CULTURAL QA 04202421
Q1 Which of mankind's greatest discoveries came about purely by
accident?
KR Repeated again; last time itself I said all discoveries are only
by accident; no one can predict it will be generated; expectations if
yielded right is the discovery; so all are only by accidents; penicillin is
accidental.
G As I said - this kind of accident-leading-to-discovery is not at all
uncommon in the sciences.
KR If so why such silly dinathanthi style Q and A?
Q2 What was very useful when it first came out but is useless today?
G It’s not useless, but it is never used anymore.
KR As usual another dinathanthi style wasted Q and A. Every used
once became unused later because of advancement in the design is an
universal factor; palm leaves were used once but no one uses it today;
rocks were used to inscribe but except foolish prank lovers no one uses it.
Questions like surprise, useful, used but not now and thought as useless
but now used etc are GRANDMA quiz. G may start learning but should the
Saramas like be helped to learn? That information is older than the writer.
Q3 What is a brilliant invention that should be more widespread?
KR Is that so brilliant; go and ask the advertisers who erect
boards; they do similar things. You may call it as AN IDEA. Another wasted
space.
Q4 If the internet was invented in 1989, does that mean it has been
around for 35 years?
KR when we listen to musicians we err listening to wrong persons. That is
Quora. Who said internet was invented in 1989? Gopalakrishnan? I never said
it and many in the group may not as all knew the difference between THE
INTERNET AND WWW. WWW was in 1989.
organizations over several decades. However, if we're talking
about key milestones, we can point to the development of ARPANET (Advanced
Research Projects Agency Network) as a precursor to the internet. ARPANET
was created in the late 1960s by the United States Department of Défense’s
Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), now known as DARPA.
The first ARPANET link was established on October 29, 1969, between UCLA
and the Stanford Research Institute. This event is often considered the
birth of the internet.
As for specific individuals, many played significant roles in the
internet's development, including J.C.R. Licklider, who was instrumental in
conceiving the idea of an interconnected network of computers, and Vinton
Cerf and Robert Kahn, who developed the TCP/IP protocols, which are
fundamental to how data is transmitted over the internet. Tim
Berners-Lee's invention
of the World Wide Web in 1989 also played a crucial role in making the
internet accessible and user-friendly. And wrong names are written by the
Quora reproducers.
Before the term "internet" became widespread, various other names and
concepts were used to describe similar networks or precursor technologies.
Here are a few:
ARPANET: As mentioned earlier, ARPANET was one of the earliest networks
that laid the foundation for the internet. It connected computers at
various research institutions and military installations.
DARPANET: This is a variation of ARPANET, used interchangeably sometimes.
It was a network funded by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
(DARPA).
Computer Networks: Before the internet became a household term, networks of
computers were often referred to simply as "computer networks." These
networks could be local area networks (LANs) or wide area networks (WANs)
connecting computers within a limited geographic area or across larger
distances.
Electronic Networking: In the early days of computing, especially in the
1960s and 1970s, when the concept of interconnected computers was emerging,
terms like "electronic networking" or "electronic communication networks"
were used to describe the phenomenon.
Information Superhighway: This term gained popularity in the 1990s,
particularly with the rise of the World Wide Web. It was used to describe
the vast network of interconnected computers and information resources
available online.
Cyberspace: Coined by science fiction author William Gibson in his 1984
novel "Neuromancer," the term "cyberspace" was used to describe the virtual
environment created by computer networks. While not specifically referring
to the internet as we know it today, it captured the idea of a digital
realm where information could be accessed and exchanged.
These terms were used to describe various aspects of what eventually became
the internet. The term "internet" itself emerged as the network of networks
grew and became more standardized and interconnected, eventually
encompassing a global system of communication and information exchange.
Karka kasadara latrapin ezhuduga; learn well without any blemish;
then write; and in the meantime the THREE MOSQUITOES KEEP ABUSING AND SAY
WE DON’T HAVE TIME TO LEARN.
Q5 When was the first silencer invented?
KR My answer is not only facts tugged in but also how wrong the
question is framed; SILENCER? FIRE ARM SILENCER IS CORRECT; THERE ARE SO
MANY SILENCERS ON THIS EAARTH , INCLUDING WIVES.
The invention of the firearm silencer, also known as a suppressor, is
credited to Hiram Percy Maxim, an American inventor. He patented his design
for a firearm silencer in 1909, and it was granted U.S. Patent No.
1,113,671.
Hiram Percy Maxim was the son of Hiram Stevens Maxim, the inventor of the
Maxim gun, which was the world's first fully automatic machine gun. Hiram
Percy Maxim's motivation for inventing the firearm silencer was to reduce
the noise created by firearms, making them quieter and less likely to
disturb people and animals nearby.
Maxim's early designs were relatively simple, consisting of a series of
baffles or chambers through which the expanding gases from the fired round
would be directed, dissipating the sound. Over time, firearm silencers have
evolved to incorporate various materials and designs to further reduce the
sound signature of firearms while also addressing other factors such as
recoil and muzzle flash.
Firearm silencers have applications in military, law enforcement, and
civilian contexts, where reducing the noise of firearms can be beneficial
for reasons of stealth, hearing protection, and noise pollution reduction.
However, it's important to note that the use and regulation of firearm
silencers vary by country and jurisdiction.
Q6 What invention played a major role in mankind's development but
gets little attention?
The phonograph, also known as a gramophone or record player, is a device
designed for the mechanical recording and reproduction of sound. It was
invented by Thomas Edison in 1877.
Edison's phonograph consisted of a rotating cylinder covered with a thin
sheet of tin foil. A stylus attached to a diaphragm traced grooves on the
foil as sound waves caused the diaphragm to vibrate. These vibrations were
then converted into indentations on the foil. To play back the recorded
sound, the process was reversed: the stylus traced the indentations on the
foil, causing the diaphragm to vibrate and reproduce the sound.
While Edison's phonograph was groundbreaking, it was limited by the use of
tin foil, which was not durable and could only be used for a few playbacks
before it deteriorated. Over the years, various improvements were made to
the phonograph, including the introduction of wax cylinders and later, flat
discs made of materials like shellac and vinyl.
The phonograph played a significant role in the development of the music
industry, allowing for the mass production and distribution of recorded
music. It remained a popular audio playback device throughout much of the
20th century before being largely supplanted by newer technologies such as
magnetic tape, compact discs, and digital audio formats. However, vinyl
records and turntables have experienced a resurgence in popularity in
recent years among audiophiles and collectors.
Yes, the invention of the phonograph laid the groundwork for the
development of voice recorders and other recording technologies. The
phonograph was the first device capable of recording and reproducing sound,
and its basic principles—converting sound vibrations into physical
impressions that could later be reproduced—served as the foundation for
subsequent recording technologies. However it was a VOICE RECORDER ONLY AS
WRITING ON PALM LEAVES DATA RECORDER, AND THUS RECORDING IS NOT RECENT
INVENTION AND THE ABSENCE OF IT LOST IT IT’S VIRULITY.
The phonograph used a stylus to trace sound waves onto a recording medium,
whether it was tin foil, wax cylinders, or later, flat discs. This concept
of capturing sound vibrations mechanically and preserving them for later
playback inspired further innovations in recording technology. Palm leaves
used steel stylus to record; so, the idea of something can be imprinted
arose from olden stylus. Thus, GRAMAPHONE IS NOT ANY MIRACLE AS THE MIRACLE
REAL IS OUR COMPUTER ONLY.
Voice recorders, also known as tape recorders or audio recorders, emerged
later, with the development of magnetic tape-recording technology in the
early to mid-20th century. These devices used magnetic tape coated with
iron oxide particles to record and playback audio signals. Unlike the
phonograph, which relied on physical impressions on a medium, magnetic tape
recorders used electromagnetic signals to capture and reproduce sound.
While the technology and medium differed, the underlying principle of
converting sound waves into a form that could be stored and played back
later remained the same. In this sense, the phonograph can be seen as a
precursor to voice recorders and other modern recording devices.
While both computer tools for recording and phonographs serve the purpose
of recording sound, they operate on different principles and use different
technologies.
Phonograph: Phonographs are mechanical devices that were invented in the
late 19th century. They use physical mediums such as wax cylinders or vinyl
records to record sound. A stylus attached to a diaphragm traces grooves on
the recording medium as sound waves cause the diaphragm to vibrate. These
grooves then serve as a physical representation of the sound, which can be
played back by running the stylus along the grooves to reproduce the
original vibrations.
Computer Recording Tools: Computer recording tools, on the other hand, are
digital technologies used to record and manipulate audio data using
computers. These tools can include software applications such as digital
audio workstations (DAWs), audio editing software, and hardware interfaces
like microphones and audio interfaces. Instead of physical mediums like wax
cylinders or vinyl records, computer recording tools capture sound as
digital data using analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). This digital data
can then be stored, edited, and manipulated on a computer.
While both phonographs and computer recording tools serve the purpose of
recording sound, they differ significantly in their underlying technologies
and mechanisms of operation. Phonographs are mechanical devices that use
physical mediums to record and reproduce sound, while computer recording
tools are digital technologies that capture and manipulate audio data using
computers and digital processing.
Q7 If wind power is so great, why weren't there any hurricanes
before windmills were invented?
A7 JoeMcAuley, Former Various Engineering/Technical at Ball Bros.
Research Corp., Miles Laboratories, Western Elec., IBM (1962–1974)Apr 13
There were hurricanes before windmills were invented. This is the second
question regarding windmills — I presume you mean wind turbines — and
hurricanes. There is no connection between wind turbines taking a slight
amount of energy out of very local winds and hurricanes being generated off
the African coast. The energy involved in creating a hurricane, or even a
thunderstorm, is far greater than all the energy produced by wind turbines
worldwide. This is a non-issue.
What is an issue is that fossil fuels help create hurricanes because they
warm the atmosphere by absorbing infrared radiation and radiating a portion
back to earth. A warmer atmosphere warms the oceans. Warmer oceans that
cover 71% of Earth’s surface evaporate more moisture into the atmosphere.
This forms more clouds and results in more rain and other forms of
precipitation, including snow. More moisture means more rains and snows,
sometimes flooding rains and record snows.
I don’t know where this latest conspiracy theory came from, but there is no
hurricane-enhancing effect from wind turbines. The opposite is true. For
every kilowatt generated by wind and solar, that’s a kilowatt not generated
by fossil fuels. It’s burning fossil fuels that is putting CO2 into the
atmosphere and causing warming. And the earth has had hurricanes ever since
there was a planet earth with oceans and solar heating.
KR People who hate me feel that I do the undoable; but let me
know the above Q and A and its purpose.
---------- Forwarded message ---------
From: 'gopala krishnan' via iyer123 <[email protected]>
Date: Sun, 21 Apr 2024 at 08:21
Subject: [iyer123] CULTURAL QA 04-2024-21
To: Patty Thatha <[email protected]>, Kerala Iyer <
[email protected]>, Iyer <[email protected]>
*CULTURAL QA 04-2024-21*
*All the BELOW QA are from Quora digest to me on 21-04-2024.*
* Quora answers need not be 100% correct answers *
*.Compiled and posted by R. Gopala krishnan, on 21-04-2024*
*Q1 Which of mankind's greatest discoveries came about purely by
accident?*
*A1 Steve Baker, Senior Software Engineer (2013–present)Feb 19*
*For sure there are significant numbers that were accidents.*
*When Bell invented the telephone - it was only by accidentally spilling
acid on the wires and creating a primitive battery that he got it to work.*
*Radioactivity was discovered when some kind of radioactive ore was stored
in the same drawer as some photographic plates.*
*It was an effort to figure out how fast the Earth was moving through the
Luminiferous Aether which resulted in the very odd discovery that not only
is there no Aether - but also that the speed of light is always the same no
matter the speed of the source or the recipient…which lead directly to
Relativity.*
*In 1965 , two radio astronomers: Penzias and Wilson, two radio astronomers
in the United States, were puzzles by a noisy signal in their radio
telescope that could not be attributed to any precise source in the sky. It
apparently came from everywhere with the same intensity, day or night,
summer or winter. They thought for a while that there was a fault in the
instrument - but after testing absolutely every single piece of it - could
find no fault. What it turned out that they were measuring was the Cosmic
Microwave Background radiation…which is what lead to the realization that
the universe started with the Big Bang.*
*While attempting to grow a particular bacterial culture, Alexander Fleming
found that an accidental fungal contamination the culture appeared to kill
the bacteria. This lead to the discovery of penicillin.*
*There are a LOT of examples of this kind of thing.*
*Even today - astronomers who were interested in measuring the masses of
black holes at the centers of galaxies by measure the rotation rates of the
stars that surround them - and realized that there was something seriously
weird about the rotation rates as a function of distance. This is what lead
us to the mystery of “Dark Matter” - which we’re still trying to unravel.*
*As I said - this kind of accident-leading-to-discovery is not at all
uncommon in the sciences.*
*Q2 What was very useful when it first came out but is useless
today?*
*A2 Bob Wilson,Former Professional geoscientist Feb 19*
*Its not useless, but it is never used anymore. The slide rule, when I was
in highschool, before calculators, slide rules were indispensable for doing
large calculations. They weren't as accurate as a calculator or as fast,
but they could save a lot of time and give a perfectly usable answer, then
in my first year of university calculators came out. At first they couldn't
do everything a slide rule could but, but within three years they could..*
*Later when I changed careers and became a ships Captain I had to learn
semiphore and Morse code, and how to use a sextant.*
*Almost immediately radios became good enough that semiphore and Morse code
weren't required for new candidates. Sat Nav (later GPS) and Loran meant
that I was the last year to take the tests for Semiphore, Morse code and
how to use a sextant. But I still have mine.*
*My note- I recollect the Mathematics tables used by me in the college
during 1961-1964 and early manual Number please telephone exchanges in
vogue till 1989’s. *
*Q3 What is a brilliant invention that should be more widespread?*
*A3 Alessandro13,Mar 2*
*In South Korea, numerous solar panels are placed in the middle of the
highway, between the two carriageways.*
*Below, these have a cycle path: cyclists are thus protected from the sun,
isolated from traffic, and can circulate safely and peacefully, while the
country produces clean energy*
*Q4 If the internet was invented in 1989, does that mean it has
been around for 35 years?*
*A4 Rik Elswit, Musician for 60 years. Professional musician for
55.Updated Mar 25*
*The internet dates back to the 1960s when ARPANET, part of the US defense
department, began hooking computers together to communicate. ARPANET
managed to get two computers to have a very short conversation in 1969, and
a network began to be built. TCP-IP created a communication standard in
1983, and the Worldwide Web, which is software that runs on the internet,
was created in 1990 by Britain’s Tim Berners-Lee. This democratized the
internet and allowed the general public to use it without having to learn
Unix. The Web itself was launched in 1993. You can rummage around in there
for a start date, but it’s kind of a fuzzy target.`. For most people, it’s
the Web. 1993.*
*Q5 When was the first silencer invented?*
*A5 Donald Puckridge ,Works at Women's and Children's Hospital,
· 4y*
*American inventor Hiram Percy Maxim, the son of “Maxim gun inventor",
Hiram Stevens Maxim's and co-founder of the ARRL ( American Radio Relay
League); is usually credited with inventing and selling the first
commercially successful silencer, around 1902, receiving a patent for it on
30th March 1904.*
*It had many names, silencer, suppressor, sound suppressor or sound
moderator, is a muzzle device. It can be detachable accessory, or integral
part of the muzzle or barrel.*
*The trademarked name “Maxim Silencer".*
*Q6 What invention played a major role in mankind's development but
gets little attention?*
*A6 Thomas Hedberg, Executive Director at International Medical
Crisis Response Alliance (IMCRA) (2013–present)Apr 12*
*The Phonograph.*
*Just think of it when relatively new. Sounds, famous people, music,
stories, education, speeches, events, drama etc. for those who were exposed
to that rarely, if ever. Voices of the dead and preservation of vanishing
events and peoples and languages. The Jazz Age, the Swing Era, Rock n Roll,
Beatlemania, Death Metal, Punk, all recordings that were responsible for
the naming of historical epochs. Home recordings and preservation of family
scenes encouraging creativity and art. The Theatre of the Mind in people
listening to programs first recorded and then broadcasr.*
*Finally, when added to the movies in 1893 (experimentally) and in 1910
(the kinetophone) a revolution in virtual reality.*
*Scientifically, our first understanding of the nature of sound and with
the phonautograph of 1857 our first visualization of the ocean of sound
surrounding us.*
*My note- Still we can see display of phonograph as an antique item in many
Kerala homes. *
* <https://www.quora.com/profile/Joe-McAuley-7>*
*Q7 If wind power is so great, why weren't there any hurricanes
before windmills were invented?*
* A7 JoeMcAuley, Former Various Engineering/Technical at Ball
Bros. Research Corp., Miles Laboratories, Western Elec., IBM (1962–1974)Apr
13*
*There were hurricanes before windmills were invented. This is the second
question regarding windmills — I presume you mean wind turbines — and
hurricanes. There is no connection between wind turbines taking a slight
amount of energy out of a very local winds and hurricanes being generated
off the African coast. The energy involved in creating a hurricane, or even
a thunderstorm, is far greater than all the energy produced by wind
turbines worldwide. This is a non-issue.*
*What is an issue it that fossil fuels help create hurricanes because they
warm the atmosphere by absorbing infrared radiation and radiating a portion
back to earth. A warmer atmosphere warms the oceans. Warmer oceans that
cover 71% of Earth’s surface evaporate more moisture into the atmosphere.
This forms more clouds and results in more rain and other forms of
precipitation, including snow. More moisture means more rains and snows,
sometimes flooding rains and record snows.*
*I don’t know where this latest conspiracy theory came from, but there is
no hurricane-enhancing effect from wind turbines. The opposite is true. For
every kilowatt generated by wind and solar, that’s a kilowatt not generated
by fossil fuels. It’s burning fossil fuels that is putting CO2 into the
atmosphere and causing warming. And the earth has had hurricanes ever since
there was a planet earth with oceans and solar heating.*
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