Q1 Which Ramayanam states so? Valmiki Ramayanam does not. This is what I term Gossip. Betel leaf is evidence only since 3000 BCE from ASI excavated fossils. Q4 Simple organic molecules, some of which are the building blocks in the biochemical pathways of life, can be produced in space! Astrochemists can use telescopes to observe a large variety of organic molecules within the dusty clouds in our galaxy. Researchers have discovered organic molecules on the surfaces of asteroids and comets. Even some meteorites have a large number of organic molecules within them, showing us that they formed in space. Also, some astrobiologists working in laboratories can emulate the energetically dynamic conditions in interstellar space. For instance, they can take icy mixtures of water, methanol, carbon dioxide, ammonia, and other simple compounds and expose them to UV radiation (as they would be exposed to from stars in space). What such scientists observe is the production of simple amino acids, which are the basic unit of proteins. Proteins are large biological molecules which serve as structural components in all life forms, as well as perform the majority of life’s functions including DNA replication and repair, metabolism (how a life form makes energy from food), and responding to stimuli: all of which are fundamental to an organism’s daily life. This work shows that chemistry that naturally occurs in space can lead to the production of biologically-relevant molecules. Since these reactions are thought to be occurring wherever new stars and planets are formed, this implies amino acids could be introduced to the surfaces of all newly formed planets, and this process could have played a key role in the origin of life on Earth.
*We’re still learning about how nucleosynthesis works:* For a long time, it was thought that the only way to make elements heavier than iron was in supernova nucleosynthesis of the largest stars, but new research is suggesting that other types of supernovae and other types of stellar processes may also form many of the heavier elements. For instance, when neutron stars bounce into each other and merge (something we can observe using gravitational waves), the energy should be enough to form many of the larger elements as well. The astronomer Jennifer Johnson has recently updated a version of the periodic table of elements to show the potential stellar environments where elements form based on our current knowledge (The Origin of the Elements <http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~jaj/nucleo/> [ohio-state.edu]). However, as she points out, “we still don’t know everything.” On top of other stellar ways to make heavy elements besides supernovae, we also know that some of the matter in our bodies and in rocks was formed more recently. For instance, cosmic ray spallation (or cosmic ray nucleosynthesis) is when cosmic rays bombard elements and cause them to make new elements. This is how a lot of our carbon-14 is formed. Cosmic rays that hit atoms of nitrogen-15 in our atmosphere can make carbon-14. Sadly, there’s also a lot of carbon-14 in our bodies and our atmosphere that came from nuclear weapons testing. This carbon is sometimes called “bomb carbon”. Is carbon 14 enough? Do we know the resources of other elements in our DNA? It is true that stellar C14 could be a plausible resource. But as stated above (for details read that book mentioned) it is not a theory of certainty. It is as bad as the betel leaf Sita gave Hanuman. Q5 Quantum mechanics says so: An atom changes from a ground state to an excited state by taking on energy from its surroundings in a process called absorption. The electron absorbs the energy and jumps to a higher energy level. In the reverse process, emission, the electron returns to the ground state by releasing the extra energy it absorbed. A calculation shows that the electron is traveling at about 2,200 kilometers per second. That's less than 1% of the speed of light, but it's fast enough to get it around the Earth in just over 18 seconds. In quantum mechanics <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_mechanics>, *Schrödinger's cat* is a thought experiment <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thought_experiment> that illustrates a paradox <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradox> of quantum superposition <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_superposition>. In the thought experiment, a hypothetical cat <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat> may be considered simultaneously both alive and dead, while it is unobserved in a closed box, as a result of its fate being linked to a random subatomic <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subatomic_particle> event that may or may not occur. This thought experiment was devised by physicist Erwin Schrödinger <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger> in 1935 in a discussion with Albert Einstein <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein> to illustrate what Schrödinger saw as the problems of the Copenhagen interpretation <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copenhagen_interpretation> of quantum mechanics. Fundamentally, the Schrödinger's cat experiment asks how long superpositions last and when (or *whether*) they collapse. Interpretations for resolving this question include that the cat is dead or alive when the box is opened (Copenhagen); that a conscious mind must observe the box (Von Neumann–Wigner <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Von_Neumann%E2%80%93Wigner_interpretation>); that upon observation, the universe branches into one universe where the cat is alive and another one where it is dead (many-worlds <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Many-worlds_interpretation>); that every object (such as the cat, and the box itself) is an observer, but superposition is relative depending on the observer (relational <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relational_quantum_mechanics>); that superposition never truly exists due to time-travelling waves (transactional <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transactional_interpretation>); that merely observing the box either slows or accelerates the cat's death (quantum Zeno effect <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_Zeno_effect>); among other theories that assert that the cat is dead or alive long before the box is opened. It is unclear which interpretation is correct; the underlying issue raised by Schrödinger's cat remains an unsolved problem in physics <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_physics>. Prominent physicists have gone so far as to suggest that astronomers observing dark energy <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy> in the universe in 1998 may have "reduced its life expectancy" through a pseudo-Schrödinger's cat scenario, although this is a controversial viewpoint. In August 2020, physicists presented studies involving interpretations of quantum mechanics <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_mechanics> that are related to Schrödinger's cat and Wigner's friend <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wigner%27s_friend> paradoxes, resulting in conclusions that challenge seemingly established assumptions about reality <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reality>. So atoms travel or at rest is a debatable point since it travels 1% less than the speed of light. Then will it be the same speed, in space so as to start reaching us for DNA purposes? KR IRS 21 8 23 On Mon, 21 Aug 2023 at 18:52, 'gopala krishnan' via iyer123 < [email protected]> wrote: > *CULTURAL QA 08-2023-21A* > > Q1 Why is betel leaf used for Hanuman? > > A1 ARUN Kashyap, May 29 > > Hanuman ji love's betel leaf According to Ramayana, the time when *Shri > Hanuman reached Lanka to convey the message of Lord Ram to Sita Devi, she > gave him a garland made with betel leaves when she couldn't find anything > else to offer him as a token of delight and appreciation.* > > This is why people offer betel leaves while worshiping Shri Hanuman.jai > shri Ram > > Sushil Kumar > > Q2 What are some unknown facts about Brihadeeswarar Temple? > > A2 Former Assistant Manager at IOCL PETROL (2007–2019)Fri > > Here are some unknown facts about the Brihadeeswarar Temple: > > The temple is built entirely of granite, and it is estimated that more > than 130,000 tons of granite were used in its construction. > > The main vimanam (temple tower) is 216 feet (66 m) tall and is the > tallest in India. > > The statue of Nandi at the entrance of the temple is carved out of a > single block of granite and weighs 20 tons. > > The lingam inside the sanctum sanctorum is 3.7 meters tall and is one of > the largest in India. > > The temple is built on a moving raft of sand, which helps to absorb the > shock of earthquakes. > > The temple is said to have been built without the use of metal tools. > > The temple is said to be so well-designed that it does not cast a shadow > on the ground at any time of day. However, this is a myth that has been > debunked by scientists. > > The temple is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. > > Q3 What is the advantage of eSIM over a normal SIM? > > A3 InfoSage, Professional Maven2h > > eSIM (embedded SIM) technology offers several advantages over traditional > physical SIM cards. Here are the key benefits of using eSIM: > > 1. Flexibility and Convenience: > > eSIM eliminates the need for a physical SIM card, allowing you to switch > between mobile carriers without changing the physical card. > > You can add multiple eSIM profiles to a single device, enabling you to > have separate lines for personal and business use or when traveling > internationally. > > 2. Remote Activation: > > eSIM activation can be done remotely, without the need for a physical SIM > card to be inserted. This makes it easier to set up new devices or switch > carriers. > > 3. Storage and Space Efficiency: > > eSIM is embedded directly into the device's hardware, freeing up the SIM > card slot for other purposes, such as expandable storage. > > It eliminates the risk of losing or damaging physical SIM cards. > > 4. Global Roaming Simplified: > > When traveling, you can easily switch to a local carrier's network through > eSIM, without having to buy a new SIM card or change your number. > > 5. Instant Activation: > > eSIM activation is typically faster than traditional SIM card activation, > as it doesn't require manual insertion and setup. > > 6. Streamlined Device Setup: > > When purchasing a new device, eSIM allows for a quicker and smoother > activation process, reducing the need for physical handling of SIM cards. > > 7. Compatibility with IoT Devices: > > eSIM is particularly useful for Internet of Things (IoT) devices and > wearables, as it allows them to be connected to cellular networks without > the need for large SIM cards. > > > > 8. Enhanced Security: > > eSIM technology incorporates robust security measures to prevent > unauthorized access or tampering. > > 9. Reduced Plastic Waste: > > With eSIM, there's less reliance on physical plastic SIM cards, > contributing to a reduction in e-waste and environmental impact. > > 10. Remote Management: > > Carriers and device manufacturers can remotely manage and update eSIM > profiles, making it easier to provide new services or switch plans without > the need for a physical swap. > > 11. Future-Proofing: > > eSIM technology is becoming increasingly common and supported by more > carriers and devices, making it a future-proof choice. > > 12. No Physical Swaps: > > eSIM eliminates the inconvenience of swapping SIM cards between devices, > especially if you frequently switch between devices. > > > > In summary, eSIM offers greater flexibility, convenience, and efficiency > compared to traditional physical SIM cards. It simplifies the process of > changing carriers, setting up new devices, and managing multiple lines, > making it an attractive option for modern mobile users. > > Q4 How do scientists know that every atom in our body was once > part of some distant star billions of years ago? > > A4 Ganesh Subramaniam, Amateur Radio Operator, Amateur Astronomer > Fri > > *Most of the elements that make up the periodic table are produced in > supernovae explosions - the final stage of evolution of massive stars*. > > So it is true nearly all the elements in the human body are made in a star > and many have come through several supernovae - recycled. > > Stars carry out nuclear fusion reactions at their cores, producing light > elements until it reaches the stage of iron. This is when the fusion > reactions cease because fusion of iron consumes more energy than it can > produce. When fusion stops, the star is not in hydrostatic balance > anymore,, and it explodes as a supernova, expelling all the elements that > had been generated so far. Then the next generation of stars form from > those elements, burn and are again swept out. This is how star material > is recycled. > > When the supernova explosion occurs the blast initially contains a large > density of free neutrons, which may rapidly synthesize, generating roughly > half of the elements in the universe that are heavier than iron. > > Are we made of stardust? > > Reminds me of Joni Mitchel in Woodstock, 1969 - We are Stardust: > > We are stardust,We are golden,And we've got to get ourselves. > > Q5 Why do atoms never stop moving? > > A5 Silk Road,Fri > > Atoms are not like tiny balls that bounce around and collide with each > other. > > *Atoms are made of even smaller particles, such as protons, neutrons, and > electrons, and these particles behave in very strange ways that defy our > common sense.* > > For example, electrons do not orbit the nucleus like planets around the > sun, but rather exist as clouds of probability that can be in more than one > place at the same time. > > Electrons also have a property called spin, which makes them act like tiny > magnets that can align or oppose each other. > > One of the consequences of quantum mechanics is that electrons can only > have certain discrete energy levels, depending on their distance from the > nucleus and their spin orientation. > > *These energy levels are like the rungs of a ladder, and electrons can > only jump from one rung to another by absorbing or emitting photons > (particles of light).* > > The lowest energy level is called the ground state, and it is the most > stable configuration for an electron. > > *However, even in the ground state, the electron still has some kinetic > energy (*energy of motion), because it cannot be completely still due to > the uncertainty principle. > > The uncertainty principle, formulated by Werner Heisenberg in 1927, > states that there is a fundamental limit to how precisely we can know both > the position and the momentum (mass times velocity) of a particle at the > same time. > > The more we know about one, the less we know about the other. This means > that if we try to measure the exact position of an electron, we will lose > information about its momentum, and vice versa. > > Therefore, there is always some uncertainty in both quantities, and this > uncertainty translates into a minimum amount of motion for any particle. > > This minimum amount of motion is what prevents electrons from stopping > completely, even at absolute zero temperature. > > Absolute zero is the theoretical lowest possible temperature, where all > thermal motion (motion due to heat) ceases. It is equal to -273.15 degrees > Celsius or -459.67 degrees Fahrenheit. > > However, even at this temperature, atoms and electrons still retain some > quantum mechanical motion, which cannot be eliminated by any means. > > This motion is called zero-point energy or quantum fluctuations. > > Verdict: > > Atoms are governed by quantum mechanics, which imposes certain > restrictions on their behavior that are incompatible with classical physics. > > Atoms never stop moving because they have inherent quantum mechanical > motion that cannot be reduced to zero by any physical process. > > *All the above QA are from Quora digest to me on 21-08- 2023.* > > *Quora answers need not be 100% correct answers .Compiled **and posted by > R. Gopala krishnan, on 21-08-2023* > > > > -- > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups > "iyer123" group. > To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an > email to [email protected]. > To view this discussion on the web visit > https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/iyer123/885200502.1249975.1692624119520%40mail.yahoo.com > <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/iyer123/885200502.1249975.1692624119520%40mail.yahoo.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> > . > -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Thatha_Patty" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to [email protected]. To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/thatha_patty/CAL5XZopk5vFn5NtLgeKTwbzM3Vo3zs84a9XiLQeGph%2BZ6N0%2ByA%40mail.gmail.com.
