CULTURAL QA 11202307
Q1 What are some examples of historical figures who were punished
for being 100% correct?
KR: Early rebellions of India: Maveeran Alagumuthu Kone was an
early rebel against the British presence in Tamil Nadu. He became a
military leader in the town of Ettayapuram and was defeated in battle
against the British and Maruthanayagam's forces. He was executed in 1757.
Puli Thevar opposed the Nawab of Arcot, who was supported by the
British. Maruthanayagam Pillai was a commandant of the British East India
Company's Madras Army. He was born in a Tamil Vellalar caste family in a
village called Panaiyur in British India, what is now in Nainarkoil Taluk,
Ramanathapuram District of Tamil Nadu, India. He converted to Islam and was
named Muhammad Yusuf Khan. He was popularly known as Khan Sahib when he
became a ruler of Madurai. He became a warrior in the Arcot troops, and
later a commandant for the British East India Company troops. The British
and the Arcot Nawab employed him to suppress the Polygar (a.k.a.
Palayakkarar) uprising in South India. Later he was entrusted to administer
the Madurai country when the Madurai Nayak rule ended. He later rebelled
against the British and the Arcot Nawab. A dispute arose with the British
and Arcot Nawab, and three of Khan's associates were bribed to capture him.
He was captured during his morning prayer (Thozhugai) and hanged on 15
October 1764 at Sammatipuram near Madurai. Local legends state that he
survived two earlier attempts at hanging, and that the Nawab feared Yusuf
Khan would come back to life and so had his body dismembered and buried in
different locations around Tamil Nadu.
Ganga Narayan Singh, leader of Bhumij rebellion In Eastern
India and across the country, Indigenous communities organized numerous
rebellions against the British and their fellow members, especially
landlords and moneylenders. One of the earliest of these on record was led
by Binsu Manki around 1771 over the transfer of Jharkhand to the East India
Company. The Rangpur Dhing took place from 1782 to 1783 in nearby Rangpur,
Bengal.[11] Following the Binsu Manki's revolt in Jharkhand, numerous
rebellions across the region took place including the Bhumij Revolt of
Manbhum from 1798 to 1799; the Chero Uprising of Palamu in 1800 under the
leadership of Bhukan Singh, and two uprising of the Munda community in
Tamar region, during 1807 led by Dukan Mank, and 1819-20 under the
leadership Bundu and Konta. The Ho Rebellion took place when the Ho
community first came in contact with the British, from 1820 to 1821 near
Chaibasa on the Roro River in West Singhbhum, but were defeated by the
technologically enhanced colonial cavalry. A larger Bhumij Revolt occurred
near Midnapur in Bengal, under the leadership of Ganga Narain Singh who had
previously also been involved in co-leading the Chuar Rebellions in these
regions from 1771 to 1809.[14] Syed Mir Nisar Ali Titumir was an Islamic
preacher who led a peasant uprising against the Hindu Zamindars of Bengal
and the British during the 19th century. Along with his followers, he built
a bamboo fort (Bansher Kella in Bengali) in Narkelberia Village, which
gained a prominent place into Bengali folk legend. After the storming of
the fort by British soldiers, Titumir died of his wounds on 19 November
1831. These rebellions lead to larger regional movements in Jharkhand and
beyond such as the Kol Insurrection led by Singhray and Binray Manki, where
the Kol (Munda, Oraon, Bhumij and Ho communities) united to rebel against
the "outsiders" from 1830 -1833.
Birsa Munda, leader of Munda rebellion (Ulgulan) The Santhal Hul was a
movement of over 60,000 Santhals that happened from 1855 to 1857 (but
started as early as 1784) and was particularly led by siblings - brothers
Sidhu, Kanhu, Chand and Bhairav and their sisters Phulo and Jhano from the
Murmu clan in its most fervent years that lead up to the Revolt of 1857
More than 100 years of such escalating rebellions created grounds for a
large, impactful, millenarian movement in Eastern India that again shook
the foundations of British rule in the region, under the leadership of
Birsa Munda. Birsa Munda belonged to the Munda community and lead thousands
of people from Munda, Oraon, and Kharia communities in "Ulgulaan" (revolt)
against British political expansion and those who advanced it, against
forceful conversions of Indigenous peoples into Christianity (even creating
a Birsaite movement), and against the displacement of Indigenous peoples
from their lands To subdue these rising tensions which were getting
increasingly out of control of the British, they aggressively set out to
search for Birsa Munda, even setting up a reward for him. They brutally
attacked the Dombari Hills where Birsa had repaired a water tank and made
his revolutionary headquarters between January 7–9, 1900, murdering a
minimum of 400 of the Munda warriors who had congregated there, akin to the
attacks on the people at Jallianwallah Bagh, however, receiving much less
attention. The hills are known as "Topped Buru" today - the mound of the
dead.[24] Birsa was ultimately captured in the Jamkopai forest in
Singhbhum, and assassinated by the British in jail in 1900, with a rushed
cremation/burial conducted to ensure his movement was subdued.
Pazhassi Raja, fought the British in a series of continuous struggles
for 13 years during the Cotiote War. The toughest resistance the Company
experienced was offered by Mysore. The Anglo-Mysore Wars were a series of
wars fought in over the last three decades of the 18th century between the
Kingdom of Mysore on the one hand, and the British East India Company
(represented chiefly by the Madras Presidency), and Maratha Confederacy and
the Nizam of Hyderabad on the other. Hyder Ali and his successor Tipu
Sultan fought a war on four fronts with the British attacking from the
west, south, and east, while the Marathas and the Nizam's forces attacked
from the north. The fourth war resulted in the overthrow of the house of
Hyder Ali and Tipu (who was killed in the final war, in 1799), and the
dismantlement of Mysore to the benefit of the East India Company, which won
and took control of much of India.[25] Pazhassi Raja was the prince regent
of the princely state of Cotiote in North Malabar, near Kannur, India
between 1774 and 1805. He fought a guerrilla war with tribal people from
Wynad supporting him. He was captured by the British and his fort was razed
to the ground.
In 1766 the Nizam of Hyderabad transferred the Northern Circars to
the British authority. The independent king Jagannatha Gajapati Narayan Deo
II of Paralakhemundi estate situated in today's Odisha and in the
northernmost region of the then political division was continuously
revolting against the French occupants since 1753 as per the Nizam's
earlier handover of his estate to them on similar grounds. Narayan Deo II
fought the British at Jelmur fort on 4 April 1768 and was defeated due to
superior firepower of the British. He fled to the tribal hinterlands of his
estate and continued his efforts against the British until his natural
death on the Fifth of December 1771.
ll Velu Nachiyar, was one of the earliest Indian queens to fight
against the British colonial power in India. Rani Velu Nachiyar
(1730–1796), was a queen of Sivaganga from 1760 to 1790. Rani Nachiyar was
trained in war match weapons usage, martial arts like Valari, Silambam
(fighting using stick), horse riding and archery. She was a scholar in many
languages and she had proficiency with languages like French, English, and
Urdu. When her husband, Muthuvaduganathaperiya Udaiyathevar, was killed in
battle with British soldiers and the forces of the Nawab of Arcot, she was
drawn into battle. She formed an army and sought an alliance with Gopala
Nayaker and Hyder Ali with the aim of attacking the British, whom she
successfully challenged in 1780. When the inventories of the Britishers
were discovered, she is said to have arranged a suicide attack by a
faithful follower, Kuyili, dousing herself in oil and setting herself
alight and walking into the storehouse. Rani formed a women's army named
"Udaiyaal" in honour of her adopted daughter, who had died detonating a
British arsenal. Rani Nachiyar was one of the few rulers who regained her
kingdom, and ruled it for a decade more.
Veerapandiya Kattabomman was an eighteenth-century Polygar and
chieftain from Panchalankurichi in Tamil Nadu, India who waged the Polygar
war against the East India Company. He was captured by the British and
hanged in 1799 CE. Kattabomman refused to accept the sovereignty of East
India Company, and fought against them. Dheeran Chinnamalai was a Kongu
Nadu chieftain and Palayakkarar from Tamil Nadu who fought against the East
India Company After Kattabomman and Tipu Sultan's deaths, Chinnamalai
sought the help of Marathas and Maruthu Pandiyar to attack the British at
Coimbatore in 1800. The British forces managed to stop the armies of the
allies, forcing Chinnamalai to attack Coimbatore on his own. His army was
defeated and he escaped from the British forces. Chinnamalai engaged in
guerrilla warfare and defeated the British in battles at Cauvery in 1801,
Odanilai in 1802 and Arachalur in 1804.
In 1804 the King of Khordha, Kalinga was deprived of his traditional
rights to the Jagannath Temple. In retaliation, a group of armed Paiks
attacked the British at Pipili. Jayee Rajguru, the chief of Army of Kalinga
requested a common alliance against the British. After Rajguru's death,
Bakshi Jagabandhu launched an armed rebellion against the East India
Company's rule in Odisha. This is now known as the Paik Rebellion, the
first Rebellion against the British East India Company.
KR It is only a small passage; I may add more to it; and so why would have
I to know outsiders other than India.
Q2 What are some things that Indian parents don't realize about
their children?
KR: Family is reflective thoughts of one’s own actions of the past
and the present; relationships to be understood with the freedom of choice
and relegate his own living peacefully. So as a father he did sell only his
own property, lest his son should have also signed the registration. And he
is a good father who got a flat for his son to reside also carefully on his
own. I don’t feel about it as it is life and all shall learn to lead
according to the surroundings.
Q3 What are the downsides to living in Norway?
KR The writer is a lazy bum. Is there any nation where people of
that nation ever wrote that living there is so beautiful? Complaining is
natural. None of the allegations are different from other nations. Child
welfare is so breadth taking while the same rule affects the non-complaint
as a foreigner. Never criticise any country; having born and having done
nothing to progress that nation one shall not expect too much from. Naver
say what did the nation did to you; ask what did you do the nation.
KR IRS 71123
---------- Forwarded message ---------
From: 'gopala krishnan' via Thatha_Patty <[email protected]>
Date: Tue, 7 Nov 2023 at 15:27
Subject: CULTURAL QA 11-2023-07
To: Patty Thatha <[email protected]>, Iyer <
[email protected]>, Kerala Iyer <[email protected]>
*CULTURAL QA 11-2023-07*
*All the BELOW QA are from Quora DIGEST to me on 07-11-2023.*
*QUORA ANSWERS NEED NOT BE 100% CORRECT ANSWERS.*
*Compiled and posted by R. Gopala Krishnan, 80, on 07-11-2023.*
*Q1 What are some examples of historical figures who were punished
for being 100% correct?*
*A1 Sven Jeske, History geek before the word 'geek' was even
invented Sep 12*
*Ignaz Semmelweis.*
*Semmelweis was a physician and scientist in the Austrian empire, of German
ancestry and born near Budapest. He studied medicine and was appointed to a
position equivalent to today’s US “chief resident” in the Vienna General
Hospital in 1846.*
*Back then, one of the most common causes of death among women was
“childbed fever”. In the “First Clinic” where Semmelweis worked, about ten
percent (in some months even as high as thirty per cent) of all women died
due to puerpural fever. *
*In the “Second Clinic” of the same hospital, it was much lower - only four
per cent. That was a widely known fact that caused Semmelweis a lot of
trouble. Women begged to be transferred to the Second Clinic, a lot rather
preferred to give birth on the street than stay in the First Clinic.
Strangely, those street births had about the same mortality rate as in the
Second Clinic, while everybody would have expected it to be much higher.*
*He tried to figure out the reason. And the only difference left - after he
had eliminated more than a dozen theories - between the two stations was
the personnel. *
*The First Clinic was the teaching service for medical students, while the
Second Clinic had been selected for the instruction of midwives. The
hypothesis he finally came up with was that he and other medical students
and doctors contaminated themselves with “cadavrous particles” while doing
post mortem autopsies in the hospital. That was about the only thing that
the midwives from the other area did not do. Following that, he instituted
a policy that after an autopsy or similar contact with a corpse, everybody
had to wash their hands with a chlorined solution. The result was this:*
*Semmelweis theory that the level of hygiene and cleanliness alone would
drive the mortality was met … with absolute contempt by the medical
community. *
*Diseases were considered to be an imbalance of the so-called “four
humours” inside the body, and were usually treated with bloodletting - not
with soap. Everybody knew that. First Semmelweis was ignored; then he was
rejected, then ridiculed and harassed. The hospital fired him, nobody else
wanted to hire the “madman”. Even his own wife believed that he had lost
his mind.*
*He was eventually forced to move back to Budapest, where he continued
trying to convice the doctors of his discovery - to no avail. Depressed and
impoverished, twenty years after his breakthrough, he was forcibly commited
to a lunatic asylum in 1865, where he died due to septic shock only 14 days
later, likely after having been beaten by guards.*
*One year after Semmelweis’ death, Louis Pasteur published his ideas of the
germ theory of diseases, that in the end would prove Semmelweis 100%
correct.*
*Q2 What are some things that Indian parents don't realize about
their children?*
*A2 Seema Bhatt, Teacher (1995–present)4y*
*Based on a true story.This is about an old couple.They were very gentle in
nature.*
*They had a son who was married and have two children. All of them were
living quite happily.*
*But suddenly the wife of the old man passed away.*
*After a few days the son came to his father and said,*
*“ Dad, you shift yourself to the small room near the garage. Your daughter
in law is having a lot of problems for you. After mom's demise she has to
do the chores of the house and in your presence she is facing a lot of
difficulty to work in a saree.”*
*The father said, “ I don't have any objection in whatever daughter in law
wears. Let her wear clothes in which she is comfortable.”*
*The son said, “ Still, she has problem in this. You better shift to that
room.”*
*Without uttering a word the father shifted to the small room adjacent to
the garage.*
*About one month after the incident the old man called his son and handed
tickets of a foreign trip for his family and said, “ Take everyone for a
vacation. Go, enjoy and refresh yourselves.”*
*The son's family happily went for the trip.*
*In the meantime, the old man sold his house which was 4 crores worth, in
just 2 crores.*
*He then bought a nice flat for himself in an apartment and transferred his
son's belongings into a rented flat in another apartment.*
*When the son returned from the trip,he found a watchman at the gate of
their house. The watchman told him that the house has been sold.*
*Astonished, the son called his father but he couldn't connect.*
*Sensing the situation the watchman asked him if he is trying to call the
previous owner of the house. The son nodded.*
*The watchman said that the previous owner has changed his phone number and
has told to inform him when his son is back.*
*Saying this the watchman handed the phone to the son to talk with his
father. Over the phone the father told him to wait there.*
*After sometime a car stopped and the old man got down from it. He handed a
bunch of keys to his son and said, “These are the keys of your new flat. I
have paid the rent for a year. The rest is your choice. Keep your wife the
way you want to and live happily the way you feel happy.”*
*Saying this the old man went back.*
*Indian parents don't realise that they always have a tendency do more than
needed for their children.*
*Parents spend the active phase of their lives bringing up their children
in the best possible way. But when the same children become successful in
their lives, they not only refuse to be with them but also don't hesitate
to snatch their possessions.*
*But, without letting their children to torture them, I feel parents should
be able to make up their minds to teach such children a lesson like the
story above.*
*My note- A touching story. But whether the old property was purchased from
him or inherited? If inherited I cannot say the father was correct- He was
deceiving the son.*
*Q3 What are the downsides to living in Norway?*
*A3 Harini Iyer, Lives in Oslo, Norway (2022–present)Oct 20*
*In India, a lot of people tell me how lucky I am to be living in a
developed country. Norway is a great place to live overall, however, there
are so many downsides to living here as well which need to be considered
before deciding whether to move here or not. So here are some downsides
which have affected me so far-:*
*Unavailability of doctors*
*This is one major problem that most of us face after coming here. Meeting
the country’s prime minister is easier than getting a doctor’s appointment
here.*
*In July, this year when it was summer vacation I was having some problems
with my menstrual cycle due to which I had to run to the emergency room one
day. They asked me to see a gynecologist and it has been more than 3
months, and I still have not gotten an appointment from a gynecologist. Now
my menstrual cycle is almost back to normal with no doctor appointment.*
*A friend of mine suddenly had an increase in her eye power due to which
she needed new spectacles, she could not get an appointment with an eye
doctor here and she struggled to even see properly for weeks together which
she ended up missing out on a lot of work. And in the emergency room,
unless they think that your case is a life or death sort of situation they
will make you wait outside for at least 5 hours or longer. So, falling sick
here is the worst nightmare that one can encounter. I miss India in this
aspect because the second one gets sick they are attended to by a doctor.*
*2. Everything is closed on Sundays and holidays*
*Here nothing is open on Sundays and holidays, you will not even see an ant
crawling on the road and nobody comes out on Sundays either. So, in every
market, there is a stampede-like situation on Saturdays because most people
do not have time to shop on weekdays. During public holidays, like easter
vacation and Norwegian National Day/Constitution Week, no shops are open,
nobody works and everyone, everything is dead. During the easter vacation,
I had a really hard time with food. I had to survive on snacks from
convenience stores like 7-Eleven that are open 24*7. I had no idea that
easter vacation was like this. It is close to a nightmare to be in Norway
during public holidays.*
*3. It is either day or night, there is no in-between here*
*I think everyone knows this but it is weird to actually experience it.
During summers, I could not sleep because there was light falling on my
face at 2 or 3 in the morning and it never got fully dark.*
*Now it is autumn here and we are slowly transitioning towards winter. The
nights are getting longer and the days are getting shorter. These days,
there is no light until 8:30 in the morning and my mind still thinks it is
night time even at 8 in the morning. I am unable to attune myself to the
fact that it is morning and I have to get ready and leave the house because
it is so dark. A month from now, there is a very bleak chance of my seeing
daylight. Luckily, I live in Oslo, the capital city which is Eastern Norway
so it is not that bad. As you go up North it gets worse. Not to mention, it
is always super cold here, and I carry several clothes in my bag. Because,
as the day progresses it gets colder and colder, I need to keep adding more
and more layers of clothes to my body. But when I am indoors the heating
makes the heat unbearable so I need to take off all those layers.*
*This summer we also had a heat wave in June which made me very very very
uncomfortable, and I still have those sunburns from that heat wave all over
my body.*
*4. Language barrier*
*The official language here is Norwegian, if you do not speak the language
it is really hard to integrate into society or find jobs here(for IT
professions it is relatively easier but for every other profession, it is
really hard). Even if you do find a job, adjusting to the job is hard if
you do not speak Norwegian. People here do speak really good English but
they are more comfortable speaking Norwegian and as per law everything has
to be in Norwegian.*
*I had to quit one of my part-time jobs recently because people there were
not speaking in English despite my repeatedly telling them that I am not
fluent in Norwegian. I know basic Norwegian now, but I am not fluent enough
yet to work with the language or express complex ideas, or sentences. A lot
of shopkeepers here also do not speak English and I have to communicate
with them using gestures.*
*5. High level of taxation*
*You get paid very well here for your job, but a large percentage of it
goes towards paying taxes which leaves you with very little money at the
end of the month even if you earn a very high wage. So, it is close to
impossible to have a large amount of savings here because the country is
already very expensive. In addition to that, the taxes make it impossible
to save.*
*Overall, I am very satisfied with Norway and I am mostly happy with my
life here. But from my experience, these are the downsides of living here
and this applies not only to Norway but to most EU countries. One needs to
consider all these factors in case they would like to move here.*
*Edit: I see a lot of comments where people are asking me to learn
Norwegian rather than expecting them to speak English for me. I apologize
if this answer comes across as my being resistant to learning Norwegian, I
am working on my Norwegian and I speak the language to the best of my
capacity wherever I can. I know that I am in a country where Norwegian is
the official language, and speaking it is necessary for integration rather
than expecting the others to change for me. It is just that I have still
not reached a level where I can understand the natives’ way of speaking and
every time I enter a room where I am the only non-Norwegian speaker I ask
if people are okay with speaking in English. I have only been in Norway for
one year so far.*
*Secondly, when it came to the job that I was talking about, the ones who
hired me were well aware of the fact that I was from India and did not know
Norwegian. If they wanted me to speak and understand Norwegian in that job,
they should not have hired me in the first place. I even asked them after
getting accepted if I was expected to know Norwegian for the job and they
said no.*
*Thirdly, I do not intend to condemn or criticize Norwegians for not
speaking to us in English. A lot of immigrants are not aware that in most
European countries their native language is the official language there and
when they come here they are encountered with an unpleasant surprise. So my
intention is to just make people aware that not knowing the language is
going to be a barrier to integration. There has been a great interest among
Indians and other South Asians to migrate to European countries in recent
years, hence they need to be aware that they need to learn the language to
integrate here. Not saying anything against the country or the society for
not having English as the official language.*
*My note- I have added this QA for the purpose, 1. talking local language
is important in Norway2. Though highly paid taxes are much more, saving is
very less in Norway*
*Q4 What keeps the aeroplane tilted upwards during landing and how?*
*A4 Jagrata Banerjee,Studied Aviation Updated Sep 11*
*Thanks for the question…Nice Observation !!!*
*Actually, the situation you are talking about, is known as Flaring or
Landing Flare.*
*Now, what actually happens that, during approach to the runway, the
airplane descends at a vertical rate of 800 feet per minute.*
*To arrest that rate of descent, the pilot pulls back on the yoke to raise
the nose (increase the pitch) of the aircraft. When such input is applied,
the elevators attached to the horizontal stabilizers of the aircraft
deflect upwards.*
*Deflecting the elevators upwards it pushes the airflow upwards, which in
turn creates a down-force on the tail of the aircraft. Thus the nose of the
aircraft move upwards.*
*This increases the angle of attack of the wings thereby, generating enough
aerodynamic lift to arrest the descent rate of the aircraft. The pitch
attitude is maintained until the aircraft touches down firmly.*
*For example, for an Airbus A320, it approximately maintains a pitch of 2
degrees of pitch attitude during approach. As it gets down to approximately
30 ft above the runway, the pitch of the aircraft is raised to
approximately 5 degrees and maintained until the airplane touches down.*
*Reason 1 :—*
*Think, if the airplane touches the ground at vertical speed of 800 ft/min,
ground speed of 250 km/h and with weight of hundreds of tonnes. At this
momentum, the airplane might incurr structural damages. This is known as
Hard Landing, although the landing gears are designed to withstand such
loads, if done so.*
*So, to reduce the vertical speed of the aircraft, the aircraft's nose its
raised up. This causes the wings to generate more lift, to reduce the
vertical speed of the aircraft.*
*Reason 2 :—*
*During touchdown, the main landing gears located under the wings, have to
bear the initial impact upon touchdown.*
*Think that if by chance, the nose gear touches first on the runway. What
will happen?? The nose gear might break down and again the aircraft will
sustain structural damages.*
*To ensure that the main landing gear touches down first, the nose is
raised upwards.*
*Reason 3--*
*Pilots always fly the final approach at a slightly higher speed (usually 5
to 8 knots) than the calculated landing speed to easily control the
aircraft in gusty and windy conditions. Higher airspeed gives more control
effectiveness.*
*During the flaring process, the thrust levers are generally put to idle
and the nose is raised up by a couple of degrees. This helps to bleed-off
the extra 5 to 8 knots airspeed to be able to touchdown at approximately
the calculated landing speed.*
*Therefore, the flaring is done for three reasons—*
* To reduce the vertical speed of the aircraft during touchdown.*
* To ensure that the main landing gear touches down first on the runway.*
* To bleed off excessive airspeed and touch down at the calculated
landing speed.*
*Now, you may ask that why the aircraft doesn't take off upon raising the
nose of the aircraft??*
*This is because, the airspeed and thrust are low enough to prevent the
aircraft from taking off. So, the wings will not generate enough lift to
takeoff the aircraft again. The wings during flaring, will generate only
that much lift, as much as is needed to reduce the aircraft's vertical
speed to a safe touchdown limit.*
*Q5 What is the benefit of beetroot?*
*A5 Shnayas,Part Time Freelancer (2020–present)1h*
*Beetroot, also known as the garden beet or simply beet, is a highly
nutritious root vegetable that offers numerous benefits for your overall
health. One of the primary advantages of beetroot is its rich content of
essential vitamins and minerals. It is an excellent source of folate,
manganese, potassium, and vitamin C, which are all crucial for maintaining
a healthy body. These nutrients contribute to boosting your immune system,
promoting heart health, and supporting optimal brain function.
Additionally, beetroot is packed with dietary fiber, which aids digestion
and helps prevent constipation.*
*Another remarkable benefit of beetroot is its potential to enhance
exercise performance and endurance. This is due to its high nitrate
content, which gets converted into nitric oxide in the body. Nitric oxide
improves blood flow, delivering more oxygen and nutrients to your muscles
during physical activity. This can lead to reduced muscle fatigue, improved
stamina, and enhanced exercise efficiency. Moreover, beetroot has been
associated with lowering blood pressure, improving skin health, and
promoting detoxification. Incorporating beetroot into your diet can provide
you with these incredible advantages and contribute to your overall
well-being.*
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