CULTURAL QA08-2023-24A Q1 Inthe course of human history, what inventions appeared remarkably early, andwhich inventions oddly late?
A1 Jay Bazzinotti, Aug 10 Remarkably early: The axle that holds the wheel to a carriage. The wheel was not the great invention - the method of attaching the wheelto something was. There were no drills then. It had to be pegged or tiedon. The wheel dates to4000BC. Remarkably early: Steel swords started showing up around 500 AD. The process of makingsteel is extremely difficult. Remarkably early: Analog computers such as the Antikythera Device weremade probably by Archimedes in 200BC Remarkably early: The suction pump. Possibly Hero of Alexandria around60BC the suction pump has remained largely unchanged for 2000 or more years. Healso invented the first steam engine. Remarkably early: the principles of hydraulics used bythe Romans to move water and make fountains work. They discovered that waterraised to a height would provide half the pressure of the height of the watertower. So they built huge casteltums to capture water at height to drive itthrough the cities Remarkably early: the sewer The Romans invented theunderground sewer to take waste from grates in the street and dump it in ariver. It was called the “Cloaca Maxima” and it still works today. At the timethe Romans considered it one of their greatest inventions. Remarkably late: The fire grate (around 1650). This incredibleinvention changed how fire was used and its efficiency by orders of magnitudeand until then, fire was just made on the ground or floor. Also the “chimney”didn’t come into wide use until around 1200. When it first came out, peoplecame from miles around to see the incredible new technology. Until then, peoplejust put a hole in the roof or let the smoke gather and go out the windows.When the pilgrims first made homes in America, those homes had no chimneys - andwhen they did, they were made of clay-covered wood and houses often burneddown. Another late-seeming invention is the table fork. Althoughit showed up in Turkey as early as 850 it did not come into wide use until the1600s when the world’s first tourist, Thomas Coryat wrote about seeing it usedwhen he went to Italy in the 1400s. The thing is, when it first came out, itwas scene as effete and if you used one, you were thought to be a homosexual.Governor Winthrop brought the first fork to America in the mid 1600s and it wasmarveled at. Forks in those days were two-tined and crude and were not used toput food in your mouth because they were too sharp. Four tine forks didn’t showup until the 1850s. Submission accepted by Nicole Cardigan Q2 DidAlbert Einstein's children inherit his IQ? A2 BATMAN,Unofficial Historian Aug 17 Einstein had three children. The eldest was a girl named Lieserl. The world ignored her existenceuntil a batch of letters was discovered between Einstein and his first wife in1986. In the letters, there was mention of a daughter, born around 1902. The fate of this child is unknown,but she probably died very young. Einstein's second child was a son named Hans Albert, who earned a doctorate in engineering and became a university professorand a recognized expert in hydraulics. He was obviously very intelligent, although he was apparently not quiteon the level of his father. The third child was also a son, Eduard, who showed promise but was struck by schizophreniaat the age of 21. He spent the rest of his life staying more or lesslong in psychiatricestablishments. Q4 Whyis there no company in Europe and Japan in the smartphone business and softwaretechnology that can match the level of Apple, Samsung, and Huawei? Whathappened to them? A4 Guillermo Álvarez "Raposu",Multipurpose biologicalmachineAug 14 There was, it was called Nokia. And it reached a level that neitherSamsung nor Apple are even able to dream of right now. The phones were Nokia, period. There was no second place, therewere simply a lot of tiny brands with hardly any market share compared to the Finnish giant. But they made mistakes with Symbian OS, and after its purchase byMicrosoft, the computer giant failed to reach people despite having the best mobileoperating system on the market, WindowsPhone OS, which is still better than the current iOS and Android OS. My note-When did Nokia get discontinued? On 25 April 2014, Nokia sold its mobile phone businessto Microsoft for approximately €3.79bn. €1.65bn was paid by Microsoft for aten-year license to Nokia's patents. Nokia's mobile phone assets became a partof Microsoft Mobile, based in Finland. Chennai: After a gap of six years, Nokia factory inSriperumbudur restarted production, making phone parts and chargers under its new owner — Salcomp,Finnish electronics component maker. The unit which was restarted by the TamilNadu chief minister will be fully occupied in phases.24-Oct-2020 Q5 Whydo so many software engineers can't afford to retire in their 40s even afterearning so much? A5 Indrazith Shantharaj,Trader & Best Selling Author atwww.profiletraders.inUpdated Aug 7 I was earning Rs.80,000 toRs.90,000 in 2013-14.I used to pay Rs.10,000 towards rent, and I used to spendRs.20,000 on house expenses.Hence, I saved a minimum of Rs.30,000 to Rs.50,000every month. I used to go for some trips atleast 1-2 times every month, and my life was happy.I had a small gang in theoffice. We used to go to breakfast/lunch/coffee together. There was an intelligent girl in our group. She is from awealthy family; her husband also worked in a reputed company with a goodsalary.One day she announcedthat she planned to buy a flat from an investment perspective. She shared all the details about the project. I was alittle curious and hence met the builder of the project.Fromour discussion, I came to know that the cost of the 2-bhk flat comes to aroundRs.50,00,000 (50 Lakh), and the delivery will be after 2 years. They also informed me that once the projectis ready, the same flat will be sold at a minimum of Rs.80,00,000 toRs.90,00,000 (80-90 lakh). I thought it was a fantastic deal. Besides, my familymembers were also forced to buy a house for a long time.So I paid Rs.10,00,000 inadvance and opted for Rs.40,00,000 home loan from a bank. I was damnhappy when the deal was closed. In the next month's salary, Rs.40,000is deducted towards the EMI of the flat. All of a sudden, whatever I wassaving every month became zero. Besides, I had lost all my savings (as I paid 10 lakhs inadvance). It was stressful at times. Butsomehow, I used to manage.The entire apartment project had 4 or 5floors. Even after 1.5 years, the builder hadn't completed the 2ndfloor. Immediately I realized that this projectwould take a few more years. I used to pay EMI as well as rentfor the house I am staying in. This became an enormous burden in my head. Forget about retirement; I also had a tough time working in theoffice. Earlier, my aim was to become afull-time trader. But now, I failed to make some profits even from trading.So I decided to sell the flat. Please note one thing in life - people behavedifferently when you are a buyer and their behavior changes when you are aseller! Finally, I sold my flat for a small loss and felt relieved.I don'tblame my friend or builder in this case. Because my friend had the backing ofher family and bought the house as an additional investment. In my case, I didn't have myparents backing and also invested all my monthly savings. Now I know how the majority of the builders work.I takecomplete responsibility for not assessing the situation appropriately. Like me, many software engineers take out large home loans in order tobuy a nice home, and then they are stuck in a cycle of having to make high monthly payments(EMIs). This leaves them with little money left overat the end of the month to save for retirement. Additionally, most software engineersdon't receive raises proportionate to the cost of living increases, so theirsalaries don't keep up with inflation. In this way, they can quickly fallbehind and find themselves unable to afford a comfortable retirement. Q6 Whathuman errors changed history forever? A6 RI Shohag,19h This mistake changed the course of history forever. During the Crimean War in the 19thcentury, several countries began to put pressure on Russia, through blockadesof maritime routes so that they could not supply their largest overseasterritory, "Alaska". So to make up for this in 1867 Russia ended up selling the territory tothe United States for $7.2 million, although at the time it mayhave been a smart move in retrospect it was a mistake as thegold and oil discovered in Alaska far exceeds the value for which it was sold. Not only that, but the fact that Russia had a foothold in the Americas would have caused the Cold War toplay out very differently. Q7 Where was diamond first discovered? A7 Somehistorians believe that diamonds were first mined in India, where they werecollected from riverbeds and streams. According to the GemologicalInstitute of America (GIA), India was trading in diamonds as early as the fourth century BC. Diamonds were prized for theirhardness, brilliance, and ability to refract light and engrave metal.They werealso used as talismans, ornaments, and medical remedies. However, other sources suggest that diamonds were discovered earlier thanthat, possibly between 2500 and 1700 BC by the Dravidians in India during theIndus Valley Civilization. This ancient civilization wasknown for its advanced culture, trade, and technology.Some believe that theywere the first to recognize the value of diamonds and use them for variouspurposes. The earliest written reference to diamond is a Sanskrit manuscript by aminister in a northern Indian dynasty, dated from 320-296 BC. The manuscript describes thequalities of diamond, such as its invincibility, beauty, and rarity.It alsomentions six types of diamonds, based on their color and clarity. Diamonds remained a largely Indian phenomenon untilthey reached Europe through the Silk Road: a network of trade routes that connected Asia and Europe. By the1400s, diamonds became fashionable accessories for Europe's elite. However, as India's diamond supply dwindled, new sources were soughtafter. In the early 1700s, Brazil emerged as a major diamond producer, afterdiamonds were found in the pans of gold miners. Brazil dominated the diamond marketfor more than 150 years, until the discovery of diamonds in South Africa in1866. This sparked a diamond rush that led to the establishment of De BeersConsolidated Mines, a company that controlled most of the world'sdiamond production by 1900. Today, diamonds are mined in manycountries around the world, including Russia, Canada, Australia, and Botswana. Diamonds are still regarded as symbols of love, romance, and commitment, as well as status,wealth, and power. They are also used for industrial and scientific applications, such ascutting tools, abrasives, and lasers. So, where was diamond first discovered? The answer is not definitive, but rather depends on how you define discovery.Was it when humans first saw a shiny pebble in a river? When they firstrecognized its unique properties?When they first traded it or wore it? Or whenthey first documented it? Perhaps the best answer is thatdiamond was discovered many times, by many people, in many places. My note- Geberal belief is India discovereddiamonds Q8 Inwhat year was Spain founded, and by whom was it founded? A8 Jason Almendra ,BA Geography Hunter College. I took collegeHistory Mon Ok, Queen Joanna the Mad of Castile became the firstmonarch of Spain when her father King Ferdinand of Aragon died in1516. However as her nickname indicated. She was affected by the loss of herhusband Philip the Handsome king of Castile in 1506. Her mother Queen Isabelaof Castile died earlier that year. So her son Charles I ruled as King of Spain upon Ferdinand’s death. Joanna was locked up in a nunnery and died in 1555. Charles later became Holy Roman Emperor Charles V in 1519. Charles abdicated his throne in1556. His son Philip II ruled Spain and Burgundy, his younger brother Ferdinandruled as Holy Roman Emperor. Q9 Whatis the greatest mystery of all time? A9 RI Shohag, Blogger 7h It was 1971, in Portland (USA) a middle-aged man,dressed in an impeccable black suit and a briefcase, boarded a plane bound forSeattle. The man sat in the last row of the plane, ordered abourbon and soda and drank while he watched the clouds in the sky from theplane windows. Shortly after taking off, a stewardess was making sure that all thepassengers had their seatbelts on, when suddenly the guy in thesuit, who was traveling underthe name of Dan Cooper, gave him a little note, the stewardess who wasused to insinuations of all kinds. guy, crumpled it up and placed it in hispocket. A smiling Dan Cooper told him to read the note. " I have a bomb hidden in the briefcase" said the note. And while the stewardess wasstill holding the paper, theman opened the briefcase and revealed that indeed, it did have an explosivedevice. The terrified stewardess took the note to the pilot, who decided toland in Seattle, where Cooper gave the final instructions, he wanted $200,000and to take off again to a destination that he would tell them in the middle ofthe flight so they would not be tracked. He allowed the passengers to get off, once they got him the 200,000 hedemanded, they took off again, this time under his orders, heading to MexicoCity. Cooper opened the rear door of the Boeing727 and parachuted 10,000 feet in the dead of night over the rugged mountainsof Washington state, vanishing forever. His real name was never known and hiswhereabouts are still unknown. The FBI has investigated morethan a million people over 45 years, none of them turned out to be the mysteryman. So even if it looks like a James Bond movie,it is real and this is one of the biggest mysteries in modern history, at leastin my opinion. Q10 Whyis a grave 6 feet deep? A1- Silk Road, AI Expert11h One of the most popular theories isthat it dates back to the plague outbreak in London in 1665, when the mayorissued a pamphlet that ordered that "all the Graves shall be at least 6foot deep". The reason for this was probably to prevent animals from digging up thecorpses and spreading the disease further. Or maybe it was just a randomguess. Either way, it didn't work very well, because therewere so many dead people that they had to bury them in mass graves that weresometimes 20 feet deep or more. And the plague didn't stop until ayear later, when a fire burned down most of the city. Another theory is that 6 feet was a convenient depth for gravediggers,who could dig a hole that was deep enough to fit a coffin, but not so deep thatthey would need a ladder to get in and out. They could also throw the dirt out withouthitting their heads. And they could still see the light of day, which must havebeen nice in such a gloomy job. But here's the twist: not all graves are 6 feet deep. In fact, modern burial laws varyfrom state to state and city to city in the United States. Some states only require 18inches of soil on top of the casket or vault, which means a grave could be asshallow as 4 feet. And some people choose to beburied in shallower or deeper graves, depending on their preferences orbeliefs. For example, some Jewish traditions require a grave to be 3 feet deep,while some Muslim traditions require a grave to be 5 feet deep. All the above QA are from Quora websiteon 24 -08-2023. Quora answers neednot be 100% correct answers. Compiled and posted by R. Gopala Krishnan, 79, on 24-08-2023. -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Thatha_Patty" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to [email protected]. To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/thatha_patty/26598528.2323632.1692888780616%40mail.yahoo.com.
