CULTURAL QA 01-2024-22 All the BELOW QA are from Quora digest to me on 25-01-2024.
Quora answers need not be 100% correct answers .Compiled and posted by R. Gopalakrishnan, on 25-01-2024 Q1 Why can planes take off in fog butare unable to land? A1 RebeccaWilliams, Aviation lover. Jan 19 The mainreason why planes can take off in fog but are unable to land is that thevisibility requirements for takeoff are lower than for landing. Pilots need to see more of the runway and thesurroundings when they are approaching land than when they are departing. For take off, the minimum visibility depends on the type ofrunway lighting and obstacles. The normal minimum visibility for take off at a major airport is 600feet (183 meters) on the runway. With very specialized equipment andtraining, it can be reduced a bit below that, but it is rare. If the fogimpairs visibility below the requirement, planes cannot take off. For landing, theminimum visibility depends on the type of instrument landing system (ILS) andthe autopilot.The ILS is a system that guides the pilots and the autopilot to align the planewith the runway and descend at the correct rate. The ILS has different categories, from CAT I to CAT IIIc,depending on the accuracy and reliability of the system. The higher thecategory, the lower the visibility required for landing. For example, a CAT I ILSrequires a minimum visibility of 2,400 feet (731 meters) on the runway and a decision height of 200 feet (61meters) above the ground. This means that the pilots must see the runwayor its lights when they are 200 feet above the ground, or they must abort thelanding and go around. A CAT IIIc ILS, on the other hand, requires no minimum visibility and nodecision height. This means that the plane can land automaticallywithout the pilots seeing anything outside the cockpit. Not allairports and planes are equipped with the highest category of ILS. Some airports, such as San Diego,only have a CAT I ILS, which means that they require about one mile (1.6kilometers) of visibility for landing. Some planes, such as older models orsmaller jets, may not have the capability to perform a CAT III landing, even ifthe airport has the system. Fog can prevent planes from landing at certainairports or under certain conditions. Q2 If a crocodile can stay under waterfor almost an hour and a human can barely manage two minutes, what is the causeof this, apart from lung size? What are the changes in the human respiratorysystem that enable a longer holding of breath? A2 K.Fletcher, Master's Degree in Psychology, Harvard University (Graduated 2011)Tue This question is old, but the answer is yet to be properlyarticulated. Lung size isn'treally part of it. Yes, crocs can slow their heart down to a beat or two aminute & hold their breath for hours. How? Crocodilians have afour-chambered heart – just like us! And just like the circulatory system in humans, the hearttakes in deoxygenated blood from the body, sends it to the lungs to becomeoxygenated, the blood comes back to the heart, where it'll be pumped to therest of the body. Pretty straightforward. But if you’re a crocodile submerged underwater, whatdifference does it make if you have blood going to the lungs? After a short period of timeunderwater, oxygen in the lungs is long gone (crocs typically expel air tosink, anyways). Crocs have asmall opening called the Foramen of Panizza between their left and right aortaof the heart. Inlaymens terms– it means blood does NOT have to unnecessarily flow tothe lungs when the croc is underwater. The heart rate can fall to just 2–3 b/minute, thus savingenergy in the form of reduced cellular respiration. However, it's slightly more complex than that… Researchersin Cambridge have now shown that this ability depends on a tiny fragment of theanimal’s haemoglobin, the protein that carries oxygen from the lungsto the rest of the body. Crocodiles use a wasteproduct of metabolism – the bicarbonate ions formed when carbon dioxidedissolves in water – as the trigger for haemoglobin to unload the oxygen it carries. The moreenergy the crocodile’s cells burn up, the more carbon dioxide they produce. So the bicarbonate triggering mechanism ensures that large quantities ofoxygen are supplied only to the hard-working tissues that need it the most,thus conserving a submerged crocodile’s limited supplies. This efficient system ofoxygen allocation, combined with the reptile’s very slow metabolism, explainshow it is able to survive underwater for so long. In other words, crocodilians have evolved tremendous adaptations to ensure they can staysubmerged long enough to still have energy (& oxygen) to erupt out of thewater and grab prey! Pretty crazy. Q3 What are the main reasons thattoday's Jewish people do not recognise Jesus as a prophet? Why did theChristians change his status from a prophet to a son of God? A3 ClaireJordan, Worked at National Health Service (NHS)Tue He didn’tfulfil the requirements for a Jewish Messiah because he didn’t usher in along-term era of peace, nor did he free the Jews from Rome. He didn’t prophesy anything very significant and whichcame true. He seems to have been an excellent teacher/preacher, but whathe was preaching was mainly a well-presented popular version of the teachingsof Hillel, not something wholly new, and there were hundreds of other preachersaround at the time. Even if all the miracles attributed to him reallyhappened, they are no more than Jews expect from a Wonder Rebbe -there have(purportedly) been a lot of those in Jewish history. Jesus himself saidthat *everybody* (or at least all Jews - that part isn’t clear) was a son ordaughter of God.The early church changed that to claim that he was the Son of God in a*special* sense in order to impress the Greeks, who thought you weren’t anybodyunless your father was a god in the Percy Jackson sense. Q4 What was the fate of Ravana's armyafter Lord Rama destroyed Lanka with his weapons? A4 Sadhana, MBAfrom Mumbai, Maharashtra, India14h Many soldiers of Ravan’s army ( Asurs) were killed in the warby Ram and Ram’s army. After Ravan was killed by Lord Ram, LordRam made Vibhisan the King of Lanka and he got Ravan’s army as he became theruler of Lanka. It is not correct to say that Lord Ram destroyed Lanka withhis weapons, Lord Ram only killed Ravan , his brothers and his armywho fought against Lord Ram’s army. Vibhishan had differences with Ravan because he was againstthe act of kidnapping of Mata Sita. Vibhishan joined Lord Ram to fight the war against his ownbrother Ravan, It is said thatVibhisan was a devotee of Ram. Vibhishan was so much against Ravan that refused toperform the last rites of his brother Ravan, after Ravan was killed by Ram. But Lord Ram convinced him to perform the funeral and lastrites of Ravan and therefore Vibhisan performed it. Vibhishan was the brother of Ravan half Brahmin and halfAsur as his mother was an Asur but his father was a brahmin. He was pious and considered himselfa Brahmin, since his father was a sage. Q5 What are some interesting factsabout birds? A5 SeanKernan,5y A person with good vision is given the nickname “EagleEye” because Eagles have the best vision in the animal kingdom. 20/20 vision is heldup as the gold standard of human vision. It means that you can read an eye chart accurately from 20feet away. Eagles have 20/4 vision, which means they could read thatsame chart from 100 feet away. This is what enables them to spot rabbits from severalkilometers away. An Eagle’s eye isactually about as large as a humans, which is incredible considering thateagles only weigh 14 lbs. Their eye is enhanced by a dense layer of light detectingcells on the outside of their eyes. Additionally, theyhave a 340 degree range of vision, and an ability to become locked onto a target from milesaway, holding perfect focus while flying at high velocities. Although my vision has improved recently, it’s highly doubtful that mine, or any human’s, will be able to matchan Eagle’s anytime soon. -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Thatha_Patty" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to [email protected]. To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/thatha_patty/871541511.461635.1706166758291%40mail.yahoo.com.
