of these perfect cells alive if used correctly.
>
> The first things these cells were tested on was polio, and instead of
> dying straight away like most cells they survived. This allowed
> scientists to experiment on Henrietta cells until they found a vaccine for
> one of the biggest children killers of the early 20th century, polio.
>
> *Curing polio was only the beginning of Henrietta Lacks cells career, by
> the end of the century her* cells were used to create the first
> human-animal hybrids in 1965, Human Papillomavirus vaccines (also saving
> millions of lives), better hygiene improvements and better understanding of
> cells in general. Today scientists have grown as much as 50 million metric
> tons of her cells and they are being used to find cures/vaccines to things
> such as ebola, cancer and Typhoid.
>
> *Henrietta Lacks unfortunately never found out about her contribution to
> science as she died only* a couple of weeks after her treatment, her
> cells were also taken without her knowledge and her family only found out
> about what she did for medicine and science 20 years later.
>
> Q4 Would earthquake-proof buildings in Japan withstand an
> extreme 9.5 earthquake?
>
> A4 Saran,Planing,Designing & Quanity Survey Engineer
> (2014–present)18h
>
> *It's important to note that an earthquake with a magnitude of 9.5 is
> extremely rare* . The strongest earthquake ever recorded was the 1960
> Chile earthquake, which had a magnitude of 9.5. *So it's difficult to say
> whether an earthquake-proof building in Japan would withstand an extreme
> 9.5 earthquake, as we have no real-world examples to draw from.*
>
> That being said, Japan is known for having some of the most advanced
> earthquake-resistant buildings in the world. The country is located in a
> seismically active zone, and as a result, Japanese architects, engineers,
> and builders have developed sophisticated techniques to design and
> construct buildings that can withstand strong earthquakes.
>
> Japanese buildings are designed with a variety of features that make them
> more earthquake-resistant, including:
>
> Base Isolation: Buildings in Japan often use base isolation technology,
> which involves separating the building from the ground by placing rubber or
> spring bearings between the building and its foundation. This helps to
> absorb the energy from an earthquake and reduce the movement of the
> building.
>
> Structural Design: Buildings in Japan are designed with a reinforced
> concrete or steel frame structure that can resist strong shaking and
> deformations caused by an earthquake. The frames are also designed to
> redistribute the load of the building during an earthquake to prevent
> collapse.
>
> Dampers: Dampers are installed in buildings to absorb energy and reduce
> the impact of an earthquake. These can be installed in various locations,
> including the walls, floors, and roofs of a building.
>
> Regular Maintenance: Japanese buildings undergo regular inspections and
> maintenance to ensure that they remain in good condition and are able to
> withstand earthquakes. This includes retrofitting older buildings to make
> them more earthquake-resistant.
>
> While it's impossible to say whether a building in Japan would withstand
> an extreme 9.5 earthquake, it's clear that Japan has developed some of the
> most advanced earthquake-resistant technologies in the world. These
> techniques have been tested in real-world earthquakes, and many buildings
> have been able to withstand even very strong shaking. However, in the event
> of an extremely rare and powerful earthquake such as a 9.5, it's difficult
> to say with certainty how well any building would fare.
>
> Q5 Why is my split AC not dripping water outside?
>
> A5 C.S. Reddy, Lives in Hyderabad, Telangana, India Updated 4y
>
> *In the first place check if the cooling is taking place . if its
> happening properly then the condensed water must be just collecting and
> spreading in the unit itself due improper connection between collector box
> and outlet drain pipe*.
>
> Q6 What is the salary of a running train driver in Indian
> Railways, and how do they live while on duty?
>
>
>
> A6 raghav Choudhary,Works at Bihar Sikcha Pariyogna
> (2021–present)12h
>
> The salary of a running train driver in Indian Railways is based on the 7th
> Pay Commission pay scale. The basic pay of a running train driver is in
> the range of Level 7 to Level 13, which corresponds to a monthly salary
> of Rs. 44,900 to Rs. 2,25,000, depending on their experience and
> seniority.
>
> In addition to the basic pay, a running train driver is also eligible for
> other allowances such as Dearness Allowance (DA), House Rent Allowance
> (HRA), and Travel Allowance (TA), which vary depending on the location of
> the job and the nature of the duty.
>
> While on duty, running train drivers live in special accommodations
> provided by Indian Railways, such as railway colonies, rest houses, and
> running rooms. These accommodations are equipped with basic amenities
> such as beds, food, and bathroom facilities. The railways provide a safe
> and comfortable environment for the drivers and their co-workers, ensuring
> that they are well-rested and able to perform their duties safely and
> effectively.
>
> All said is fine and must. A huge amount of fare collection is paid for
> salary alone along with DA and TA by Indian railways.
>
> Q7 What are some amazing facts about airplanes?
>
> A7 Atharva Dave, Lives in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Updated 2y
>
> *1.When a plane lands at night, cabin crews will dim the interior lights
> because in the unlikely event that* the plane landing goes badly and
> passengers need to evacuate, their eyes will already be adjusted to the
> darkness.
>
> 2.Only 5% of the world’s population had ever been on an airplane till
> 2013 which drastically increased to approx. 20 percent in 2020.
>
> 3.A Boeing 747 is made up of six million parts which are made to be all
> controlled by a few pilots sitting up front with switches and buttons under
> their fingertips.
>
> 4.It is the rule that pilots must be fed the same multi-course meal given
> to those in the first and business class whilst the co-pilots are
> encouraged to eat different entrees to guard against cases of food
> poisoning.
>
> 5.Those white lines that planes leave in the sky are simply trails of
> condensation, hence their technical name of “contrails.” Plane engines
> release water vapor as part of the combustion process. When that hot water
> vapor is pumped out of the exhaust and hits the cooler air of the upper
> atmosphere, it creates those puffy white lines in the sky. It’s basically
> the same reaction as when you see your breath when it’s cold outside.
>
> *6.Environment inside an airplane actually alters the way food and drink
> tastes—sweet items tasted less* sweet, while salty flavors were
> heightened. The dry recycled air inside the plane cabin doesn’t help either
> as low humidity can further dull taste and smell making everything in a
> plane seem bland.
>
> *7.Plane doors can't actually open in mid-flight.*
>
> 8.Australian airline Qantas has never had a fatal accident involving one
> of its commercial aircrafts.
>
> 9.The fastest commercial plane flew at twice the speed of sound. It was
> the Concorde, that regularly flew over the Atlantic, and was decommissioned
> after an accident involving Concorde, in France.
>
> 10.Long-haul flights have secret bedrooms and a bathroom for flight
> attendants.
>
> 11.Living in an airplane flight path could harm your heart. Means closer
> to the airport. Individuals exposed to noise above 60 decibels on a regular
> basis—like the sound of an airplane overhead—had a 30 percent greater
> risk of dying from a heart attack than those typically exposed to noise
> levels under 45 decibels.
>
> 12.Research shows that the first 3 minutes after takeoff and the final 8
> minutes before landing are when 80% of plane crashes happen.
>
> 13.About 1 in 5 people have some form of fear of flying, or “aviophobia.”
>
> 14.If you sit at the back of an airplane, your odds of surviving a crash
> are 40% higher.
>
> 15.What that tiny hole in the airplane window does is to regulate cabin
> pressure. Most airplane windows are made up of three panels of acrylic.
> The exterior window works as you would expect—keeping the elements out and
> maintaining cabin pressure.
>
> 16.Airplanes are designed to withstand lightning strikes.
>
> My note- Though some repetition is in the answer, quite refreshing.
>
> *Q8 What is the meaning of railway sign **सी* *फा**?*
>
> A8 Ankit Barnawal,Former Student at Doon Business School,
> Dehradun (2017–2022)9h
>
> A passenger travelling by trains in Indian Railways might have observed
> this many times between the railway stations.
>
> It looks like this as seen in the above image. Now, what does this exactly
> mean ?
>
> सी फा is the hindi translation of W/L, as you can see in the above image
> on yellow board. It means 'seeti bajao/fatak'. In English, it indicates
> 'Whistle for a level crossing'. It simply instructs Loco Pilot to whistle
> as there is a level crossing ahead.
>
> सी फा - This railway symbol serves the same purpose as W/L but written in
> Hindi.
>
> Q9 Why would an ancient civilization not document/mention the
> technique used to work with stones?
>
> A9 Matt Riggsby, MA Archaeology, Boston University8h
>
> There are some pretty clear and consistent trends in the kinds of
> information which less literate societies record. *Writing wasn’t a skill
> which was widely taught or easily acquired*, so it was primarily used in
> contexts where is was really, really important and/or involved information
> which was not easily transmitted. One of those contexts, quite
> consistently, was government. With writing, laws could be set down with
> precision, payments and tax obligations could be recorded in a way people
> could refer to it later so disputes could be resolved easily, and so on.
> The other context was religion. It was very important to get relations with
> the gods right, make firm declarations of devotion and allegiance to
> favored deities, and the like. Other concerns and areas of life were
> secondary, and at any rate people outside of the circles of religion and
> government rarely had the leisure and resources to learn how to read and
> write.
>
> *So what we don’t get from a lot of ancient societies are a lot of texts
> on technical and other everyday matters*. We don’t get lists of prices
> regular people pay in the markets, because nobody really cares what the
> price of sheep was last month, the month before, and on and on*. We also
> don’t get technical details of any kind of craft or artistic profession*.
> Not just stone-working; we also don’t get technical details of carpentry,
> making pottery, weaving, dyeing, brewing, cooking, and on and on and on.
> Craft professionals and other people engaged in that kind of work already
> had perfectly good word-of-mouth ways of transmitting what apprentices
> needed to know, and that kind of work needed practical hand-on experience
> to to properly anyway. Besides, in order for written instructions to do any
> good, you’d need literate students, and you just didn’t have that in mostly
> illiterate ancient societies. There was, in short, little point in writing
> this stuff down.
>
> As overall levels of literacy slowly increased and the occasional
> craftsman learned how to read, some of this stuff did eventually get
> written down. We’ve got a few scattered works by Greek and Roman
> craftsmen like Vitruvius’s invaluable books on architecture (and related
> trades). But it took a very long time for the people involved in technical
> work to become sufficiently literate to enable them to write this stuff
> down and, more importantly, to read what other people had written, making
> it worth writing it down in the first place.
>
> Q10 Can you tell about the Invention of torch :-
>
> A10 Shanti Das, Software developer, ensurer, fitness, politics,
> history 21h
>
> We have always been told that the torch was invented by a British David
> Mitchell in 1899. This fact seems to be in doubt now. That is because 124
> years before it, a painting of Kotashili of 1775 AD from India has been
> found kept in The Walters Art Museum Baltimore USA, in which a hunter is
> shown hunting deer and a woman shines torch light on deer. Guiding the
> hunter while throwing.
>
> Along with our wealth, these foreigners have stolen our knowledge, science
> and technology etc.
>
> *And even more ancient evidence is from the history of Egypt during the
> Vedic period. This is a carving made 5000-7000 years ago, it is exactly the
> same shape, which used to be a bulb....!!*
>
> Q11 Can I book 2 tickets for a single person in Indian railways?
>
> A11 Vikas Malik, Cyber Security Engineer, YouTuber12h
>
> No, it is not possible to book two tickets for a single person in the
> Indian Railways. According to Indian Railways rules, one passenger can
> only be booked on one ticket, and each ticket is valid for one person only
> .
>
> If you need to travel with two tickets, you will need to book two separate
> tickets, one for each person. If you are traveling alone and want to book
> two tickets, you will need to provide the name and other details of another
> person who will be traveling with you.
>
> It is important to note that passengers are required to carry a valid
> identity proof while traveling on the Indian Railways, and the name and
> other details on the ticket should match the details on the identity proof.
> Therefore, it is not possible to book multiple tickets for a single person,
> as this would result in a mismatch of details and could lead to
> difficulties during the journey.
>
> My note- I think the rules have changed. In the same class it is not
> possible. *Often in the counter itself one may book a ticket for upper
> class, if RAC/WL 1 or 2, he may book by sleeper class with a confirm ticket*.
> If the upper class is confirmed he may cancel the lower class.
>
> Q12 Why was the ancient city of Ur abandoned?
>
> A12 Inshal Khan, Writer and Thinker8h
>
> The ancient city of Ur is shrouded in mystery, intrigue, and legends that
> have captured the imagination of historians and archaeologists for
> centuries. From its towering ziggurats to its labyrinthine alleyways, *Ur
> was a city of great power and majesty, whose decline and abandonment have
> remained an enigma for millennia.*
>
> *Some believe that Ur was the birthplace of Abraham, important figure in
> Judaism, Christianity, and Islam*. The city's biblical significance has
> added a layer of intrigue to its history, inspiring countless explorers and
> adventurers to seek out its secrets.
>
> *The ruins of Ur reveal a glimpse into the city's past, showcasing its
> impressive architecture and the* stunning artistry of the Sumerian
> people. Its ziggurat, a massive stepped pyramid dedicated to the moon god
> Nanna, stands as a testament to the engineering and artistic abilities of
> the ancient civilization.
>
> Despite its grandeur, Ur was not immune to the challenges that faced all
> ancient cities. The city's strategic location made it a prime target for
> invasion, and it was sacked and burned multiple times throughout its
> history. Its people faced droughts, famines, and political instability,
> which may have contributed to its eventual decline.
>
> *All the above QA are from Quora website on 19-02-2023*
>
> *Quora answers need not be 100% correct answers .*
>
> *Compiled **and posted by R. Gopala Krishnan, 79 years, on 20-02-2023*
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
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