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From: 'gopala krishnan' via iyer123 <[email protected]>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 at 20:43
Subject: [iyer123] CULTURAL QA 10-2023-11A
To: Patty Thatha <[email protected]>, Iyer <
[email protected]>, Kerala Iyer <[email protected]>
Q and A 11 10 23 2
Q1 Why was Lord Ram exiled for exactly 14 years and not less or more
than that? What's the actual reason?
KR How many times have I to tell to write authentically since
children also read who shall never be misled nor a banner “what I am wring
I am not responsible” would absolve the guilt.
Nowhere in the Valmiki Ramayanam there is spoken any rule of
14 years; as 12 plus one Mahabhartham so too `14 here. In Ayodhya kandam
Part 2 chapter 11 and 18 alone three times the words used as NAVA PANCHASA,
(TWICE) AND SATHA SAPTHACHA (ONCE) . The reel must be stopped in raising
silly questions and answering in the as you like it style.
Q3 How important are tails? Do most animal tails have the same basic
function? What are some interesting tail facts?
Though written from researched martials so lengthy, tail is a finishing
touch for all species including the human. DNA factor without viscera
causing the tails in the growth is like an appendix for us. Some tails
vanished in the course of time and even altered. Without tail life can go
on. In animals they are used as one more hand. A dog tail can be cut and
yet dog can live with the balance, fanning and supporting in all functions.
It is same as silica tubes closed with the end fused.
Q4 What are some signs that someone is not as successful as they claim
to be (financially)?
KR All the 10 are gossips and hunches unsupported. May or may not be; and
others might also act that way.
Q5 Did Ancient Romans ever live past 100 years old?
KR I do not understand the idea; also, why Roman? and Dasharatha
lived 5 digits years as Rama did. Except written by someone there are no
authentic resources for any.
K Rajaram IRS 12 10 20
CULTURAL QA 10-2023-11A
Q1 Why was Lord Ram exiled for exactly 14 years and not less or more
than that? What's the actual reason?
A1 Sadhana, MBA from Mumbai, Maharashtra, India1y
Kaikeyi was very intelligent and the reason was a political one. Ramayana
is the story of Treta Yuga. During Treta Yuga that time there was a rule
that if a king would abandon his kingdom for 14 years then he would lose
all his hereditary rights of that empire.
However, he can regain the kingdom by winning it back in a war or by any
other means, but he cannot claim his right based on his royal blood
anymore. This rule is mentioned by Sage Valmiki in “AYODHYA KAND” of
Valmiki Ramayana.
Kaikeyi being the intelligent and witty person , she knew about this law.
Hence she asked for exactly 14 years for Rama’s exile. So, even if Rama
would come back he wouldn’t be able to claim any right over the throne or
empire and her son Bharat would be crowned as King.
Bharat denied to accept the Ayodhya throne and ruled as a representative of
Lord Rama for 14 years during the time when Ram was in exile
Q2 What is the full form of UIDAI? —
A2 Suneel G,Student3y
UIDAI: Unique Identification Authority of India
UIDAI stands for Unique Identification Authority of India. It is a
statutory authority or an agency of the Govt. of India that deals with the
implementation of the AADHAAR scheme, which is introduced to provide a
unique identification number to all residents of India to eliminate
duplicate and fake identities. It is headquartered in New Delhi and has
eight Regional Offices (ROs) in other cities of the country.
Furthermore, it has two Data Centers; one at Hebbal in Bengaluru,
Karnataka, and another at Manesar in Gurugram, Haryana. As of July 2019,
Ajay Bhushan Pandey is the CEO of UIDAI.
Q3 How important are tails? Do most animal tails have the same basic
function? What are some interesting tail facts?
A3 Gary Meaney, author of Zoology's Greatest Mystery (2022)16h
My note- Interesting but lengthy answer.
Tails in the animal world can serve just about any conceivable purpose
under the sun! Let’s take a look at the remarkable variety of tails found
in nature. For one thing, they can be surprisingly effective weapons. Many
animals use their tails when hunting.
Thresher sharks use their absurdly large caudal fins to literally slap
small fish and stun them!
Tail-slapping is also a common behaviour in orcas. They are often observed
punting their prey skywards for no apparent reason other than the fun of
it. With a single flick of its tail, an orca can launch a seal as much as
25 metres into the air!
Other animal tails are used to deliver a deadly dosage of venom. Those of
scorpions, of course, are in the business of dispatching prey.
Whereas those of stingrays have a more defensive purpose.
Various prehistoric animals - most famously the ankylosaurs - had a bony
club at the end of their tails which surely proved a brutally effective
defense mechanism. After all, what could survive a blow from one of these,
dealt by an armoured dinosaur bigger than an elephant?
An even more interesting case is perhaps that of the surgeonfish. This type
of fish gets its name from the little orange thing you can see on its tail:
a vicious spike, as razor-sharp as a surgical scalpel. There’s one on
either side. Normally, the scalpels lie flush with the tail, but if the
fish feels threatened, it will flick them out like switchblades. To make
matters worse, they are coated in venom!
Some tails are not weapons per se, but can nevertheless be used to catch
prey. The spider-tailed horned viper is an ingenious example. The tip of
its tail bears an incredible resemblance to a spider. The viper will lie
camouflaged and gently shake its tail, so as to even imitate a spider’s
movements. Birds, thinking they’ve found themselves a meal, swoop down, and
find themselves in the jaws of the crafty snake.
A bizarre shark, the tasselled wobbegong, has adopted a remarkably similar
strategy. Thanks to its amazing camouflage and weirdly flat body, it can
hide in plain sight on the seabed, lying in wait unbeknownst to its prey.
While most of its body stays motionless, it allows its tail to move about
and swish in the current.
The tail is in fact imitating the behaviour of a fish - it resembles one
too, even having dark “eyespots” to mimic eyes. Hungry sea creatures see
the faux fish and make a beeline, before getting engulfed by the
wobbegong’s massive maw.
Only in Australia will you find the weird tails of phasmid geckos. Unlike
most geckos, which only emerge at night, phasmid geckos can be seen out and
about during the day. This makes them vulnerable to predatory birds…
thankfully, the lizards have a trick up their sleeve.
They have the amazing ability of shooting a foul-smelling liquid from their
tails. The substance is actually harmless, but the nasty odour is enough to
deter birds.
Geckos, along with many other lizards, salamanders and the lesser-known
tuataras, are also famous for a different tail-related superpower:
autotomy. Literally, this term translates as “self-amputation”. When one of
these creatures is caught by the tail by a predator, the tail will simply
detach from the body, allowing them a chance to escape!
Generally, the tail grows back after autotomy, though not to its former
glory. Save for some rare exceptions, a simple rod of cartilage will
replace what was once a column of bony vertebrae.
In the animal world, tails have many uses related to locomotion, too. The
prehensile tail is a remarkable adaptation that many different groups have
figured out. Highly mobile and able to grasp objects, it can effectively
function as a fifth limb to help animals climb.
Prehensile tails are seen in too many mammals to name - everything from New
World monkeys to the adorable kinkajou.
Seahorses also have prehensile tails, not to climb, but to wrap around
seaweed or coral. This way, they don’t get swept away in a strong current.
Fascinatingly, the cross section of their tails is not round, but square.
This allows maximum surface area to grasp whatever they are attached to.
Similarly, the strange tentacled snake of Southeast Asian waterways uses
its tail to anchor itself to riverbeds while it lies in wait for
unsuspecting prey to swim by.
The tail of the cheetah is exceptionally long, and densely packed with
musculature. It effectively acts as a rudder - when the cheetah changes
direction at speed, it extends fully, becoming a counterweight to resist
the immense forces that would otherwise topple the cat. The species has a
reputation for being a speed demon, but its agility is arguably even more
impressive - its ability to turn on a dime is unmatched.
Its cousin the lion has a fluffy black tip on its tail, which actually
serves as an ingenious communication feature. The black fur stands out
starkly against the golden savannah grass, so lions on the move can easily
see where the rest of the pride is at all times.
However, since the tail is behind the body, it doesn’t give away a
camouflaged lion’s position to potential prey. Lions have black patches on
the back of their ears for the same reason.
The tails of wolves, and by extension domestic dogs, have an even more
sophisticated communication purpose. Subtle changes in the position or
movement of the tail can tell you a lot about how a wolf is currently
feeling.
Continuing the carnivore theme, let’s look at snow leopards. In their
chilly Himalayan habitat, they use their enormous fluffy tails to stay
warm. When resting, the tail is worn almost like a scarf, wrapped around
the body!
Then, of course, you have all the animals which use their tails to show
off. In many species - birds, in particular - the tail is a display
feature, full
of dazzling colours for attracting mates. The peacock is the prototypical
example, though I find the peacock spiders named after them just as
stunning.
Display tails in other birds can reach rather hilarious proportions.
There’s one which I’ve had the privilege of seeing in the wild myself, the
long-tailed widowbird of East Africa. The males have gigantic tail
feathers, the massive weight of which renders them useless at flying.
I’m also partial to the amazing tail plumage of the aptly named superb
lyrebird.
The superb lyrebird shares its Australian domain with kangaroos and their
cousins. Their huge tails are strong enough to function as a third limb
when planted on the ground, adding stability. They can even briefly support
the animals’ entire bodyweight!
Let’s not forget the weird species who use their tails as fat deposits to
store vast reserves of energy. The fat-tailed dwarf lemur of Madagascar is
one of the only tropical animals in the world that hibernates; it remains
dormant throughout the winter to avoid not cold but drought. Its chunky
tail is stuffed with fat to tide it over the hibernation period.
Perhaps the weirdest tail purpose out there is that of the binturong - a
pee paintbrush. This animal is known as the bearcat, though in truth it is
neither, being more closely related to civets and genets. It dwells high up
in the trees in Southeast Asian jungles, and believe it or not, its urine
smells strongly of popcorn. In order to mark its territory, the binturong
will urinate on its tail, and then sweep the tail across branches to
“paint” them with scent!
Also, while we’re here… another fun fact, as requested. What animal has the
longest tail relative to its body size? That would be the Asian grass
lizard, whose tail can be up to four times the length of the rest of the
body! It is prehensile, allowing the reptile to adeptly climb trees, and
can be detached and regrown.
So that was probably enough examples to fill a whole novel…
My note- Still tails of many domesticated animals are left out.
Q4 What are some signs that someone is not as successful as they claim
to be (financially)?
A4 Shivam Rajbhar,1 years working experience science 4h
1. They don’t have a circle of successful people.
A banker will have a group of financial friends while a start-up guy will
surround himself with a bunch of start-up guys.
2. Wealth is quiet. Rich is loud. Poor is flashy.
3. They don’t care about time.
True wealthy men are particular in time because they know these are the
most valuable resources.
4. They have fake rich hobbies.Clubbing, drinking, and partying.
5. They always try to impress people with their wealth and possessions.And
they want other people to know when they have spent a lot of money.
6. They are name-dropping like crazy.A real wealthy man will always keep
things private and will never act in that way.
7. They tend to buy pieces where the logo is big.For them, owning these
items is about making a statement, not the quality of the product.
8. They may own an expensive car but live in a relatively cheap apartment
or house.
9. They often do not have any savings or investments, even if they earn a
significant amount of money.
10. They constantly brag about who they know or where they’ve been
Q5 Did Ancient Romans ever live past 100 years old?
A5 Patrick S,intrigued by royalty13h
Yes, indeed! Ancient Romans did live past 100 years old, although it was
quite rare.
In the ancient world, reaching such a remarkable age was considered a
testament to one’s robust health and fortunate circumstances. While the
average life expectancy during Roman times was considerably lower than
today, there were exceptional individuals who defied the odds and enjoyed a
long and fulfilling life.
Now, let’s delve into the fascinating stories of a few extraordinary Roman
centenarians.
One notable example is Gaius Appuleius Diocles, a celebrated charioteer
from the 2nd century AD. Diocles achieved great fame and fortune through
his racing career, earning an estimated 35,863,120 sesterces—a fortune
equivalent to about $15 billion in today’s currency. Remarkably, he lived
to the ripe old age of 104, enjoying the benefits of his success for many
years.
Another remarkable Roman centenarian was Lucius Caecilius Iucundus, a
freedman who lived during the 1st century AD. Iucundus was a wealthy banker
and businessman known for his contributions to the arts. He amassed a
considerable fortune and even built a luxurious villa in Pompeii. Despite
the tumultuous nature of the times, Iucundus managed to live to the
impressive age of 105, leaving behind a lasting legacy.
It’s worth noting that these exceptional cases should not be taken as
representative of the average lifespan during ancient Roman times. Factors
such as socioeconomic status, access to proper nutrition, and overall
living conditions played significant roles in determining longevity. The
majority of Romans did not have the same opportunities as these fortunate
individuals, and their life expectancies were significantly lower.
Roman society recognized the rarity and significance of living past 100
years old. Those who reached this milestone were often revered and regarded
as exceptional individuals. They were seen as having been blessed by the
gods or possessing a special vitality that set them apart from the average
person.
While we have limited information about individual Romans who lived to be
centenarians, historical records and inscriptions provide glimpses into
their lives. These stories serve as a testament to the resilience and
tenacity of those who defied the odds and enjoyed a long life in ancient
Rome.
All the above QA are from Quora DIGEST to me on 11-10-2023.
Quora answers need not be 100% correct answers.
Compiled and posted by R. Gopala Krishnan, 80, on 11-10-2023.
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