CULTURAL QA 02202406 Q1 Why do giant pandas seem so slow and lethargic?
KR What is the use of writing thousand times, read and stand and deliver; but what negative effects G has, he infuses on me; Quora is bogus and who are stuck to it with out proper verifications are also Bogus. Panda, have you seen? I had. By nature, they are kids and quiet. Nothing to do with Bamboo etc . Please read local first and then spread-out side. Now the extracts from research paper NCBI: “Bamboo shoots are considered as one of the useful health foods because of their rich contents of proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, fibres, and minerals and very low fat. Though bamboo shoots provide lots of health benefits, their consumption is confined mostly to Southeast Asian and East Asian countries. The acceptability of bamboo shoots as popular vegetable crop is very less due to their high pungent smell and bitter acidic taste. The use of bamboo as food in India is mainly restricted to Northeastern part of the country where they form an indispensable part of several traditional speciality dishes. The different ethnic communities take fresh or fermented bamboo shoot as one of most preferred traditional food items. Some of the important bamboo based traditional foods are ushoi, soibum, rep, mesu, eup, ekhung, hirring, and so forth. Bamboo shoots should be properly processed before they are consumed as freshly harvested shoots have high content of toxic cyanogenic glycosides which may pose serious health problems. The prospect of bamboo shoot industry in Northeast India is bright due to its rich genetic resources of bamboos. However, habitat destruction and extensive use of bamboos for food, handicraft, and construction purposes have resulted in severe depletion of natural bamboo resources. This review stresses upon the high nutritive values and health benefits of bamboo shoots and their usage as important traditional foods in Northeast India. The bamboo market potential of the region and use of in vitro plant micropropagation methods as effective means of bamboo conservation are also emphasized in this paper. 1. Introduction Bamboos belonging to family Poaceae are considered as one of the most versatile multiutility forest tree grasses. Though distribution of bamboos is worldwide with over 1250 species, their presence is predominantly found in Southeast Asia [1, 2]. They are known to have more than 1500 uses and are considered as one of the most economically important plants in the world [3]. The applicability of bamboos is highly diverse as they are employed immensely in paper, handicraft industry, house construction, and making furniture, water pipes, storage vessels and other important household items [4]. People from different countries address bamboos in different names because of their highly multipurpose properties. The Chinese called bamboos as “Friends of the people,” Vietnamese as “My brother,” and Indians as “Green Gold.” Bamboos in addition to their multiple applications have another important usage in utilizing their juvenile shoots as popular food items. The presence of high content of protein, amino acids, minerals, fibre, carbohydrates, and low fat makes the bamboo shoot one of the widely acclaimed nutrient rich food items. Also the presence of phytosterols in young shoots provides youthful feeling, athletic energy, and longevity to regular consumers. Bamboos shoots are popular in Asiatic countries and form a major component of their traditional cuisines [5]. The people of Northeast India with their mongoloid features are endowed with rich bamboo culture and the plants are inseparable part of several diverse traditions and religious beliefs of many ethnic people residing at both hilly and plain areas. Consumption of bamboo shoots as food in India is mainly confined to the Northeast states where they are taken either fresh at the time of harvesting season or dried, fermented or pickled forms during offseason [6]. The bamboo shoots are the integral constituents of many of the popular traditional cuisines. The present review explores the nutritive values and health benefits of bamboo shoots and the necessity of proper processing methods to generate nontoxic consumable bamboo products. The use of bamboo shoots as traditional foods of Northeast India and the potential and prospect of bamboo shoot industry in the region along with the importance of effective bamboo conservation through micropropagation are also highlighted. 2. Nutrient Composition of Bamboo Shoots Bamboo shoots have immense potential of being used as important health food as they contain high proteins, amino acids, carbohydrates, many important minerals, and vitamins [12]. Freshly collected bamboo shoots have good amount of thiamine, niacin, vitamin A, vitamin B6, and vitamin E [13, 14]. Also the bamboo shoot based diets are rich source of dietary fibres and phytosterols and less cholesterol contents which make them one of the popular natural health foods. Table 1 shows the comparison of nutritive values of shoots of edible bamboos with some of the popularly consumed vegetables in different parts of the world. The nutrient compositions of shoots of different edible bamboo species have been analysed by several workers [6, 13, 15–18]. The nutrient contents of some important edible bamboo species is given in Table 2. Bamboo shoots contain generally tyrosine, arginine histidine, and leucine as amino acids. The presence of tyrosine facilitates biochemical metabolism of our body as it is a major constituent of adrenals which are precursors for adrenaline, necessary for active body metabolic activities. It also plays important role in function of thyroid and pituitary glands which are involved in producing and regulating hormones in human body. Presence of high fibre and phytosterols in bamboo shoot reduces fat and cholesterol levels of blood making them one of the most sought after health foods among patients with life style related disorders. The dietary fibre possesses number of health benefits as it controls blood pressure, hypertension, and obesity and also protects our body from coronary diseases and potential carcinogens [19, 20]. The survey conducted by Kalita and Dutta [21] showed that some ethnic tribes of Northeast India used bamboo shoots to control high blood pressure and cardiovascular ailments. The high dietary fibres and low fat in bamboo shoot help in reducing the thickening of arteries maintaining the blood pressure. Park and John [22] conducted a study to show that diet containing bamboo shoots had reducing effect on serum content of total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein. There was increase in the frequency of bowel movement and faecal volume indicating its role in cholesterol lowering and diabetes prevention in individuals provided with bamboo diets. There are instances of using bamboo shoots by Karbi Anglong tribes of India to control early stage of cancer [21]. The anticancer property of bamboo shoots might be attributed to the presence of lignans and phytosterols. The production of carcinogens, growth of cancer cells, cell invasion, and metastasis are inhibited by phytosterol [23]. Regular intake of bamboo shoots reduces reproductive health related problems in female. Bamboo shoots are used by local tribes belonging to Bodo, Thadau, Mosang, and Tiwa for treatment of irregular menstrual cycle, heavy bleeding after delivery, infertility problems, reducing labour pain, and also for inducing puberty in young female. Though scientifically not proven some tribes believe bamboo shoot causes abortion in pregnant women. They are often advised not to consume bamboo shoot during the first trimester of pregnancy. Table 1 Comparison of nutrient composition of young bamboo shoots of Bambusa tulda and Dendrocalamus hamiltonii with some common vegetables [7]. Nutrients Bambusa tulda Dendrocalamus hamiltonii Daucus carota Raphanus sativus Spinacea oleracea Solanum tuberosum Abelmoschus esculentus Curcuma sativus Cucurbita maxima Amino acids (g/100 g) 3.65 3.18 0.20 0.40 0.30 0.20 0.30 0.10 0.20 Protein (g/100 g) 3.69 3.72 0.90 0.70 2.00 1.60 1.90 0.60 1.40 Carbohydrate (g/100 g) 6.92 5.50 10.60 3.40 2.90 22.6 6.40 2.50 6.50 Fats (g/100 g) 0.48 0.41 0.10 0.40 0.70 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.40 Fibers (g/100 g) 3.97 3.90 1.20 0.60 2.00 0.40 1.20 0.40 1.10 Vitamin C (mg/100 g) 1.42 2.45 15.00 1.60 0.60 0.40 1.20 0.70 0.07 Vitamin E (mg/100 g) 0.61 0.71 3.00 15.00 28.10 19.70 13.00 3.20 0.90 Potassium (mg/100 g) 408 416 108.00 393.00 558.00 424.00 103.00 135.00 340.00 Iron (mg/100 g) 3.19 2.69 1.03 1.00 2.70 0.80 0.35 0.90 0.80 Calcium (mg/100 g) 4.06 3.00 80.00 35.00 9.90 12.00 56.00 14.00 21.00 Cupper (mg/100 g) 0.44 0.29 0.10 0.02 0.10 0.16 0.11 0.09 0.10 Sodium (mg/100 g) 19.96 9.32 35.60 39.00 79.00 11.00 6.90 2.00 5.60 Zinc (mg/100 g) 0.72 0.70 0.36 0.30 0.50 0.30 0.42 0.23 0.30 Open in a separate window Table 2 Nutrient content of freshly harvested shoots of some bamboo species [7–9]. Nutrients B. bamboos B. nutans B. polymorpha B. tulda B. vulgaris D. asper D. giganteus D. strictus Amino acids (g/100 g) 3.98 3.89 3.42 3.65 3.57 3.12 3.96 3.07 Protein (g/100 g) 3.57 2.84 3.64 3.69 3.64 3.59 3.11 2.60 Carbohydrate (g/100 g) 5.42 5.47 5.44 6.92 6.51 4.90 5.10 6.17 Fats (g/100 g) 0.50 0.40 0.46 0.48 0.50 0.40 0.39 0.33 Fibres (g/100 g) 4.49 2.28 3.81 3.97 4.24 3.54 2.60 2.26 Vitamin C (mg/100 g) 1.90 1.19 2.60 1.42 4.80 3.20 3.28 2.43 Vitamin E (mg/100 g) 0.61 0.47 0.49 0.61 0.52 0.91 0.69 0.58 Calcium (mg/100 g) 0.36 1500 180.69 1300 320 5.51 26.93 139.5 Phosphorus (mg/100 g) 30.12 900 15.06 700 220 40.95 12.57 58.13 Iron (mg/100 g) 3.00 - 1.53 1.57 - 3.37 1.06 2.91 Sodium (mg/100 g) 10.10 - - 12.96 400 10.14 3.64 0.08 Potassium (mg/100 gm) - 30.0 - 20.0 920 464 275 - Magnesium (mg/100 gm) 5.38 40.0 - 40.0 100 10.14 9.57 0.17 Open in a separate window Note: Hyphen (-) in table indicates authentic data not available for the particular bamboo species. 5. Bamboo Based Traditional Foods of North-East India The Northeast India comprising of eight states, namely, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, and Tripura is located between 21°–30°N latitude and 85°–98°E longitude. It covers an area of around 18.4 million hectares and is physiographical categorized into the Eastern Himalayas, Northeast hills, Brahmaputra, and Barak valley. This region with different ethnic communities and diverse cultures and religions is considered as a treasure house of bamboos contributing more than 66% of total bamboos resources available in India [91]. About 16 edible bamboo species are reported in Northeast India [92] and some of the important edible bamboo species are Arundinaria callosa, Bambusa nutans, Bambusa pallida, Bambusa polymorpha, Bambusa tulda, Dendrocalamus hamiltonii, Dendrocalamus giganteus, Dendrocalamus brandisii, Melocanna baccifera, Melocanna bambusoides, Dendrocalamus hookeri, Dendrocalamus sikkimensis, Dendrocalamus strictus, and Phyllostachys manni. The bamboo shoots form an integral part of many of popular traditional cuisines and the locals consumed either fresh or fermented bamboo shoots in the form of various local delicacies. 8. Conclusions and Future Perspective Bamboo shoots have immense potential of being used as important health food as they have high content of useful proteins, amino acids, carbohydrates, and many important minerals and vitamins and very low fat. Bamboo shoots are consumed predominantly in Asiatic countries where they form integral part of several traditional cuisines of the region. The usefulness of bamboo shoots as health food is not largely known by general public due to ignorance of their high nutritional values. There is a greater necessity to create awareness among the people about their nutritional health benefits so that they are widely accepted. Bamboos occupy a very significant position in everyday life of indigenous people of Northeast India due to their enormous utility as traditional food, house construction materials, and raw materials for production of useful domestic and other handicraft items. The fresh or fermented bamboo shoots form an indispensable part of number of ethnic dishes. But shoots should be properly processed as they contain high level of toxic cyanogenic glycosides. Using improved shoot processing methods based on scientific approach instead of crude and unhygienic ones will not only reduce toxic cyanogenic compound but also retain the nutritional values. The region being the largest producer of bamboos in India has a bright prospect for bamboo shoot industry but presently bamboo shoot production is predominantly for fulfilling the local needs. There is a need to increase bamboo processing and packaging units as very few operate actively in the region. Effective marketing strategies should also be formulated to extract maximum profits by making bamboo shoot products available to as many potential and prospective customers inside and outside the country. Intervention of modern micropropagation techniques is also essential to control the falling population of bamboos. The local bamboo shoot industry if properly established will not only help in socioeconomic upliftment of the region but also generate huge income for the country. Acknowledgment The authors are thankful to SERB (Science & Engineering Research Board), New Delhi, India, for the financial support. Conflict of Interests The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. 4. Vatsala V. V. A. Bamboos in India. New Delhi, India: NISCAIR; 2003. [Google Scholar] xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Q2 Why did Newton only think about gravity? Why didn't he think about there might be something mysterious inside Earth's core (like magnets)? KR Idiotic Q and idiotic reply believing silk Rd. Why Sir C v Raman was not Oppenheimer? ------------------------------------------- Q3 What is something everyone should know? KR Another yap and a bull shit. ----------------------------------------- Q4 What do you know that most people don’t? KR Another yarn spin; R/V/M being broken in MT rd, Adyar Delhi Jung, Mumbai Bandra are quite common. I don’t know what it cost now. $ times I have changed paying Rs 5000 each time; and the damaged one was picked up by old newspaper-wala for 4 and 8 annas. Insurance will not replace it and bear the cost. ------------------------------------------- Q5 What is the best thing that has ever happened to you for being nice? G My note- There are many like the wife of person had covid near to us. We have to be careful of them. KR A callous Q and A; Covid is nothing to be afraid of; for example, if the doctors utter those words what will you do? Die; Helping Covid that too being young who has the self-immunisation, staying 6 feet away etc will not immediately catch you to die. As a matter of fact, present covid J variant is nothing. Many doctors were affected including my close friend. The exaggerations of apollo types then making hay while sun shone was main history. Quarantine, a paracetamol or even with no medicine 10 days you can return back. High risk cadre are diabetics whose lung conditions and control are weak. If you were to die no one can save and whatever distance to stay. Help people. People will ask for accounts. You shall submit. Did you go to help to make some money? Do not waste pages. K Rajaram IRS 6224 On Tue, 6 Feb 2024 at 06:21, 'gopala krishnan' via Thatha_Patty < [email protected]> wrote: > CULTURAL QA 02-2024-06 > > All the below QA are from Quora DIGEST to me on 06-02-2024. > > Selected quora answers generally interesting are included .Still they need > not be 100% correct answers. > > Compiled and posted by R. Gopala Krishnan, 80, on 06-02-2024. > > > Q1 Why do giant pandas seem so slow and lethargic? > > A1 Gary Meaney, passionate fan of all things animal1y > > In short: because their entire lifestyle is based around a food they were > never “meant” to eat. > > Virtually all of the giant panda’s diet comprises just one food type: > bamboo. Next time you see a nice, chunky shoot of bamboo, go ahead and > give it a munch. Chances are it won’t be bursting with flavour. > Unsurprisingly, > bamboo is extremely poor in nutrients. Most of the calories it does > contain are locked inside its fibres of cellulose, an incredibly tough > material which gives all but the strongest digestive systems a run for > their money. > > That said, evolution is a powerful and transformative process, so almost > any food source is viable provided that you evolve the right tools for the > job. After all, there are countless herbivores who subsist solely on > grasses, which are similarly nutrient-poor. Using up to four immense > stomachs, tightly coiled intestines, a plethora of gut bacteria and > rumination, grazing mammals derive excellent nutrition from grass. > > Pandas, on the other hand, have absolutely none of that. They are members > of the bear family, Ursidae, which is otherwise characterized by carnivores > and omnivores. It would seem that this transition to exclusive > bamboo-feeding occurred very recently, on the scale of evolutionary time - > within the last few million years, perhaps. Thus, they really haven’t had > the time to adapt their organs to this radically different food. > > The intestinal tract of the giant panda is short and dead-straight, > engineered for processing meat, not plant matter. Because of this, the > bear has to choose quantity over quality, and spend its entire waking life > shovelling bamboo into its mouth. Each day, it consumes up to 14 kg of > the stuff, and produces a numero dos 40 times! > > Despite this enormous daily volume of sustenance, these gentle giants > cannot manage to get an “ideal” amount of energy in, and have to make > certain sacrifices accordingly. > > The metabolic rate of a panda is less than 40% of that of a typical mammal > of similar size! The brain, liver and kidneys are drastically downsized > in order to cut energy costs, and likewise there is a pitiful level of > hormonal activity in the thyroid. The animal’s lifestyle is exceptionally > sedentary, with very little physical exertion on a day-to-day basis. That, > in essence, is why giant pandas are so slow and lethargic > > Q2 Why did Newton only think about gravity? Why didn't he think > about there might be something mysterious inside Earth's core (like > magnets)? > > A2 Silk Road, AI Expert Sun > > Why would he? > > Newton didn't have any evidence or reason to suspect that there was > anything unusual inside Earth's core. > > He didn't have access to modern tools like seismology or geology that > could reveal the structure and composition of Earth's interior. > > He only had observations of Earth's surface and its gravitational effects. > > Newton also didn't need to invoke anything mysterious inside Earth's core > to explain his observations. > > His law of universal gravitation was enough to account for the shape and > gravity of Earth, as well as the motions of other celestial bodies. > > He didn't have any anomalies or contradictions that required a new > hypothesis. > > Lastly, he was influenced by his religious beliefs and his worldview. He > believed that God created the universe and its laws in a rational and > harmonious way. > > He saw his role as a scientist to discover and understand those laws, not > to question or challenge them. > > Newton only thought about gravity and not something mysterious inside > Earth's core (like magnets) because he had no reason, need, or desire to > do otherwise.He was satisfied with his law of universal gravitation, > which was a brilliant achievement in itself. > > Q3 What is something everyone should know? > > A3 Vibhuti Sapru, An observer of life. Updated 4y > > While traveling through train from Delhi to Jammu, I woke up with a high > temperature. > > With every passing minute I was getting more uncomfortable. > > My father knew it was serious because the temperature didn't seem to get > down and I wasn't carrying paracetamol even. > > He went to the TTE and asked him about the paracetamol. TTE made it sure > that he would provide me the medicines and also a checkup by a female > doctor as soon as the train would reach another station. > > Next station, some 2–3 TTE's came along with a female doctor and her > attendant carrying all her requirements. > > Without delay she started my checkup, prescribed me medicines and also > provided me with the medicines. I was given the utmost care and charged > just 100 rupees for the doctor's consultation. > > Something everyone should know. > > Contact the TTE or any on-board staff during any medical emergency. They > will inform the next station and then the information is immediately passed > on to the station where the nearest Railway Hospital is available. Railway > doctors reach the station before the train reaches that station and take > care. However, today with twitter and mobile, reaching out to Railway > administration has become much easier. You can also dial 138 for > complaint, medical emergency, queries, cleanliness also. > > Yes our railway is that dedicated. > > Q4 What do you know that most people don’t? > > A4 Parik Dhamija,Works at Parik Sales Corporation6y > > I was driving my new car which was just out of the showroom. May be 10–15 > minutes. > > A biker in his full swag while trying to overtake from the wrong side bumped > into my car and took the side mirror along with him. > > I was furious. The car was barely 15 minutes old. He looked back and I > signalled him to stop. > > We both parked our vehicles, I picked up the side mirror and approached > him. > > He could easily sense the wrath and removed his helmet. > > He: Yeahh what?? It was your fault!! Don't you know how to drive? What do > you want now? > > Me: We can decide later about the fault. You might have bruised your leg. > Are you alright? > > He: befuddled and blank. > > After 2 minutes > > He: I'm good > > Me: Fine. Ride safely and avoid wrong side overtakes.He: nods. > > At the next red light > > He: Sorry bro about your car. I'll pay for the repair. > > Me: 'smiles' No need. Ride safely. > > Yes I do know what most don't. In most cases the following quote works: > > "Be kind. The best revenge is to be unlike him who performed the injury". > > Edit: A lot of people have asked me the reason of not getting into a fight > with the biker. > > Reason: There was no reason to fight. No, I'm not a monk. Yes, I've seen > people fighting over a few minor scratches, not admitting their mistakes, not > paying for the repair and then paying for the medical expenses, paying the > advocates, visiting the police station and so on. I try to avoid it. > > Moreover I genuinely thought that he might have hurt his leg. Two > wheelers are generally not as safe as compared to four wheelers > > Q5 What is the best thing that has ever happened to you for being > nice? > > A5 Gurmeet Bishnoi, Lives in Berlin (2023–present)2y > > I got a call in midnight. > > It was one of my friend. His dad was severely ill from covid in recent > wave. He works in another city so he wanted me to admit his dad to > hospital. > > I immediately told my dad that I am going at his home. His dad was very > serious. > > My dad: It's very risky to go near a covid patient now. Are you mad? Don't > they have any relatives or neighbour to help them?His home was 50km away > from me. I told that I will go, they need me. I took bike and reached > there in 50 minutes. > > I called ambulance and went to hospital with his dad. I was there for > around 15 days continuously day and night. None of his relatives came to > help. > > I used to bring medicines, fruits, food whenever required. My friend > couldn't come due to covid restrictions. > > Finally his dad got cured. He started recovering well. He got back normal > in two months. I was there everyday and helped them in everything like a > son. > > After recovering well, One day my friend's mom asked me, > > She: Gurmeet, how much money did you receive from us and where you spent? > > Me: I don't remember exactly. I will see and tell you later properly. > > I have written the expenses. > > The way she asked me this, made me feel bad. Her expressions and tone of > voice was clearly telling that she was doubting me regarding expenses and > money taken from them. > > She thought I spent their money in my personal uses also. It really hit me > hard. > > When everybody was bashing me for being in hospital in covid wave, I was > there every moment. > > It was not about money, it was about behaviour with someone who helped you > when even your relatives, family wasn't there. > > They made me feel like I was their worker. I gave them almost all > calculation and at the end it was me who spent something from my pocket. > > Best thing happened to me was that I have learnt a lesson. I learnt that > being too nice to someone, they don't value us. Being too nice is not a > part of “kalyug.” > > My note- There are many like the wife of person had covid near to us. We > have to be careful of them. > > -- > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups > "Thatha_Patty" group. > To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an > email to [email protected]. > To view this discussion on the web visit > https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/thatha_patty/1660016805.3659560.1707222072067%40mail.yahoo.com > <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/thatha_patty/1660016805.3659560.1707222072067%40mail.yahoo.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> > . > -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Thatha_Patty" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to [email protected]. To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/thatha_patty/CAL5XZoqZhgtr40XvBmZ%2B1f%3DfLT_GN6PMJszPHkd36Nj94r1g%3DA%40mail.gmail.com.
