Dear YMji Yesterday I released an article where this theory of nano second is lost now and changing and the day is not far off when the west says we are in the 28th chaturyuga. So what happened just before Bang is over. And as far as the singularity theory, there was nothing like that as admitted by the late Richard Hawkins himself. "The work of Lifshitz and Khalatnikov was valuable because it showed that the universe *could *have had a singularity, a big bang, if the general theory of relativity was correct. However, it did not resolve the crucial
question: Does general relativity predict that our universe *should *have had a big bang, a beginning of time? The answer to this carne out of a completely different approach introduced by a British mathematician and physicist, Roger Penrose, in 1965. Using the way light cones behave in general relativity, together with the fact that gravity is always attractive, he showed that a star collapsing under its own gravity is trapped in a region whose surface eventually shrinks to zero size. And, since the surface of the region shrinks to zero, so too must its volume. All the matter in the star will be compressed into a region of zero volume, so the density of matter and the curvature of space-time become infinite. In other words, one has a singularity contained within a region of space-time known as a black hole. At first sight, Penrose’s result applied only to stars; it didn’t have anything to say about the question of whether the entire universe had a big bang singularity in its past. However, at the time that Penrose produced his theorem, I was a research student desperately looking for a problem with which to complete my Ph.D. thesis. Two years before, I had been diagnosed as suffering from ALS, commonly known as Lou Gehrig’s disease, or motor neuron disease, and given to understand that I had only one or two more years to live. In these circumstances there had not seemed much point in working on my Ph.D.– I did not expect to survive that long. Yet two years had gone by and I was not that much worse. In fact, things were going rather well for me and Ihad gotten engaged to a very nice girl, Jane Wilde. But in order to get married, I needed a job, and in order to get a job, I needed a Ph.D. In 1965 I read about Penrose’s theorem that any body undergoing gravitational collapse must eventually form a singularity. I soon realized that if one reversed the direction of time in Penrose’s theorem, so that the collapse became an expansion, the conditions of his theorem would still hold, provided the universe were roughly like a Friedmann model on large scales at the present time. Penrose’s theorem had shown that any collapsing star *must *end in a singularity; the time-reversed argument showed that any Friedmann-like expanding universe *must *have begun with a singularity. For technical reasons, Penrose’s theorem required that the universe be infinite in space. So I could in fact, use it to prove that there should be a singularity only if the universe was expanding fast enough to avoid collapsing again (since only those Friedmann models were infinite in space). During the next few years, I developed new mathematical techniques to remove this and other technical conditions from the theorems that proved that singularities must occur. The final result was a joint paper by Penrose and myself in 1970, which at last proved that there must have been a big bang singularity provided only that *general relativity is correct* and the universe contains as much matter as we observe. There was a lot of opposition to our work, partly from the Russians because of their Marxist belief in scientific determinism, and partly from people who felt that the whole idea of singularities was repugnant and spoiled the beauty of Einstein’s theory. However, one cannot really argue with a mathematical theorem. So in the end our work (A Brief History of Time - Stephen Hawking... Chapter 3) became generally accepted and nowadays nearly everyone assumes that the universe started with a big bang singularity. It is perhaps ironic that, having changed my mind, I am now trying to convince other physicists that there was in fact no singularity at the beginning of the universe – as we shall see later, *it can disappear once quantum effects are taken into account.* We have seen in this chapter how, in less than half a century, man’s view of the universe formed over millennia has been transformed. Hubble’s discovery that the universe was expanding, and the realization of the insignificance of our own planet in the vastness of the universe, were just the starting point. As experimental and theoretical evidence mounted, it became more and more clear that the universe must have had a beginning in time, until in 1970 this was finally proved by Penrose and myself, on the basis of Einstein’s general theory of relativity. That proof showed that general relativity is only an incomplete theory: it cannot tell us how the universe started off, because it predicts that all physical theories, including itself, break down at the beginning of the universe. However, general relativity claims to be only a partial theory, so what the singularity theorems really show is that there must have been a time in the very early universe when the universe was so small that one could no longer ignore the small-scale effects of the other great partial theory of the twentieth century, quantum mechanics. At the start of the 1970s, then, we were forced to turn our search for an understanding of the universe from our theory of the extraordinarily vast to our theory of the extraordinarily tiny. That theory, quantum mechanics, will be described next, before we turn to the efforts to combine the two partial theories into a single quantum theory of gravity. KR IRS 15423 On Fri, 14 Apr 2023 at 18:59, Markendeya Yeddanapudi < [email protected]> wrote: > > > -- > *Mar*The Nano Beginning of Big Bangs > > > > The Singularity, which was smaller than an electron, unleashed the Big > bang of the creation of the Universe, which has not ended even after about > 12 billion years. Every attempt has a nano beginning for the result which > one sees in visible manifestations. When one makes an attempt, one needs > belief in the success, so that disbelief and haste do not stifle the > processes in the invisible spectrum. It is belief and faith that help the > nano invisible processes. > > In the vacuum or the great ‘Nothing’, some event starts the consciousness > and space-time, creating the deviation from the space-time-less situation > of the vacuum. Space-time or the identification of when (time) and where > (Space), the interaction sprouted, which automatically creates conscious > notice, expands in the vacuum. The expansion takes to the creation of a > wide variety of conscious entities called the life forms. The expanding > universe really means, the expansion of the arena of consciousness, > resulting from conscious notice. > > An attempt needs conscious notice. If the attempt synchronizes with the > great macro expansion of the universe as the expansion of the conscious > notice, then one can be definite of getting what one wants, as the whole > universe is inducted. > > On the earth one has to induct the flora and the fauna via, emotional > entanglement based on breathing, smelling and sensing, to make the attempt > of conscious beginning, into the attempt of the Biosphere as a whole. > Simply put, one has to attempt in accordance of nature and not by harming > nature. The nano processes grow and become the visible macro processes, and > these processes of consciousness synchronize with the cosmic processes of > the universe. The belief in success creates cascades of processes that > bring success. Belief means, the freedom from the questioning, and > continuously doubting mind. When one does not question and doubt, just > believes, one enables nature to help as one actually joins nature as part > of nature. Questioning and doubting disconnect one from the natural process. > > Belief automatically creates the belief hormones, in the blood stream, > which enter every cell. The tiny capillaries become very active, they are > very small in size but they are pipes into the cell. > > A cell is a mini universe. > > If your mind coordinates with the free and happy nature, automatically > nature takes up your attempt as its process. The body listens to the mind > in a healthy way only in healthy nature. Unseen by your eyes, there is a > gigantic process in the invisible spectrum. If nature is not polluted and > poisoned, the invisible processes help you. The method is doing what is > needed and believing in the success. > > YM > -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Thatha_Patty" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to [email protected]. To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/thatha_patty/CAL5XZoqxAnXYuvQ_H34dhDjV1jzFxQdY8%2Bd5DRER_Tm9Ah_ypw%40mail.gmail.com.
