BUMBLEBEE FLYING AGAINSTS AERODYNAMICS OF PHYSICS https://youtu.be/0tYt-dAU7eE you tube bee flying
2 AERODYNAMICS OF FLYING: Airplanes' wings are curved on top and flatter on the bottom. That shape makes air flow over the top faster than under the bottom. As a result, less air pressure is on top of the wing. This lower pressure makes the wing, and the airplane it's attached to, move up. The four forces of flight are lift, weight, thrust and drag. These forces make an object move up and down, and faster or slower. How much of each force there is changes how the object moves through the air. There are three basic forces to be considered in aerodynamics: thrust, which moves an airplane forward; drag, which holds it back; and lift, which keeps it airborne. Lift is generally explained by three theories: Bernoulli's principle, the Coanda effect, and Newton's third law of motion. 3 Despite some physical limitations by moving in both water and air, the flying fish has evolved to have good aerodynamic designs (such as the hypertrophied fins and cylindrical body with a ventrally flattened surface) for proficient gliding flight Earth's gravity pulls the squirrel towards Earth. Air resistance works in the opposite direction to slow it down. The flying squirrel uses the shape of its body to increase air resistance by opening its limbs and spreading its patagium. Despite their name, they are not in fact capable of full flight in the same way as birds or bats, but they are able to glide from one tree to another with the aid of a patagium, a furred parachute-like skin membrane that stretches from wrist to ankle. Their long tails also provide stability as they glide. 4 *On a strictly* mathematical level, engineers know how to design planes that will stay aloft. But equations don't explain why aerodynamic lift occurs. *There are two* competing theories that illuminate the forces and factors of lift. Both are incomplete explanations. *Aerodynamicists* have recently tried to close the gaps in understanding. Still, no consensus exists. 5 By far the most popular explanation of lift is Bernoulli’s theorem, a principle identified by Swiss mathematician Daniel Bernoulli in his 1738 treatise, *Hydrodynamica*. Bernoulli came from a family of mathematicians. His father, Johann, made contributions to the calculus, and his Uncle Jakob coined the term “integral.” Many of Daniel Bernoulli’s contributions had to do with fluid flow: Air is a fluid, and the theorem associated with his name is commonly expressed in terms of fluid dynamics. Stated simply, Bernoulli’s law says that the pressure of a fluid decreases as its velocity increases, and vice versa. Bernoulli’s theorem attempts to explain lift as a consequence of the curved upper surface of an airfoil, the technical name for an airplane wing. Because of this curvature, the idea goes, air traveling across the top of the wing moves faster than the air moving along the wing’s bottom surface, which is flat. Bernoulli’s theorem says that the increased speed atop the wing is associated with a region of lower pressure there, which is lift. 6 To analyze bird flight, researchers have traditionally relied on aerodynamic theory derived from studying fixed- wing aircraft. When applied to animals, however, those rules don't work. Birds are more complicated- - and more accomplished- - than even the most exotic aircraft. To look beyond the bird- as- airplane model, researchers today are scrutinizing birds in wind tunnels, enlisting medical scanners to see bones at work, even building robotic wings- - all to measure exactly what a bird does when it flies. That understanding, in turn, may help humans design better flying machines- - especially new kinds of maneuverable military aircraft. They can fly only because evolution slimmed down their entire anatomy from their reptilian ancestors. Over time, the bones of birds have become lighter and, in the case of many "finger bones," some have disappeared altogether. The apex of ultra- light construction is the body of the magnificent frigatebird: despite its 7- foot wingspan, its skeleton weighs less than 4 ounces- - half as much as its feathers. (Bats, which, along with birds and flying insects are nature's only true fliers, also have evolved super- lightweight bones. That's why bats hang from their feet when not flying: their leg bones are usually too thin to support standing.) Birds' skulls are surprisingly thin, more eggshell than armor. Their tails are little more than pin cushions for feathers. Wings are mostly feathers, and the feathers themselves are masterpieces of engineering: airy and flexible, yet nearly indestructible. Light as it is, a bird's wing provides both propulsion and lift. Lift comes from air flowing smoothly over the wing's curved surfaces. Propulsion comes from flapping, and flapping is what has so confounded flight researchers. A wing isn't only an oar for "rowing" a bird through the air, as Leonardo surmised. 7 If birds only traveled long distance, flapping mile after mile in one direction, they wouldn't need to turn on a dime. But birds like the purple martin survive by intercepting flying insects in midair. Even a stork, large as it is, can manage a gentle two- point landing on the branch of a tree in full foliage on a gusty day. To avoid stalling- - the point when a flying object loses lift and becomes a dead weight tumbling toward the ground- - birds somehow gather instantaneous feedback about the airflow over their wings and body. To fly efficiently, birds deftly manipulate features of their wings. In slow flight, as when circling to gain altitude in an updraft, a vulture holds its wings out straight and fans out the long, stiff feathers on its wingtips, effectively creating slots. The slots minimize how energetically the air behind the bird is stirred up. The result is less drag, and for a bird moving forward, less drag means more lift. By contrast, a raptor in a controlled dive will fold its wings in partway to shrink their surface area, as the bird needs speed, not lift, when it closes on its prey. 8 "The tuning- fork analogy is actually quite a good one," says Wells. "It suggests that if you have a structure that can store energy elastically, then maybe there is an optimal frequency at which it does that." Experimental evidence supports that idea, finding that birds tend not to vary their flaps-per-second. They're one-gear animals. In one study, Wells tried to force hummingbirds to alter their wingbeat rate, but the birds resisted. (Their flapping frequency - 80 wingbeats a second or more - is what makes hummingbirds hum, of course.) Despite such energy-saving measures, flying remains the most strenuous activity an animal can perform. So even though natural selection has on rare occasions chosen birds with less flight-worthy bodies and stronger legs, ostriches and pheasants are the exception, not the rule. You could say that birds learned to fly because their nonflying ancestors spent so much of their time being hungry and being chased. Compared to birds in the wild, we humans have plenty to eat and little to fear. No wonder we can't fly. And come to think of it, maybe we should rethink our envy of the world's winged creatures. 9 So aerodynamics is taken only from the wings and learnt half baked; we cannot say against aerodynamic principle at all; even many secrets of lifts are unresolved. KR IRS 18 8 23 On Fri, 18 Aug 2023 at 18:38, Laxminarayan Sarma < [email protected]> wrote: > Aerodynamically the bumble bee shouldn't be able to fly . But the bumble > bee doesn't know about it so it goes on flying anyway🙂 > > On Fri, 18 Aug, 2023, 5:57 pm 'gopala krishnan' via iyer123, < > [email protected]> wrote: > >> Dear Mr Sekar, >> >> There is not a single human who is totally ignorant or a single human >> who is all knowing. >> Fact remains as fact. >> >> We can see most special children /people very knowledgeable and some >> normal children/people as average >> >> Two days back I watched a news item of an elephant by birth not having >> trunk surviving and moving with other elephants. Normally trunk is having >> nose to elephant and they use trunk for taking things and eating.The >> elephant baffles us. >> Gopalakrishnan >> >> >> On Friday, 18 August, 2023 at 02:58:13 pm IST, 'N Sekar' via KeralaIyers < >> [email protected]> wrote: >> >> >> Thank you Sri G K. >> >> The last line in the fwd is a Gem and sums it all up. >> >> N Sekar >> >> >> On Friday, August 18, 2023 at 11:39:16 AM GMT+4, 'gopala krishnan' via >> KeralaIyers <[email protected]> wrote: >> >> >> Excellent Mr Sekar >> Gopalakrishnan >> >> On Friday, 18 August, 2023 at 01:07:55 pm IST, 'N Sekar' via KeralaIyers < >> [email protected]> wrote: >> >> >> >> I do not know who has done this research, but its quite interesting. >> >> *N͟O͟T͟ A͟ C͟O͟I͟N͟C͟I͟D͟E͟N͟C͟E͟!* >> >> 1. *ADULT* has 5 letters, >> so does *YOUTH* . >> >> 2. *PERMANENT* has 9 letters, >> so does *TEMPORARY* . >> >> 3. *GOOD* has 4 letters, >> so does *EVIL* . >> >> 4. *BLACK* has 5 letters, >> so does *WHITE* . >> >> 5. *CHURCH* has 6 letters, >> so does *MOSQUE*,*TEMPLE* & *MANDIR* >> >> 6. Deleted >> >> 7. *LIFE* has 4 letters, >> so does *DEAD* . >> >> 8. *HATE* has 4 letters, >> so does *LOVE* . >> >> 9. *ENEMIES* has 7 letters, >> so does *FRIENDS* . >> >> 10. *LYING* has 5 letters, >> so does *TRUTH* . >> >> 11. *HURT* has 4 letters, >> so does *HEAL* . >> >> 12. *NEGATIVE* has 8 letters, >> so does *POSITIVE* . >> >> 13. *FAILURE* has 7 letters, >> so does *SUCCESS* . >> >> 14. *BELOW* has 5 letters, >> so does *ABOVE* . >> >> 15. *CRY* has 3 letters, >> so does *JOY* . >> >> 16. *ANGRY* has 5 letters, >> so does *HAPPY* . >> >> 17. *RIGHT* has 5 letters, >> so does *WRONG* . >> >> 18. *RICH* has 4 letters, >> so does *POOR* . >> >> 19. *FAIL* has 4 letters, >> so does *PASS* . >> >> 20. *KNOWLEDGE* has 9 letters, >> so does *IGNORANCE* . >> Are they all by coincidence? >> >> This means *LIFE* is like a double edged sword but the choice we make >> determines our future. >> Sent from Yahoo Mail on Android >> <https://mail.onelink.me/107872968?pid=nativeplacement&c=Global_Acquisition_YMktg_315_Internal_EmailSignature&af_sub1=Acquisition&af_sub2=Global_YMktg&af_sub3=&af_sub4=100000604&af_sub5=EmailSignature__Static_> >> >> -- >> On Facebook, please join https://www.facebook.com/groups/keralaiyerstrust >> >> We are now on Telegram Mobile App also, please join >> >> Pattars/Kerala Iyers Discussions: https://t.me/PattarsGroup >> >> Kerala Iyers Trust Decisions only posts : https://t.me/KeralaIyersTrust >> >> Kerala Iyers Trust Group for Discussions: >> https://t.me/KeralaIyersTrustGroup >> --- >> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups >> "KeralaIyers" group. >> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an >> email to [email protected]. >> To view this discussion on the web visit >> https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/keralaiyers/1252817140.1207804.1692344261245%40mail.yahoo.com >> <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/keralaiyers/1252817140.1207804.1692344261245%40mail.yahoo.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> >> . >> >> -- >> On Facebook, please join https://www.facebook.com/groups/keralaiyerstrust >> >> We are now on Telegram Mobile App also, please join >> >> Pattars/Kerala Iyers Discussions: https://t.me/PattarsGroup >> >> Kerala Iyers Trust Decisions only posts : https://t.me/KeralaIyersTrust >> >> Kerala Iyers Trust Group for Discussions: >> https://t.me/KeralaIyersTrustGroup >> --- >> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups >> "KeralaIyers" group. >> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an >> email to [email protected]. >> To view this discussion on the web visit >> https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/keralaiyers/1507770148.650094.1692344346433%40mail.yahoo.com >> <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/keralaiyers/1507770148.650094.1692344346433%40mail.yahoo.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> >> . >> >> -- >> On Facebook, please join https://www.facebook.com/groups/keralaiyerstrust >> >> We are now on Telegram Mobile App also, please join >> >> Pattars/Kerala Iyers Discussions: https://t.me/PattarsGroup >> >> Kerala Iyers Trust Decisions only posts : https://t.me/KeralaIyersTrust >> >> Kerala Iyers Trust Group for Discussions: >> https://t.me/KeralaIyersTrustGroup >> --- >> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups >> "KeralaIyers" group. >> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an >> email to [email protected]. >> To view this discussion on the web visit >> https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/keralaiyers/634316968.1220097.1692350887388%40mail.yahoo.com >> <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/keralaiyers/634316968.1220097.1692350887388%40mail.yahoo.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> >> . >> >> -- >> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups >> "iyer123" group. >> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an >> email to [email protected]. >> To view this discussion on the web visit >> https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/iyer123/1395385730.735988.1692361649264%40mail.yahoo.com >> <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/iyer123/1395385730.735988.1692361649264%40mail.yahoo.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> >> . >> > -- > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups > "iyer123" group. > To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an > email to [email protected]. > To view this discussion on the web visit > https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/iyer123/CAEcNPKpsy_rMt33RbWNp_4Pj4yKYWi80DJ_%3DUvazu3LeTzgSHw%40mail.gmail.com > <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/iyer123/CAEcNPKpsy_rMt33RbWNp_4Pj4yKYWi80DJ_%3DUvazu3LeTzgSHw%40mail.gmail.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> > . > -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Thatha_Patty" group. 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