Q1 The process of desalination is the economically viable salt making; There are two main techniques: You can boil the water, then catch the steam, leaving behind the salt. Or you can blast the water through filters that catch the salt but let the liquid through. As I'm sure you know, Reverse Osmosis Drinking Water Systems are perfect for your family if you're looking for an inexpensive source of "super pure" drinking water for your home, but did you know that RO is the best way to get rid of 85 - 94% of the sodium content! Columbia University believes they've found a way to do it. The process is called T <https://engineering.columbia.edu/press-releases/ngai-yin-yip-radical-desalination>emperature Swing Solvent Extraction <https://engineering.columbia.edu/press-releases/ngai-yin-yip-radical-desalination> and it's designed to purify hypersaline brines (water that contains a high concentration of salts, making it up to seven times as salty as seawater). This kind of waste water is produced by industrial processes and during oil and gas production, and it poses a major pollution risk to groundwater.
The research team, led by Ngai Yin Yip, a Columbia Engineering assistant professor of earth and environmental engineering, mixed a solvent (dyed red) in with a sample of hypersaline brine (dyed blue). The liquids appear to stay separated in the jar, but after heating them, and then decanting the red solvent into another jar to be heated separately, the team was left with a layer of clear water. While the science is complicated, the above video shows the process in a pretty simple way (no chemistry Ph.D. required). What's most exciting about the process is its implications. The tea was able to remove up to 98.4% of the salt, which is comparable to the current "gold standard" process, reverse osmosis. But unlike reverse osmosis or other methods of desalination, this process doesn't require high temperatures or high pressures -- just a low-grade heat of less than 70 C (158 F). And that makes it a game changer -- both for treating waste water and even creating drinking water fit for human consumption. "TSSE could be a disruptive technology," said Yip. "It's effective, efficient, scalable, and can be sustainably powered." “Reverse osmosis is a complex process,” Cordoba said. “To gauge its success, you have to track many variables: water pressure, volume, salinity, recovery ratio, time and energy. With these models, we were able to determine the right amount of pressure over time to achieve the best results using the minimum amount of energy.” How big is the piston tank? It depends on the size of the system.“Reverse osmosis operates on a wide range of scales,” Warsinger said. “Households in India often have a micro reverse osmosis system for their own home, where you could hold it in your hands. For our experiments, we’ve built a model system where the piston tank is about the size of a fire extinguisher. In a full-scale plant, it could be a hundred feet long. But the beauty of it is that it’s not a complex piece of equipment; it’s essentially a pipe, with a water-tight piston in the middle. But that piston tank changes everything.” RO is not economical and so the latest cylinder tank invention may reduce its cost. Home is better. Q2 It reminded me of one person always making fun, getting his nose cut every time,from me, as teacher had. Q3 i Potato? The Vegetable Production System (Veggie) system was later used aboard ISS. Plants tested in Veggie before going into space included lettuce, Swiss chard, radishes, Chinese cabbage and peas. Red Romaine lettuce was grown in space on Expedition 40 which were harvested when mature, frozen and tested back on Earth. Thale cress was the first plant to be grown in space in 1982, while Russian cosmonauts have been eating some space-grown plants since the early 2000s and NASA astronauts ate their first space crop in 2015 The first food grown and harvested in space—a crop of red lettuce—is about to be eaten by astronauts aboard the International Space Station. The lettuce was grown for 15 months with a system called Veg-01, which uses red, blue, and green LED lights to grow plants in a small space. Q 3 ii A lot of blood of animals and insects have colorless, white ,pale slight yellow color . Q 3 vii The answer is correct; but the lighter is not a safe one then as they will burst. Safety matches came later than the matches made. The dangerous lighter came in 1823 and Fire-sticks 1826.Then what were people doing for fire; west will say flint stone ( also a comic character) . We had chikki mukki stones. But Indians who wrote the first word of the Earth was AGNI. And from where they took the agni. A related ancient text, the *Atharva Veda*, states the all-pervasiveness of the Divine fire principle in its Hymn to the Earth: *“There is a Divine fire in the Earth and in the plants. The Waters carry the fire and the same fire dwells in the rocks. There is a fire within human beings, within the cows and the horses are sacred fires. **The Divine fire shines from heaven as the Sun. The Divine fire extends the wide atmosphere through the wind. Mortals enkindle the Fire that carries their prayers, which loves clarity.*“ <http://vedanet.com/administrator/index2.php?option=com_content§ionid=1&task=edit&hidemainmenu=1&id=182#_edn8> [viii] What was that divine fire in the water which was found in the mountain. ? Phosphorus from mountain stones , kept safely in the water to be used whenever they needed but protecting them safely. We knew fire long back. We were able to light. Agni hotra importance now one can see; how cleverly they kept the fire burning all the time burning. Q4 But can any one understand what is said in our scripture? Vata can be correlated with the anabolic phase of growth whereas kapha to the catabolic phase. Cancer originates due to a metabolic crisis, i.e. aggravation of vata forces and suppression of kapha forces, both interacting with one another resulting in proliferation. May check one by one and try to understand please. Q5 OK what our shastras say? He who cuts off his lineage by embracing a woman of his own family, having become a hyena and a porcupine, is born from the womb of a bear. Is it a sad animal? The “laughter” vocalization for which they are known is a high-pitched series of short giggle-like sounds. These sounds, rather than being associated with hyenas having a good time, are generally made when they are threatened or under attack. A hyena may also produce a laughterlike sound when it is frustrated. KR IRS 21723 On Thu, 20 Jul 2023 at 19:01, 'gopala krishnan' via KeralaIyers < [email protected]> wrote: > *CULTURAL QA 07-2023-21* > > Q1 How can salt be removed from sea water chemically? > > A1 Rebecca Williams, MS in Accounting and Finance, New York > University Jul 7 > > Salt can be removed from seawater chemically by a process called reverse > osmosis. Reverse osmosis is a process that uses pressure to force water > molecules through a semi-permeable membrane. The membrane allows water > molecules to pass through, but it blocks salt molecules. > > 1.The process of reverse osmosis begins with seawater being pumped into a > high-pressure chamber. The pressure forces the water molecules through the > semi-permeable membrane, leaving the salt molecules behind*. The water > that passes through the membrane is called permeate, and the salt that is > left behind is called retentate*. > > The permeate is then collected and can be used for drinking water or other > purposes. The retentate is either discarded or recycled back into the > seawater. Reverse osmosis is a very effective way to remove salt from > seawater. It is also a very energy-intensive process. Here are some other > chemical methods that can be used to remove salt from seawater: > > Electrodialysis is a process that uses an electric current to separate > ions in water. The ions that are responsible for the salinity of > seawater, such as sodium and chloride, can be removed by electrodialysis. > > Membrane distillation is a process that uses a semi-permeable membrane to > separate water from salt. The membrane allows water molecules to pass > through, but it blocks salt molecules. The water that passes through the > membrane is then boiled, and the steam is condensed to produce pure water. > > Ion exchange is a process that uses a resin to remove ions from water. > The resin is loaded with ions that are opposite in charge to the ions that > are in the seawater. The ions in the seawater are then exchanged with the > ions in the resin. > > *The choice of which chemical method to use depends on a number of > factors, including the cost of the process, the energy requirements, and > the quality of the water that is required.* > > *My note- The Arabian countries get drinking water by any of the process. > Especially in soudi Arabia where there are no rivers.* > > Q2 Humor: What are some of the greatest examples of presence of > mind? > > A2 Sandeep Maheshwari, Updated 2y > > Teacher addresses a student and asks: “How many kidneys do we have?" > > “Four!", The student responds. > > “Four? Haha,” The teacher was one of those who took pleasure in picking > on his students' mistakes and demoralizing them. > > “Bring a bundle of grass, because we have an ass in the room," the > teacher orders a front bencher. > > “And for me a coffee!”, the student added. > > The teacher was furious and expelled the student from the room. > > The student was, by the way, the humorist Aparicio Torelly Aporelly > (1895-1971), better known as the "Baron de Itararé". > > On his way out of the classroom, the student still had the audacity to > correct the furious teacher: > > "You asked me how many kidneys ‘we have’. We have four: two of mine and > two of yours. ‘We have’ is an expression used for the plural. Enjoy the > grass.” > > Life demands much more understanding than knowledge. Sometimes people, > because they have a little more knowledge or ‘believe’ that they have it, > feel they have the right to underestimate others. > > Q3 Do you know this about India? > > A3 Kaushal,Updated Jun 14 > > Don't be surprised to see the picture. It is true that once upon a time > you could go from Delhi to London by bus because then the world's longest > road route used to be from Calcutta to London and buses also used to ply on > this route. > > *This service was started by Sydney's Albert Tour and Travels Company, not > by any Indian or British. Started in the early 1950s, it ran for about 25 > years, but later it had to be discontinued due to various reasons. The fare > ranged from just £85 to £145.* > > Starting from Calcutta, via Banaras, Allahabad, Agra, Delhi via Lahore, > Rawalpindi, Kabul, Kandahar, Tehran, Istanbul to Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, > Vienna to West Germany and Belgium, this bus used to reach London. During > this, it used to run about 20300 KM and cross 11 countries. > > This bus used to take almost 70 days to reach. > > Q4 How do I quickly lower blood sugar? > > A4 Marsha Harris, Bachelor of Science in Nutrition and Food > Science & Exercise Physiology, University of Washington (Graduated > 2004)Updated Tue > > Some simple tips to keep in mind when it comes to quickly lowering your > blood sugar levels: > > Start by drinking plenty of water throughout the day to help flush out > excess sugar and keeps you feeling refreshed. > > Load up on fiber-rich foods like veggies, whole grains, and legumes. They > slow down sugar absorption and keep those levels steady. Plus, they're > deliciously crunchy and colorful. > > Get your body moving with some exercise to help your body utilize glucose > and lower blood sugar levels. > > Add some flavor to your meals with herbs and spices like cinnamon, > turmeric, and ginger. They not only make your taste buds dance but can also > help regulate blood sugar. > > Don't underestimate the power of a good night's sleep. It helps your body > maintain healthy blood sugar levels and keeps those pesky cravings at bay. > > These tips are just the starting point. It's always a good idea to work > closely with your healthcare provider for personalized advice. > > *2ND ANSWER-Mukesh Kumar Sah,Jul 14* > > Stay hydrated Drinking water can help flush out excess sugar through > urine and potentially help lower blood sugar levels Ensure you stay > adequately hydrated throughout the day > > Choose low glycemic index foods Opt for foods that have a low glycemic > index These foods have a slower impact on blood sugar levels Examples > include whole grains non-starchy vegetables legumes and lean proteins > > Increase fiber intake Foods rich in fiber such as fruits vegetables whole > grains and legumes can help regulate blood sugar levels Fiber slows down > the absorption of sugar preventing rapid spikes > > Manage stress levels Stress can cause blood sugar levels to rise Engage > in stress-reducing activities like meditation deep breathing exercises or > hobbies you enjoy > > Get enough sleep Lack of sleep can affect blood sugar levels and insulin > sensitivity Aim for 7-9 hours of quality sleep each night > > Avoid sugary beverages Drinks like soda juice and sweetened coffee can > cause a rapid increase in blood sugar levels Opt for water herbal tea or > sugar-free alternatives > > My note- Dehydration powder with taste of orange/lime mixed in a bottle > of water, can be consumed in 1-2 minutes a bottle. It gives energy boost > also in addition to lowering blood sugar level. > > Initially when I felt tired, I used to drink 2 bottles in 10 minutes. Just > like that one day I checked blood sugar level about 280 and after drinking > it came to 170-180. I have no proof other than my experience. > > Present day dehydration liquid pack with vitamins could be drank with > taste than with powder. It boosts energy > > It is my experience as a diabetic. Any diabetic may consult doctor before > consuming > > Q3 What are some interesting facts which are not commonly known? > > A3 Krishna Kamat,May 20 > > Potatoes were the first vegetable to be grown in space. > > The blood of lobsters is colorless. > > Your teeth are as unique as your fingerprint. > > A giraffe cleans its ears with its tongue. > > *There are more muscles in an elephant’s trunk than in the entire human > body.* > > Sponges hold more cold water rather than hot. > > *The cigarette lighter was invented before the match.* > > Camels have three eyelids to protect themselves from the blowing desert > sand. > > Q4 What causes cancer? > > A4 Narayana Health,Health for all. All for health. Mar 20 > > Cancer is a group of diseases in which cells start growing uncontrollably > and destroy the normal cells and tissues, affecting their functions. There > are more than 100 types of cancers. Most cancers are named according to > where they start in the body, such as breast cancer develops in the breast, > and liver cancer occurs in liver tissues. Various factors play a crucial > role in cancer development. *The following are some causes of cancer:* > > Genetics: > > Changes in genetic structure can result in cancer development. Sometimes, > these mutations may inherit by the next generation, or sometimes, they may > occur due to environmental changes. > > Environmental factors: > > *Numerous environmental factors, such as constant pollution, chemical and > radiation exposure, and occupational substances exposure* (arsenic, > asbestos, ethylene oxide, and many more) contain various carcinogens, which > can cause numerous cancers. > > Dietary habits: > > High intake of salt, sugary food, baked products, fat-containing foods, > red or processed meat, and refined carbohydrate can cause various > gastrointestinal cancers. > > Sedentary lifestyle: > > Being a couch potato the whole day and doing less physical activity fumble > hormonal balance and decrease immune system efficiency. Therefore, > doctors restrict prolonged lying down or sitting, as they increase your > risk of cancer. > > Tobacco: > > Any form of tobacco such as cigarette, bidi, hookah, water pipes, cigar, > gutka, khaini, metal nut, sniff tobacco, kreteks, and dissolvable tobacco > can increase the risk of getting cancer many folds. People who do not > smoke but remain in contact with smokers also have a higher risk of > developing cancer. > > Drinking alcohol: > > There is a direct correlation between drinking alcohol and cancer risk. > Those who drink alcohol more are at a higher risk of developing various > types of cancer. > > *My note- Why the government totally enforce* prohibition of alcohols, > including army services? At one time I recollect in my boyhood, buses > were stopped, checked for alcohols and then permitted in Kerala. Even > one with smell of alcohol was not permitted to travel > > Obesity: > > Being overweight increases the risk of chronic diseases and various > cancers, including the colon, rectum, breast, pancreas, kidneys, and liver. > > Excessive sun exposure: > > Excessive sun exposure or frequent blistering sunburns can cause various > skin cancers. > > Unsafe sexual intercourse: > > Unprotected sex and numerous sexual partners have a direct correlation > with genitourinary and reproductive cancers. > > Infections: > > People with certain infections, such as human papillomavirus and HIV or > AIDS, are at higher risk of developing cancers. > > Source: Narayana Health[1] > > Q5 What is the saddest animal on Earth? > > A5 Yuvraj Kumar, Intrested in Animals and their characteristics.7h > > Male Hyenas, Hands down. These guys have got it bad. > > First of all, *female Hyenas have a pseudo-penis from which they give > birth (By rupturing it), and yes, it hurts.* The mortality rate of Hyena > Cubs is 60%, not because they are hunted mercilessly by Lions and other > opportunistic predators, which they actually are, but *because they > suffocate on their way out of that narrow organ.* > > Even after surviving through this, Male hyena cubs are discriminated > against. Until they reach adulthood, i.e. at the age of 2–3 years, they are > kept in the Cackle. They are treated as inferior to females cubs, and face > bullying, mutilation and gets their food stolen by them. > > After reaching adulthood they leave the Cackle and try to join another > Cackle. Now, the hierarchical structure of Hyena society is Matriarchal, > that means it's lead by a female Hyena*. The females are bigger than > male, so they dominate them brutally.* > > They have to climb the ranks by hunting for the cackle, or if one of the > prominent male members dies. And sadly, the most prominent male Hyena of > the cackle is still beneath the newly-born female cubs. > > *Male Hyenas rarely lives a long life*, they are bullied, mutilated and > remain hungry for long. Their life is pretty sad and depressing. > > There life is so depressing that they have a laughing sound to signal > distress, it's not some evil Hyena laugh as you see it. It's simply a > signal for distress. > > *All the above QA are from Quora website on 21 -07-2023.* > > *Quora answers need not be 100% correct answers.* > > *Compiled and posted by R. Gopala Krishnan, 79, on 21-07-2023.* > > -- > On Facebook, please join https://www.facebook.com/groups/keralaiyerstrust > > We are now on Telegram Mobile App also, please join > > Pattars/Kerala Iyers Discussions: https://t.me/PattarsGroup > > Kerala Iyers Trust Decisions only posts : https://t.me/KeralaIyersTrust > > Kerala Iyers Trust Group for Discussions: > https://t.me/KeralaIyersTrustGroup > --- > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups > "KeralaIyers" group. > To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an > email to [email protected]. > To view this discussion on the web visit > https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/keralaiyers/1613231233.2171311.1689904874854%40mail.yahoo.com > <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/keralaiyers/1613231233.2171311.1689904874854%40mail.yahoo.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> > . > -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Thatha_Patty" group. 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