CULTURAL QA 10202325
Q1 Can a helicopter fly across the ocean?
KR Some may wonder why I call Quora a gossip? Varum aana varaadhu
(may come but may not come also) style writing like Dina thanthi labelled
topics. Who said today a Helicopter cannot fly over the sea? and the author
also says some one flew in inflight refuelling; that means neither weather
nor refuelling is a cause of non-flight across the sea. Helicopter is a
small plane with a small fuel Tank; but today Israel flies it across the
Hamas war zone; I flew in a helicopter over the sea in Hawaii for 30
minutes; flying any aircraft depends on that pilot and in that machine.
Bob Ferry took off at the Hughes Airport at Culver City (just north
of LAX) at 2:20 p.m., Pacific Time. The aircraft twas so heavily loaded
with fuel that the test pilot exceeded the engine’s torque limit by 21%
just to get airborne. When he established a climb he reduced the power to
“red line.” During the entire flight he kept the engine at 105% N2 (a 2%
overspeed). He landed after 15 hours, 8 minutes of flight. (KR Japan SFO is
just 10 hrs across pacific)
On 26 March 1966, Allison Engine Company test pilot Jack Schweibold flew
the same YOH-6A to set three *Fédération Aéronautique Internationale* (FAI)
World Records for Distance Over a Closed Circuit Without Landing of
2,800.20 kilometers (1,739.96 miles).² One week earlier, 20 March, Jack
Zimmerman had set a *Fédération Aéronautique Internationale* (FAI) World
Record for Distance Over a Closed Circuit Without Landing of 1,700.12
kilometers (1,056.41 miles).³ Fifty-one years later, these four World
Records also still stand.
Robert George Ferry was born 29 November 1923 in Hennepin County,
Minnesota, the second child of Lucius M. and Charlotte E. Ferry. He
developed an interest in aviation during his teen years. Ferry earned a
bachelor’s degree from Florida Southern University. He entered the U.S.
Army Air Corps in 1943 and graduated from flight training at Luke Filed,
Arizona, in 1945.
Ferry trained as a helicopter pilot at San Marcos Army Air Field, Texas,
flying Sikorsky R-5 and R-6 helicopters. After graduation Lieutenant Ferry
was assigned to Panama.
In 1947, Robert Ferry married Miss Marti Holt of Austin, Texas. They
remained together for 62 years.
Bob Ferry flew 90 combat missions in helicopters during the Korean War. In
1954, he was accepted to the U.S. Air Force Experimental Test Pilot School,
Class 54C, at Edwards Air Force Base. (One of Ferry’s classmates was future
X-15 pilot, Robert M. White.)
Assigned as a test pilot Bob Ferry flew the McDonnell XV-1 Convertiplane
compound helicopter with pressure jet rotor drive and the Bell XV-3, an
experimental “tiltrotor.” On 6 January 1959, he completed the conversion
from helicopter to airplane mode. He also flew the Hughes XV-9A, an
experimental high-speed helicopter, which also used tip jets to drive the
rotor. After six years as a test pilot at Edwards, Ferry was assigned to
duties in Germany. He retired from the Air Force in 1964 with the rank of
Lieutenant Colonel.
Q2 How can the Sun have over 99.8% of the Solar System's mass even
though the star system has so much materials and planets?
KR Partly true; the correct factor is: “The total volume of the sun
is 1.4 x 1027cubic meters. About 1.3 million Earths could fit inside the
sun, according to NASA's statistics
<https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/solar-system/sun/by-the-numbers/>. The mass
of the sun is 1.989 x 1030 kilograms, about 333,000 times the mass of the
Earth. The sun contains 99.8 percent of the mass of the entire solar system
<https://www.space.com/16080-solar-system-planets.html>, leading
astronomers Imke de Pater and Jack J. Lissauer, authors of the
textbook Planetary
Sciences
<https://target.georiot.com/Proxy.ashx?tsid=72128&GR_URL=http%3A%2F%2Famazon.com%2Fdp%2F1107091616%2F%3Ftag%3Dhawk-future-20%26ascsubtag%3Dspace-in-1111550875354407300-20>,
to refer to the solar system as "the sun plus some debris".
But the sun's weight isn't constant. Over time, the solar wind
<https://www.space.com/22215-solar-wind.html> has carried particles, and
thus mass, away from the star. According to astronomer Phil Plait
<http://www.slate.com/blogs/bad_astronomy/2014/07/14/solar_wind_versus_fusion_how_does_the_sun_lose_mass.html>,
the sun loses an average 1.5 million tons of material every second to the
solar wind.
Meanwhile, in the heart of the star, mass is converted into energy. The
powerhouse of the star converts more than 4 million tons of solar material
into energy every second, Plait said.
Altogether, Plait estimated that the sun has lost a total of 1024tons of
material over its 4.5-billion-year lifetime, or more than 100 times the
mass of the Earth. While that sounds like a lot, it's only about 0.05
percent of the star's total mass. “
*1. * *Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system.*
*2. **Jupiter's mass is nearly 1000 times that of the Sun.*
*3. **Sirius, Pollux, Alpha Centauri A, UY Scuti etc. are some examples of
stars bigger than the sun.*
Jupiter is in our solar system or not?
Q3 What is the scariest thing about the universe?
KR What is meant as scary? Our neibors to some are scary.
Q4 Do animals have full control of their tails? Or is it purely a
reactionary limb? Does it vary between animals?
KR Uncontrollable limbs any specie have?
Q5 How does exercise benefit mental health and cognitive function?
KR Oxidisation is the objective of the exercise
KR IRS 26 10 23
---------- Forwarded message ---------
From: 'gopala krishnan' via iyer123 <[email protected]>
Date: Wed, 25 Oct 2023 at 18:59
Subject: [iyer123] CULTURAL QA 10-2023-25
To: Patty Thatha <[email protected]>, Iyer <
[email protected]>, Kerala Iyer <[email protected]>
*CULTURAL QA 10-2023-25*
*All the BELOW QA are from Quora digest to me on 25-10- 2023.*
*Quora answers need not be 100% correct answers *
*.Compiled* *and posted by R. Gopala krishnan, on 25-10-2023*
*Q1 Can a helicopter fly across the ocean?*
*A1 Rebecca Williams, Experience in Aviation4h*
*Yes, it can be done**, but it is not easy or practical. One of the biggest
challenges of flying a helicopter across the ocean is refueling. Unlike
airplanes, helicopters cannot fly for very long without stopping to refuel.*
*The average flight range of a helicopter is between 250 to 400 miles,
depending on the type, weight, and speed of the helicopter**. This means
that a helicopter would have to stop several times to refuel on its way
across the ocean, which would require finding suitable landing spots or
ships along the route. A helicopter could refuel in midair from a tanker
aircraft, but this would require special equipment and coordination.*
*Another challenge of flying a helicopter across the ocean is the weather**.
The ocean can be unpredictable and hostile, with strong winds, storms, fog,
and waves that can affect the flight performance and safety of a
helicopter. A helicopter would have to avoid flying in bad weather
conditions or low visibility, which could limit its options and
flexibility. A helicopter would also have to deal with the effects of
saltwater corrosion on its metal parts and electronics, which could reduce
its reliability and lifespan.*
*A third challenge of flying a helicopter across the ocean is navigation. A
helicopter would have to follow a precise route and maintain constant
communication with air traffic control** and other authorities along the
way. A helicopter would also have to use accurate instruments and
navigation aids to fly without visual reference over the vast and
featureless ocean. A helicopter would also have to cope with the changes in
time zones and daylight hours as it crosses different regions of the world.*
*These are some of the main challenges of flying a helicopter across the
ocean that make it a difficult and rare endeavor**. These challenges are
not impossible to overcome, as some helicopters have proven in the past.
For example, in 1952, two Sikorsky H-19 helicopters flew from Massachusetts
to Scotland in 16 days, with several stops along the way. In 1967, two
Sikorsky HH-3E helicopters flew from New York to Paris in 30 hours, with
nine in-flight refuelings. In 1982, a Bell 206L LongRanger flew from
California to Hawaii in 14 hours, with one in-flight refueling.*
*Q2 How can the Sun have over 99.8% of the Solar System's mass even
though the star system has so much materials and planets?*
*Tyler Morningstar, Studied Biochemistry & Astrophysics at Advanced
Placement (AP) Courses (Graduated 2018)Updated 3y*
*Because the sun is…just…huge**. It's really, really big. There is so much
matter that makes up the sun that it's actually horrifying to even think
about. Even Jupiter, our biggest planet, is small and relatively
lightweight compared to the large star we orbit. If you look up scale
models of these things, it'll make your body hair stand on end. It sends
chills down my body when I see the sheer difference in size.*
*Edit: some comments have pointed out that I forgot to mention density when
it comes to mass calculation.** These things are common knowledge for some,
and foreign to others, so I would just like to add it in.*
*The suns average density is **1.41g/cm**^3 and the** average density of
the planets are as follows in g/cm^3:*
*Mercury: 5.4 Venus: 5.2 Earth: 5.5 Mars: 3.9 Jupiter: 1.3
Saturn: 0.7 Uranus: 1.3 Neptune: 1.6*
* Pluto: 1.9*
*Now, even though the planets are generally DENSER on average than the sun,
they're not dense enough have enough matter in their little selves to make
up more than 0.2% of the solar systems mass. Keep in mind, this is just the
planets (yeah I know Pluto isnt a planet but I included it anyways) and
there are also asteroids and comets and moons and such included in that
0.2%. Anyways, I just wanted to include this little snippet in here for
anyone interested.*
*Q3 What is the scariest thing about the universe?*
*A3 Neeraj Tiwari, Oct 9*
*We are so small and insignificant in the universe that it's hard to fathom**.
If the Earth were to disappear tomorrow, the universe wouldn't even notice.
*
*For example, when you look at the Earth:*
*Now, compare it to Jupiter and Saturn...*
*But when you compare it to the Sun, the Earth is just a tiny speck, and
you realize that the Sun is truly immense.*
*Now, let's compare it to other stars in the Milky Way.*
*Antares is a massive and impressive star, right? Well, take a look at the
Milky Way... I'm sure you'll agree that it's nothing compared to the Milky
Way!*
*The Milky Way is an impressive galaxy, but it's not necessarily unique.
There are still billions of galaxies in the observable universe.*
*If something were to happen to Earth tomorrow, it would have no
significant impact on the universe.*
*It's like taking a drop of water from the ocean.*
*Q4 Do animals have full control of their tails? Or is it purely a
reactionary limb? Does it vary between animals?*
*A4 Gary Meaney, author of Zoology's Greatest Mystery (2022)13h*
*It does indeed vary**. In vertebrates, tails are columns of bones
numbering anywhere from three to fifty. Between each pair of bones is of
course a joint. Most mammals don’t have much range of motion in these
joints, and thus have limited control of their tails. Others, however, have
great mobility throughout, and have full control over their tails’
movement.*
*Such a tail is referred to as a prehensile tail; one able to grasp objects**.
A surprisingly diverse array of animals have prehensile tails. Many use
them as a fifth limb, to help them climb trees. Interestingly enough,
monkeys in Africa and Asia do not sport prehensile tails, but all the New
World monkeys of the Americas do.*
*Using just the tiny muscles on the very tips of their tails, these
Colombian red howlers can hold their entire body weight with ease!*
*That’s only scratching the surface of prehensile-tailed critters, though.
Meet, for example, the wonderful kinkajou. This adorable denizen of the
Amazon Rainforest is remarkable for a number of reasons, including its
diet, over 90% of which is purely fruit! Figs are its favourite. It also
has a 13 cm long tongue, used to drink nectar from deep flowers. This makes
it one of the only mammal species that pollinates!*
*The kinkajou was actually once considered to be a species of primate. It’s
easy to see why, what with its tree-dwelling lifestyle, forward-facing
eyes, and indeed its long prehensile tail. However, we now know that it’s
actually a very unique primitive species in the family Procyonidae. In
other words, it’s a cousin of the raccoon.*
*Believe it or not, some species of anteaters have prehensile tails**. When
you think of an anteater, you likely think of a giant anteater, which is a
great lumbering beast of the grasslands. However, it is an outlier among
its kind: the majority of anteaters are smaller creatures which climb
trees.*
*The southern tamandua is one example. It has a bare patch of tough skin at
the tip of its tail called a friction pad, which improves the tail’s grip
on branches while climbing.*
*Even more wacky is the silky anteater. It’s one of those creatures which
treads the delicate line between cute and creepy - it almost looks made up!
Despite its small size, it can eat up to 5,000 ants a day. It is thought
that its fluffy appearance may actually be camouflage, imitating the woolly
seed pods of the silk cotton tree!*
*Its prehensile tail isn’t even its craziest adaptation for climbing. The
silky anteater’s Latin name Cyclopes translates to “circle foot”, referring
to its absolutely bizarre feet. Each foot has a swollen red “sole”, and a
single huge claw, large enough to encircle a whole branch like a hook.*
*Because of this anatomy, silky anteaters are completely incapable of
walking on the ground - they live out their lives entirely in the trees.*
*You may be even more surprised to hear that there are seventeen species of
prehensile-tailed** porcupines. These porcupines, which are found all
across the jungles of Central and South America, are adept climbers. They
generally only come out at night, spending most of the daytime hiding in
tree hollows high up in the canopy. Though reclusive, they are very feisty
when cornered.*
*Some of these guys can look pretty unique, like this brown hairy dwarf
porcupine:*
*Or its cousin the Mexican hairy dwarf porcupine:*
*But you ain’t seen nothin’ yet. We can get even weirder. The African tree
pangolins climb with prehensile tails too. All over their bodies are
keratinous scales, likely evolved from hair long ago. There are two species
alive today. This beauty is a black-bellied pangolin.*
*Who contrasts magnificently with the other species, the white-bellied
pangolin. This one’s scales almost resemble a shimmering suit of armour.*
*I’ll now introduce you to the enigmatic binturong. Its tail isn’t quite as
mobile as those of the animals** we’ve just met, but is nevertheless able
to grasp objects and assist in climbing. The binturong is commonly referred
to as the bearcat, but in truth it is neither a bear nor a cat. It belongs
to the same family as civets and genets, all meat-eating arboreal animals.*
*Its prehensile tail has a secondary function… it’s a pee paintbrush.** To
mark its territory, a binturong will spray its tail with urine (which
smells strongly of popcorn!), and then sweep the shaggy tail along branches
to deposit the scent.*
*Indeed, a prehensile tail isn’t just useful for climbing**. Ingenious
opossums use theirs to carry bundles of leaves to their den, which they
then make into bedding material. Seahorses actually have prehensile tails
too, and they function as anchors.*
*If the current is strong, a seahorse will wrap its tail around a nearby
object such as seaweed, tethering itself to the structure.** What’s
fascinating is that, if you looked at a cross section of this tail, it
wouldn’t be circular, but square! This means that as much surface area as
possible grips onto whatever it is it’s holding.*
*The tentacled snake has a similar behaviour. Native to Southeast Asia,
this serpent is aquatic - it may go its whole life without ever slithering
onto the land.** It gets its name from the two freaky tentacles protruding
from its head. These are actually sensory organs, able to detect minute
vibrations in the water.*
*The tentacled snake feeds only on fish, and it does** so with a remarkable
strategy. Assuming a “J” shape, it half-buries itself in the sediment,
using its strong prehensile tails to anchor it to the bottom even in a
fast-flowing river. If a fish comes near, the snake moves slightly to
deliberately startle it. Because of the “J” arrangement of the snake’s
body, the fish flees in the wrong direction, jumping straight into the
serpent’s jaws!*
*This answer is just a highlight reel of some of the most interesting
species who have full muscular control over their tails.** I’ve skipped
over loads of other examples, from lizards to mice to salamanders to
tenrecs. What’s more, it’s not just tails that can be prehensile. Horses
have prehensile lips, and giraffes have prehensile tongues!*
*Q5 How does exercise benefit mental health and cognitive function?*
*A5 Alec McHaul, Research Engineer at AKEB (2019–present)1h*
*Exercise offers numerous benefits for mental health and cognitive
function:*
*Release of Endorphins: Exercise triggers the release of endorphins, which
are natural mood lifters. They** help reduce feelings of stress, anxiety,
and depression, promoting a sense of well-being.*
*Stress Reduction: Physical activity reduces the** body's stress hormones,
leading to a more relaxed state. It can help manage and alleviate stress
and its related symptoms.*
*Improved Sleep: Regular exercise can improve the** quality and duration of
sleep. Good sleep is essential for overall mental well-being and cognitive
function.*
*Enhanced Brain Function: Exercise increases blood** flow to the brain,
providing it with essential oxygen and nutrients. This can enhance
cognitive function, including memory, attention, and problem-solving.*
*Neurotransmitter Regulation: Exercise can help** regulate
neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine, which play a crucial role in
mood and motivation.*
*Reduced Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety:** Numerous studies have shown
that exercise can reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety and can be used
as a complement to traditional therapy.*
*Boosted Self-Esteem: Regular exercise often leads** to improved
self-esteem and self-confidence, which positively impacts mental health.*
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