Saffron is a shade of yellow or orange, the colour of the tip of the saffron crocus thread, from which the spice saffron is derived. The hue of the spice saffron is primarily due to the carotenoid chemical crocin. The word saffron deep saffron approximates the colour of India saffron (also known as bhagwa or kesari). In Rajasthani, this colour is called kesariya. The word derives its name from kesar, the Hindustani name for saffron, an important crop in Kashmir. Kumkumadi comes from its key ingredient, the Red-Gold #Saffron <https://www.instagram.com/explore/tags/saffron/> which is known as Kunkuma in Sanskrit. Kuṅkuma (कुङ्कुम) refers to “saffron” (perfume), according to the 13th-century Matsyendrasaṃhitā: a Kubjikā-Tripurā oriented Tantric Yoga text of the Ṣaḍanvayaśāmbhava tradition from South India.—Accordingly, “[Visualisation of Parameśvara]:—[...] His heart is agitated with sexual desire. His lotus face displays a faint smile. This is how the Yogin should visualise his body for a long time, as transformed into Śiva. All his limbs are perfumed with sandal, aloe, camphor, musk and saffron (*kuṅkuma*). He has a beautiful face. He is surrounded by millions of gem islands, in a chamber on a fine bed”. Kuṅkuma (कुङ्कुम) refers to “saffron flowers”, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.2.22 <https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/shiva-purana-english/d/doc226042.html>. Accordingly as Śiva said to Sitā:—“[...] O my beloved, beautiful woman, clouds will not reach the place where I have to make an abode for you. [...] O Goddess of Devas, there are many beautiful blue lotuses emitting sweet fragrance. On the banks there are many grass lands, small and big trees and the saffron flowers (*kuṅkuma*) increasing the fragrance of the waters with which the lakes are full”. Kuṅkuma (कुङ्कुम) refers to the medicinal plant known as *Crocus sativus*, sty./stg., and is used in the Ayurvedic formulation known as Cyavanaprāśa <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/cyavanaprasha#ayurveda>: an Ayurvedic health product that helps in boosting immunity.—Cyavanaprāśa has been found to be effective as an immunity booster, vitalizer and a preventer of day to day infections and allergies such as common cold and cough etc. It is a classical Ayurvedic formulation comprising ingredients such as Kuṅkuma. [...] Cyavanaprāśa can be consumed in all seasons as it contains weather-friendly ingredients which nullify unpleasant effects due to extreme environmental and climatic conditions. 1) Kuṅkuma (कुङ्कुम) refers to a “crimson color” [?], according to the Bṛhatsaṃhitā (chapter 3) <https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/brihat-samhita/d/doc226719.html>, an encyclopedic Sanskrit work written by Varāhamihira mainly focusing on the science of ancient Indian astronomy astronomy (Jyotiṣa).—Accordingly, “If in Śiśira (February, March) the sun be of copper colour or red black, if, in Vasanta (April, May), blue crimson [i.e., *kuṅkuma*], if, in Grīṣma (June, July), slightly white and of gold color, if, in Varṣā (August, September), white, if, in Śarada (October, November), of the colour of the centre of the lotus, if, in Hemanta (December, January), of blood color, mankind will be happy. If, in Varṣā (August, September), the rays of the sun be soft, mankind will be happy even though the sun should be of any of the colors mentioned above”.
2) Kuṅkuma (कुङ्कुम) refers to “saffron”, according to the Bṛhatsaṃhitā (chapter 10) <https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/brihat-samhita/d/doc226727.html>.—Accordingly, “If the course of Saturn should lie through the constellation of Viśākhā, the Trigartas, the Chinese and the Kulūtas, saffron [i.e., *kuṅkuma*], lac, crops and everything of bright, red or crimson colour will suffer. If the course of Saturn should lie through the constellation of Anurādhā, the Kulūtas, the Taṅgaṇas, the Khasas, the people of Kāśmīra, ministers, drivers and bell-ringers will suffer, and friends will turn into enemies”. 2) Kuṅkuma (कुङ्कुम) refers to “saffron”, representing the material to be used for the images (*pratimā*) <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/pratima#jyotisha> of the planet Mercury, according to the Āśvalāyanagṛhyapariśiṣṭa (2.3).—[Images of and offerings to *grahas*]—The materials which are used to compose the images ( *pratimā*) of the *grahas* are prescribed: red copper (Sun), crystal (Moon), red sandal-wood (Mars), gold (Mercury and Jupiter), silver (Venus), iron (Saturn), lead (Rāhu) and white copper (Ketu) [i.e., *kāṃsya*]. Such prescriptions for the planetary images are not found in *gṛhya* texts except in the Āśvalāyanagṛhyapariśiṣṭa (2.3) where the materials are almost the same as those in Yājñavalkyasmṛti, the only difference being the use of saffron [i.e., *kuṅkuma*] for Mercury instead of gold. According to the Śāntikalpa (13.3), red copper (Sun and Mars), gold (Mercury and Jupiter), silver (Moon and Venus), and black iron (Saturn, Rāhu, and Ketu) are used. The word "orange" entered Middle English from Old French and Anglo-Norman orenge. The earliest recorded use of the word in English is from the 13th century and referred to the fruit. The first recorded use of "orange" as a colour name in English was in 1502, in a description of clothing purchased for Margaret Tudor. Other sources cite the first recorded use as 1512, in a will now filed with the Public Record Office. It is generally thought that Old French calqued the Italian melarancio ("fruit of the orange tree", with mela "fruit") as pume orenge (with pume "fruit"). Although pume orenge is attested earlier than melarancio in available written sources, lexicographers believe that the Italian word is actually older.The word ultimately derives from a Dravidian language – possibly Tamil நாரம் nāram or Telugu నారింజ nāriṃja or Malayalam നാരങ്ങ nāraŋŋa — via Sanskrit नारङ्ग nāraṅgaḥ "orange tree". From there the word entered Persian نارنگ nārang and then Arabic نارنج nāranj.[2] The initial n was lost through rebracketing in Italian and French, though some varieties of Arabic lost the n earlier. {Mainly Orange was associated only with the fruit; and adopted in English for colour; Naranga in Sanskrit is Narthangai etc; C vitamin fruit; and the colour was adopted as in English later} However, Saffron was English Orange colour which existed long ago in Vedam. Religion: The color Saffron (Hindi: भगवा, romanized: Bhagwā) is considered as sacred color in Hinduism. According to Hindu mythology, Saffron (or Kesariya) is the color of Sunset (Sandhya) and Fire (Agni) ( Now read above where color passed from SUN to Ketu in astrology ) which symbolises sacrifice, light, and quest of salvation. The color is worn by Hindu saints and ascetics as their devotion toward the religion. Many Hindu kingdoms and dynasties had Saffron color in their flag denoting the Sanātana Dharma, including the Maratha Empire. Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism associate saffron with the pious renunciation of material life. Saffron holds symbolic meaning in Sikhism, representing spirit and sacrifice. Originally a shade of yellow called basanti, the field of the modern Nishan Sahib is saffron. Turbans worn by Sikhs most often are blue or white, but basanti colour is common. ORANGE@SAFFERON@BASANTI ETC ARE REFLECTED THROUGHOUT THE WORLD: • Bhagwa colour flag, used by Hindus • Flag of the Sikh religion, the Nishan Sahib. • Theravada monk in Thailand • Hindu ascetic · .The Flag of India (since 1947) is saffron, white and green Bhagwa Dhwaj, used as the flag of the Maratha Empire.Bhagwa or the saffron colour denotes renunciation or disinterestedness. Our leaders must be indifferent to material gains and dedicate themselves to their work. The white in the centre is light, the path of truth to guide our conduct. The green shows our relation to (the) soil, our relation to the plant life here, on which all other life depends. The "Ashoka Chakra" in the centre of the white is the wheel of the law of dharma. Truth or satya, dharma or virtue ought to be the controlling principle of those who work under this flag. Again, the wheel denotes motion. There is death in stagnation. There is life in movement. India should no more resist change, it must move and go forward. The wheel represents the dynamism of a peaceful change. · The saffron flag (bhagwa dhwaj) of the medieval Hindu warrior Shivaji was held in high esteem by the Hindu Mahasabha and Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) in the 1920s as a representative of Hindu resurgence and militaristic tradition. · The predominance of the saffron symbolism in the BJP and its allies led to the BJP being referred to as the 'saffron party' in the 1990s, and the term 'saffronisation' came to be used describe the increasing influence of Hindu nationalism in party politics. This period saw phrases such as the "saffronisation of the coastal belt", "saffronisation of Karnataka"[30] and "saffronisation of the Congress(I · Saffron-coloured cloth had a history of use among the Gaelic-Irish. A saffron kilt is worn by the pipers of certain Irish regiments in the British Army, and the saffron léine in the defence forces of the Republic of Ireland. · The latter garment is also worn by some Irish and Irish-American men as an item of national costume (though most wear kilts, believing them to be Irish). Its colour varies from a true saffron orange to a range of dull mustard and yellowish-brown hues. · The Antrim GAA teams are nicknamed "The Saffrons" because of the saffron-coloured kit which they play in. The Old Irish word for saffron, cróc, derives directly from the Latin Crocus sativus. In Ireland between the 14th and 17th centuries, men wore léinte (singular léine) loose saffron-coloured shirts that reached down to mid-thigh or the knee.. · The colour saffron is associated with the goddess of dawn (Eos in Greek mythology and Aurora in Roman mythology) in classical literature: · Homer's Iliad Now when Dawn in robe of saffron was hastening from the streams of Okeanos, to bring light to mortals and immortals, Thetis reached the ships with the armor that the god had given her. (19.1) · Virgil's Aeneid:Aurora now had left her saffron bed, And beams of early light the heav'ns o'erspread, When, from a tow'r, the queen, with wakeful eyes, Saw day point upward from the rosy skies. · Plants • Byzantine meadow saffron (Colchicum × byzantinum) is a hybrid flowering plant. • Cape saffron (Cassine peragua) is a flowering tree with saffron-coloured bark. • Cobra saffron (Mesua ferrea) is a tree found in southern Asia. • Meadow saffron (Colchicum autumnale) is a flowering plant found in Europe. • Mediterranean meadow saffron (Colchicum cupanii) is a flowering plant found in central Mediterranean basin. • Saffron buckwheat (Eriogonum crocatum) is a species of wild buckwheat endemic to the Conejo Valley. • Saffron spice is derived from the flowers of the plant named saffron crocus (Crocus sativus). • Saffron plum (Sideroxylon celastrinum) is a flowering plant found in North, Central, and South America. • Saffron thistle (Carthamus lanatus) is a thistle native to the Mediterranean basin. • Spring meadow saffron (Colchicum bulbocodium) is a flowering alpine plant found in Europe. • Steven's meadow saffron (Colchicum stevenii) is a flowering plant found in the eastern Mediterranean. · Birds A male saffron finch (Sicalis flaveola) • The saffron-billed sparrow (Arremon flavirostris) is a bird found in South America. • The saffron-breasted prinia (Prinia hypoxantha) is a passerine bird found in eastern South Africa and Swaziland. • The saffron-crested tyrant-manakin (Neopelma chrysocephalum) is a bird found in the Guianas, southern Venezuela, and the northwestern Amazon basin. • The saffron-crowned tanager (Tangara xanthocephala) is a bird found in the montane forests of South America. • The saffron-headed parrot (Pyrilia pyrilia) is a parrot found in the montane forests of South America. • The saffron finch (Sicalis flaveola) is a tanager from South America, and is common in both open and semi-open areas in lowlands outside the Amazon basin. • The saffron siskin (Spinus siemiradzkii) is a finch found in Ecuador and Peru. • The saffron toucanet (Pteroglossus bailloni) is a toucan from South American's Atlantic Forest. · Aquatic animals A male saffron shiner (Notropis rubricroceus) • The saffron cod (Eleginus gracilis) is a commercially harvested fish in the North Pacific. • The saffron-coloured clam (Tridacna crocea) is a bivalve found in the Indo-Pacific region. • The saffron shiner (Notropis rubricroceus) is a fish found in Tennessee River drainage. · Amphibians • The saffron-bellied frog (Chaperina fusca) is a frog found in the Malay Peninsula, Borneo, and the Philippines. · Insects A saffron milkcap (Lactarius deliciosus) • The saffron-winged meadowhawk (Sympetrum costiferum) is a dragonfly found in North America. • The saffron beetle (Calosoma schayeri) is a beetle found in Australia. • The saffron sapphire (Iolaus pallene) is a butterfly found in Africa. • The saffron skipper (Poanes aaroni) is a skipper found in North America. Fungi • False saffron milkcap (Lactarius deterrimus) is a fungus found in Europe and Asia. • Saffron milk cap (Lactarius deliciosus) is an edible fungus found in Europe. • Saffron ringless amanita (Amanita crocea) is an Amantia found in Europe. Viruses • The Saffron Scourge is another name for yellow fever. Hence White is flat normal colour whereas ORANGE @ SAFFRON is the root nature throughout the world. But oldest civilisation of India knew about it K RAJARAM IRS 5 9 23 On Mon, 4 Sept 2023 at 19:31, Laxminarayan Sarma < [email protected]> wrote: > Very well written, exhaustive and exttemely comprehensive puece by Mr > Gopalakrishnan.. > > On Mon, 4 Sep, 2023, 5:50 pm 'gopala krishnan' via iyer123, < > [email protected]> wrote: > >> Thank you sir for the addition about titile >> Gopalakrishnan >> >> On Monday, 4 September, 2023 at 04:50:15 pm IST, 'venkat giri' via >> iyer123 <[email protected]> wrote: >> >> >> Respected Sir/s, >> >> SUBJECT: WHITE AND *ORANGE* >> >> Orange: energy, enthusiasm, creativity, warmth >> >> White: Purity, Innocence, Cleanliness, Simplicity >> >> White: White or aatvarang means the eighth colour. There are seven >> colours; white is the eighth colour. This eighth colour or aatvarang means >> that dimension of life which is beyond. The one who chooses white walks >> the spiritual path, but is still involved in the other aspects of life. It >> represents purity, cleanliness, peace and knowledge. The goddess of >> knowledge, SARASWATI is always shown as wearing a white dress, sitting >> on a white lotus. The Brahmin is associated with white. Hindu religious >> leaders cover themselves with white ashes to represent their spiritual >> rebirth. White is the colour of mourning too. >> >> Orange: *T**he colour orange is believed to represent the essence of >> fire and its transformative qualities.* It is often associated with >> deities and revered figures in Hinduism, such as Lord Hanuman, who is >> known for his unwavering devotion and immense strength. Lord Hanuman is >> depicted with an orange or saffron-coloured complexion, representing his >> divine nature and spiritual power. >> >> When *ORANGE* and *WHITE* are combined, it typically results in a >> lighter shade of orange or a peach colour. Symbolically, this colour >> combination signifies CREATIVITY, ENTHUSIASM, SUCCESS, BALANCE & PURITY. >> >> · Orange White Resulting Colour is often associated with purity, >> innocence, and peace due to the white colour symbolism. >> >> · In colour psychology, orange is seen as *a fun, warm colour >> denoting energy, warmth, and the tropics.* >> >> · Using orange-white colour in branding or marketing can catch >> attention and provoke feelings of excitement and enthusiasm. >> >> · The combination of orange and white colour is frequently used >> in the healthcare sector, representing cleanliness and vitality. >> >> · *ORANGE** is highly visible, making it a perfect choice for >> designs that need to stand out.* >> >> · *The colour orange is a vibrant and energetic colour, created >> by blending red and yellow, symbolising the merging of passion and joy. In >> general, orange is known to evoke feelings of optimism, excitement, and >> happiness. It is a colour that can stimulate mental activity and encourage >> social interaction. Orange is also often linked to the concepts of >> youthfulness and adventure.* >> >> · *In many cultures, orange carries deep symbolism and meaning.* >> >> · *It is often associated with harvest and abundance, >> representing the ample yield of crops. In Hinduism, the orange is >> considered sacred and represents purity and spirituality. Buddhist robes >> are worn by monks to symbolise humility and detachment from material >> possessions* >> >> Regards >> >> V.Sridharan >> >> Trichy >> >> >> On Monday, 4 September, 2023 at 07:01:30 am IST, venkat raman < >> [email protected]> wrote: >> >> >> Namaste. Orange is a striking color. The lifebuoys, Orange smoke are used >> at sea. The rescuers can see from far off. Even the colour of the >> black-box of an aeroplane is orange. >> >> Venkataraman >> >> On Sat, 2 Sept 2023 at 13:35, gopala krishnan <[email protected]> wrote: >> >> Respected friends, >> >> My earlier posting on the subject has a lot of *grammatical errors and >> missing of words*. On reading the posting I found the changes made were >> not saved and got posted. >> >> I paste below the corrected copy. *Sorry for the oversight.* >> Gopalakrishnan >> >> *WHITE and ORANGE* >> >> Dear friends, >> >> This writing is based on arrival of eight coaches with engine of mainly >> orange colour painted VANDE BHARATH express, first batch of mainly >> orange colour on body from ICF Chennai at Mangalore Railway station. >> So inside seating and painting also will have orange reflection. Earlier >> coaches are mainly blue in colour. >> >> The orange colour gives more external appearance. >> >> Probably while going for repainting all old bogies may also be >> repainted in orange colour on body. There are also possibilities of next >> batch of Vandebharat train with parrot green and another batch with sindoor >> colour may arrive. These colours are also beautiful. >> >> In my boyhood days there was no discrimination in body colours. All >> trains had dark brown colour body. No stripes. Coaches with wooden body >> were there, but mostly with steel body. I have recollection of coach >> numbers etc. written in white colour. >> >> Sitting benches and sleeper berths were with wooden planks. >> >> I studied in middle school class about first five year plan, in which the >> ICF factory at Chennai, Perambur for building coaches was told. Later >> while coming to Madras (present Chennai) I could see the beautiful coaches >> manufactured and kept aligned near Villivakkam in a railway strip. Some >> of the coaches were for import even at that time. >> >> Only steam engines were there, it was common ashes from coal fall on >> body, eye while looking forward. .. >> >> When stripes started it was yellowish in colour. All identification >> letters were also in yellow colour, the same yellow colour used to mark >> coach numbers, type of coach etc. >> >> Most Goods wagons still have dark brown colour though some come with grey >> and light green colours on the body. >> >> When Blue mountain express was introduced it had blue as body colour. >> When Brindavan express was introduced it had green as body colour. The >> reputation of Blue mountain express still continues with AC coaches whereas >> Brindavan express has lost old prestige. It simply runs as a slow express >> train without AC chair car, after the introduction of Chennai- Bangalore >> Double Decker express. >> >> About a decade back or still earlier, decision was taken by railway >> ministry to change the colour of all coaches to light blue. All coaches >> when gone for painting, repainted in light blue colour. >> >> Later a decision was taken to have the colour of the coaches depend on >> the type of train. So coaches again got repainted in the order whether >> they are express, super express, passenger etc. Most of the express trains >> came with painting from window upwards in yellow colour. >> >> Later ministry started permitting Company advertisements in the coaches. >> It became difficult even to note the coach number. Still the >> advertisements continue in double decker trains between Chennai and >> Bangalore. We can watch actor Jeyaram in Ramraj cotton dhoti advertisement >> covering most of the body of a coach. Similarly inner wear banian >> advertisements. >> >> Engines changed from steam to diesel by about 1975’s. Engines changed >> to electric hauling after electrification of the routes. Still certain >> routes have diesel hauling. About a month back my daughter told me >> about the travel in the train with diesel engine between Mangalore and >> Bangalore. >> >> Seats changed from planks to cushion. The width of the cushion seat/berth >> and depth depends on the type of class. >> >> The elimination of first class and second class and appearance of 3rd AC >> was a major change. >> >> While thinking about body stripe colours, nationalised and other banks >> also use some uniform stripe colours in their offices for general >> painting and counters. >> >> Bank of Baroda uses orange stripe colour and light yellow as major colour >> . State bank of India uses blue colour stripes and white as major colour. >> Canara bank uses sky blue colour stripes. Karur Vaisya bank uses dark green >> colour stripes to quote some. Indian overseas bank also uses light >> blue colour stripes with light yellow as main colour. >> >> Gopalakrishnan 2-9-23 >> >> >> >> >> >> -- >> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups >> "iyer123" group. >> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an >> email to [email protected]. >> To view this discussion on the web visit >> https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/iyer123/299887487.2831495.1693826405068%40mail.yahoo.com >> <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/iyer123/299887487.2831495.1693826405068%40mail.yahoo.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> >> . >> >> -- >> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups >> "iyer123" group. >> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an >> email to [email protected]. >> To view this discussion on the web visit >> https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/iyer123/1761264368.2858746.1693830031340%40mail.yahoo.com >> <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/iyer123/1761264368.2858746.1693830031340%40mail.yahoo.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> >> . >> > -- > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups > "iyer123" group. > To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an > email to [email protected]. > To view this discussion on the web visit > https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/iyer123/CAEcNPKq4NrkAbu20N-1steDG0ypOk-fvc65CvHHTBvvhZ%3DrSig%40mail.gmail.com > <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/iyer123/CAEcNPKq4NrkAbu20N-1steDG0ypOk-fvc65CvHHTBvvhZ%3DrSig%40mail.gmail.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> > . > -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Thatha_Patty" group. 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