CULTURAL QA 06202406
Q Q1 What is something interesting that you just learned?
KR As usual a student sends some thinking without any
forethought which is here; residential in India AC may not be operating
below 18 or 25 maxima. But that is not at all logical, below 16 will go if
the weather outside is low; and nothing will happen. I have a Daikin; I
have Voltas; and I have L G and Hitachi. I once used to have 4 fans and 2
AC s in my office through out below 18 and at home in winter even at 14.
All worked well. I gave the old one to charity at Tambaram. So this theory
is misinformation.
No, not all air conditioners have limitations between 16 to 30
degrees Celsius settings only. While this range might be common in many air
conditioners, especially residential ones, there are also air conditioners
with wider temperature ranges. Some commercial or industrial air
conditioning systems might have broader settings to accommodate specific
needs or environments. Additionally, there are advanced models with more
precise temperature control options, allowing for finer adjustments outside
of this range.
Internationally, many air conditioning manufacturers produce units
with wider temperature ranges. Brands like Daikin, Mitsubishi Electric,
Panasonic, LG, and Carrier offer models with diverse temperature settings
to cater to various climates and user preferences.
In India, several brands also offer air conditioners with a broader range
of temperature settings. Some popular ones include Voltas, Blue Star,
Hitachi, Godrej, and Carrier. These brands often have models designed
specifically for the Indian market, which may include features tailored to
the country's climate conditions. K Rajaram IRS 6624 7624
NB Skin will become dry and for a few, breathings may be difficult
also. Had to use skin creams and nose blockers removals. Paraffin Wax will
do.
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Q2 Why does today's world not have scientists like Einstein, Tesla,
or Newton?
KR It is a good question but a backward answer is chosen. First
of all, what is the yardstick to say 1 Newton was the greatest? Einstein
was a magnum opus? A millennium scientist. As we see here, SUJATHA. Some
might have been thinking I am partial or biased. NO.
When M S Viswanathan was a music director without knowing to
write musical notes either here or western 2 with variable mike strength
unable to precisely cut the mix 3 forcibly practising by percussions,
strings and the rest apart from the vocalists, 4 waiting for their
call-sheets 5 trying hard only in Harmoniums, in creating a tune 6 hearing
the perfect chorus is impossible 7 and fixing the relevant instruments
only by trial and error and 8 producer , director pressure for shoot, apart
from problem with and without Kannadasan, grand tunes were made. And all
must play together and every dur swaras will have to start from the
beginning. Records must be churned for adjustments where a Radio Engineer
is a must. And today you people do not equate MSV with Einstein or M D
Ramanathan or Beethoven with Newton level. But say Ilaya Raja and A R
Rahman. Now everything can be separately made and punched. Even a single
violinist can play his 10 places separately and go for an Australian live
music program. Radio Eng is not that bad need. Even the music director may
fix it with software. Can take 10 versions from vocalists and mix. Any
lapses can be set off by software and laptop. But jumping like for IR and
AR, Sankar Jaikishan went dead for one Sangam tune, so tough.
Akarshana shakti was known in India and a lot of verses speak about
it but no one tells them as a pioneer. Newton said it wrongly. Einstein did
not know 90%. But we say big things about them. The applications were based
only on them after a lot of corrections which many scientists later did.
But we don’t remember their names. So let us appreciate their genius
brains. Let us also see the tiredness of the many scientists whose works
will be or will not be known as great after 100 years. Newton Einstein is
dicing a chance by karma to be popular. Others we are not bothered today;
but might remember in 3025 AD. So Q is Good, AQ is irrelevant. All are
scientists who scratch their brains. I may attribute it as SUJATHA-SYNDROME.
Comparing Isaac Newton and Albert Einstein with contemporary
scientists can be a bit challenging because they lived in different eras
and made contributions to different areas of science. However, it's not
uncommon to draw comparisons between historical figures like Newton and
Einstein and modern scientists in terms of their impact, influence, and the
significance of their contributions to science.
Isaac Newton laid the foundation for classical mechanics and the laws of
motion in the 17th century with his work "Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia
Mathematica." His laws of motion and universal gravitation were
revolutionary and had a profound impact on physics and our understanding of
the natural world.
Albert Einstein, on the other hand, revolutionized physics in the early
20th century with his theory of relativity. His special theory of
relativity, published in 1905, fundamentally changed our understanding of
space, time, and gravity. His later theory of general relativity further
expanded on these ideas and provided a new framework for understanding the
universe.
Comparing Newton and Einstein to contemporary scientists involves
considering the scale and scope of their contributions relative to the
context of their times. While there are certainly modern scientists who
have made significant breakthroughs and advancements in their fields, the
enduring impact and influence of figures like Newton and Einstein on the
trajectory of science cannot be overstated. They are often considered among
the greatest scientific minds in history, and their work continues to shape
and inspire scientific inquiry today.
It's important to recognize that scientific progress is a
collective effort involving countless researchers, and the contributions of
individuals like Newton and Einstein stand out not just for their
brilliance but also for their timing and the specific challenges they
addressed. While it's rare for a single scientist to have the same level of
impact and influence as Newton or Einstein did in their respective eras,
there are undoubtedly many contemporary scientists who are making
significant contributions to their fields and advancing our understanding
of the universe.
In modern times, scientific progress often involves collaboration
among teams of researchers, interdisciplinary approaches, and the
utilization of advanced technologies and methodologies that were not
available in the past. This can make it challenging to identify singular
figures who dominate their fields in the same way that Newton and Einstein
did during their lifetimes.
However, there are certainly scientists today who have achieved
international recognition for their groundbreaking work and whose
contributions are reshaping our understanding of the world.
For example, in the field of physics, individuals like Dr.
Andre Geim and Dr. Konstantin Novoselov were awarded the Nobel Prize in
Physics in 2010 for their groundbreaking work on graphene. In biology,
researchers like Dr. Jennifer Doudna and Dr. Emmanuelle Charpentier
received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2020 for their development of the
CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing technology. ARE YOU AWARE OF THEM AND THEIR
CONTRIBUTIONS? NOVOSELOV did this:” Carbon exists in several different
natural forms. A material consisting of carbon atoms arranged in a
hexagonal lattice and only one atom thick was long considered a purely
theoretical construction. In 2004 Konstantin Novoselov and Andre Geim
successfully produced this material, graphene, and mapped its properties:
incredibly thin but still incredibly strong, good heat and electrical
conductivity, almost entirely transparent yet very dense. Graphene creates
new possibilities within materials technology and electronics.”. Newton and
Einstein may not know this; and the trend of electronics changed.
Some of the well-known scientists from India include:
C. V. Raman: Renowned for his discovery of the Raman Effect, for which he
was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930.
A. P. J. Abdul Kalam: Besides being the President of India, he was a
prominent aerospace scientist who played a crucial role in India's missile
development programs.
Satyendra Nath Bose: Known for his work in theoretical physics and for his
collaboration with Albert Einstein in developing the Bose-Einstein
statistics and the theory of Bose-Einstein condensates.
Venkatraman Ramakrishnan: A Nobel laureate in Chemistry for his work on the
structure and function of the ribosome.
M. S. Swaminathan: A geneticist and agricultural scientist known for his
role in India's Green Revolution.
Abhay Ashtekar: A theoretical physicist known for his contributions to the
field of general relativity and quantum gravity.
Vikram Sarabhai: Often regarded as the father of the Indian space program,
he played a pivotal role in establishing the Indian Space Research
Organisation (ISRO).
We call to preside over the ISRO new heads; but Sarabhai had to break
himself fighting with Nehru and Indra to sustain the energy. Power corrupts
absolutely. So let us not compare and let us not do hero-worship also.
Respect the brain. K Rajaram IRS 6624 7624
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Q3 How did early humans explain the world around them without the
knowledge of science and evolution?
KR Who said so? B.S. Are not our Rishis being scientists? I need
not write anything, far or against, the stupid Q and A And some days
back wrote washing hands at the time of Covid and ancestor; who was that?
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Q4 According to scientists, where does the largest part of oxygen
production on Earth come from?
KR Silk Road shot a brilliant modern science progressive field.
But older than 14 to 15 years of history behind. For those who might be
interested to know what is that PHYTOPLANKTON (I HAPPENED TO READ FROM USA
LIB 2 YEARS BACK)
Phytoplankton are microscopic, photosynthetic organisms that inhabit the
upper sunlit layer of almost all oceans and bodies of freshwater on Earth.
They are a critical component of the marine food web, serving as the
primary producers in these ecosystems. Here's a detailed overview of
phytoplankton:
Types of Phytoplankton
Diatoms: Structure: Encased in a silica shell called a frustule, which is
often intricately patterned.
Reproduction: Mostly asexual through binary fission, but can reproduce
sexually under certain conditions.
Habitat: Found in both marine and freshwater environments.
Dinoflagellates: Structure: Possess two flagella for movement; some species
have a cellulose armor known as the theca.
Reproduction: Asexual and sexual reproduction; some species can form cysts.
Habitat: Primarily marine, but also in freshwater.
Special Features: Some species are bioluminescent; others can cause harmful
algal blooms (red tides).
Cyanobacteria (Blue-Green Algae): Structure: Prokaryotic cells without a
nucleus, often in colonies or filaments.
Reproduction: Asexual through binary fission.
Habitat: Marine and freshwater environments, especially in nutrient-rich
waters.
Special Features: Capable of nitrogen fixation, converting atmospheric
nitrogen into usable forms.
Coccolithophores: Structure: Covered with calcium carbonate plates called
coccoliths.
Reproduction: Asexual and sexual reproduction.
Habitat: Predominantly marine.
Special Features: Play a significant role in the global carbon cycle.
Green Algae (Chlorophytes): Structure: Contain chlorophylls a and b,
similar to higher plants.
Reproduction: Asexual and sexual reproduction.
Habitat: Found in both marine and freshwater environments.
Ecological Importance Primary Production:
Phytoplankton are responsible for about half of the global primary
production, converting carbon dioxide into organic matter through
photosynthesis.
Food Web Dynamics: Serve as the base of the marine food web. Zooplankton
feed on phytoplankton, and in turn, larger organisms consume zooplankton.
Biogeochemical Cycles: Play a crucial role in the cycling of nutrients
such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus. Through processes like the
biological carbon pump, they help sequester carbon dioxide from the
atmosphere, influencing global climate.
Oxygen Production: Contribute significantly to the oxygen in the Earth's
atmosphere, with estimates suggesting they produce about 50% of the oxygen
we breathe.
Environmental Influences Light: Essential for photosynthesis;
phytoplankton are typically found in the euphotic zone where light
penetration is sufficient.
Nutrients: Require nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and iron for
growth. Nutrient availability can limit or promote phytoplankton blooms.
Temperature: Influences metabolic rates and distribution patterns.
Water Movement: Currents, tides, and upwelling can transport phytoplankton
and nutrients, influencing their abundance and distribution.
Human Impacts
Eutrophication: Nutrient runoff from agriculture and wastewater can lead
to excessive phytoplankton growth, resulting in harmful algal blooms which
can deplete oxygen levels in the water and harm aquatic life.
Climate Change: Changes in sea surface temperatures, acidification, and
altered circulation patterns can affect phytoplankton populations and
distribution.
Pollution: Contaminants like oil spills and heavy metals can negatively
impact phytoplankton health and productivity.
Research and Monitoring
Remote Sensing: Satellites equipped with sensors can monitor phytoplankton
abundance and distribution on a global scale by detecting chlorophyll
concentrations in the water.
Field Studies: Collection of water samples to analyze phytoplankton
communities and measure environmental parameters.
Laboratory Experiments: Controlled studies to understand physiological
responses of phytoplankton to various environmental conditions.
Understanding phytoplankton is crucial for marine science, as they are
fundamental to ocean health, carbon cycling, and climate regulation. They
also serve as indicators of environmental change, making them a key focus
of ecological and climate research.
Some references: for further studies
Books
1"Marine Microbiology: Ecology & Applications" by Colin Munn
This book provides an excellent introduction to marine microbiology,
including extensive sections on phytoplankton and their ecological roles.
2 "Phytoplankton Pigments: Characterization, Chemotaxonomy and
Applications in Oceanography" edited by Suzanne Roy, Carole A. Llewellyn,
Einar Skarstad Egeland, and Geir Johnsen
3 "Phytoplankton Functional Types and Climate-Driven Changes in Coastal
Upwelling Systems" by Eileen E. Hofmann, Kevin S. Hedgpeth, et al. (Journal
of Marine Systems, 2011)
4 NASA Ocean Color Web
Provides data, tools, and educational resources related to the study of
ocean color, which is closely linked to phytoplankton research.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) - Phytoplankton
Monitoring Network K Rajaram IRS 7624
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Q5 What animal(s) can theoretically drive humans to extinction if
given the chance?
KR Not even a single cell, leave alone the animals. We can be destroyed
only by natural catastrophe. There are so many big theories about it
Q6 What are some inventions that were invented surprisingly late?
KR Again question is irrelevant as creativity cannot be calendared
Q7 Can a person be religious and scientific simultaneously? Is this
beneficial or detrimental to society?
KR OMG Atheism is the miniscule percentage; 99% scientists have
faith in levels from 10 to 5 .
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K Rajaram IRS 7624 6624
---------- Forwarded message ---------
From: 'gopala krishnan' via iyer123 <[email protected]>
Date: Thu, 6 Jun 2024 at 10:21
Subject: [iyer123] CULTURAL QA 06-2024-06
To: Iyer <[email protected]>
*CULTURAL QA 06-2024-06*
*All the below QA is from Quora digest to me on 06-06-2024.*
*Quora answers may not be 100% correct answers.*
*Compiled **and posted by R. Gopala krishnan, on 06-06-2024*
*Q1 What is something interesting that you just learned?*
Manish, Student Jun 1
Have you ever wondered why the minimum temperature of AC is at 16°C and
maximum is at 30°C?
Well for the maximum part, we can assume that we need AC to keep ourselves
cool and comfortable, so keeping AC at 30° doesn't make any sense. But why
the minimum is set at 16°C, like can't we further lower the temperature?
Well to be fair if you do need an AC below 16°C, then I would suggest you
to buy a refrigerator instead. AC aren't generally designed to cool that
much.
Actually the air conditioner has an evaporator that uses coolant to stay
cool. Cool air is released from the air conditioner only after the
evaporator has reached a certain temperature. The evaporator will suffer
total damage from ice freezing on it if the air conditioner is set below 16
degrees.The reason ice forms on the evaporator is because the refrigerant
exiting it has very little pressure. This means that if the evaporator is
run at a low temperature, ice will build on it and cause damage.
More over reducing the temperate below 16°C will require lot of power
consumption. The size of the compressor itself should be big enough to do
the additional work.
Also too low temperature will reduce the humidity inside the room, you
might have seen water droplets coming out of Air-Conditioner.If temperature
settings are too low, lot of such water vapours will be removed from the
room which will make our skin dry..!
*Q2 Why does today's world not have scientists like Einstein,
Tesla, or Newton?*
A2 Vivek Tulja, Former underpaid, overworked, underappreciated
scientist. Mon
First of all, Tesla was not a scientist. He was an engineer and his name
does not belong in a list that has Newton and Einstein on it.
Both Newton and Einstein were once-in-a-century people. Actually, they
might be even more rare than once-in-a-century. Newton lived in the 17th
century; Einstein in the 20th. Quite a gap. Maybe the next scientist of
their level will come about in another hundred years? Who can predict?
If a scientist of Newton or Einstein’s stature is in existence today, we
may not know about him/her for a few decades. Most such people receive the
recognition that they deserve later in life or even posthumously.
*Q3 How did early humans explain the world around them without the
knowledge of science and evolution?*
A3 Nick James, May 30
Largely, they did not. They were too busy surviving.
Some smart people noticed this lack of information and a general curiosity
in people. They decided to provide it. They invented gods and other things,
with zero evidence. They invented religion to put around those knowledge
inventions. They appointed themselves to high positions in the religion to
give themselves power, influence, wealth and the best food.
This may explain why there are at least 10,000 registered religions in the
US alone. A guaranteed get-rich-quick route for those that can lie and
smile at the same time.
*Q4 According to scientists, where does the largest part of oxygen
production on Earth come from?*
A4 Silk Road, Physics, AI Machine Learning. LLM Training Tue
Simply put, the largest part of oxygen production on Earth happens in the
ocean.
Forget the Amazon rainforest, those towering trees are amateurs compared to
the microscopic powerhouses churning out oxygen beneath the waves.
I'm talking about phytoplankton, single-celled algae that are the unsung
heroes of our atmosphere.
These tiny organisms may not be as charismatic as pandas or as majestic as
whales, but they are the backbone of the marine food web and, more
importantly, the primary source of the oxygen we breathe.
Think of them as the lungs of the planet, inhaling carbon dioxide and
exhaling life-giving oxygen through photosynthesis.
It's a mind-boggling concept, but these microscopic organisms are
responsible for an estimated 50-80% of the oxygen in our atmosphere.
That's more than all the rainforests on Earth combined.
But don't let their size fool you, these phytoplankton are tough little
buggers.
They thrive in a wide range of conditions, from the frigid waters of the
Arctic to the tropical seas of the equator.
They've been around for billions of years, surviving mass extinctions and
climate shifts that would make even the most hardened cockroach shudder.
In fact, they are so resilient that scientists are studying them to
understand how life might exist on other planets.
*Q5 What animal(s) can theoretically drive humans to extinction if
given the chance?*
A5 Andras Lu, scientist with several decades experience3h
Well, thank you, but we will do that ourselves. ;-)
The only way I could think off that human extinction could be driven by a
single species, is by some deadly disease. If some antibiotics
multi-resistant bacteria would evolve that can live and reproduce in any
multi-cell animal, but would only be deadly for humans, that could kill us
off. On the other hand: bacteria are not really animals.
Maybe if ants would carry a deadly virus — for humans. The virus would
reproduce quickly in ants and then distribute through the air and infect
humans with some deadly disease. Ants are present all around the world, on
every continent, and without ants large parts of the ecosystems would
collapse. In some parts of the rain forest 80% of all animal mass is from
ants — there are probably ten times more ants in weight than humans!
If ants would get self conscious and act collaborative against humans, they
could conceal their attack and we would not stand a chance. An
out-in-the-open war against us would likely lead to the total world
destruction: humans are less likely to survive that than ants.
*Q6 What are some inventions that were invented surprisingly late?*
A6 Clara Wright, Devotion Designer Mon
There are many inventions that we often take for granted today , but were
actually invented surprisingly late in history . One such invention is the
bicycle , which was not invented until the early 19th century by German
inventor Karl Drais . Prior to this , people had to rely on walking or
using horses for transportation , making the bicycle a revolutionary mode
of transportation . Another invention that was invented surprisingly late
is the zipper . It was n't until 1913 that Swedish-American inventor Gideon
Sundback created the modern zipper that we know and use today . Before this
, people had to rely on buttons , hooks , and laces to fasten their
clothing , which was much more time-consuming and less efficient . The
ballpoint pen , which is now a common writing tool , was also invented
surprisingly late in 1938 by Hungarian journalist László Bíró . Before this
, people used quill pens and fountain pens , which were messy and required
frequent refills of ink . These inventions may seem like they have been
around forever , but in reality , they were only invented in the relatively
recent past . It goes to show that even the most basic and essential items
we use daily were once groundbreaking innovations . If you want to learn
more about other inventions that were surprisingly invented late , check
out the link in our bio . You 'll be amazed at how much our world has
changed in just a few short centuries.
Profile photo for David Moore
*Q7 Can a person be religious and scientific simultaneously? Is
this beneficial or detrimental to society?*
A7 David Moore, Studied Bachelor of Science Degrees & Biochemistry
at University of Sydney May 30
Was the development of air conditioning beneficial or detrimental to
society? Ampere was a currently practicing Catholic in his time, Faraday
was an evangelical Protestant who obviously had a high capacity for logic,
Joule practiced science energetically because of his faith, and so did lord
Kelvin (perhaps more temperately).
Pascal was also not pressured into any religious affiliation, and was not
pensive when it came to talking about his beliefs.
Hence, if we are to deny the compatibility of scientific validity with
religiosity, we must simultaneously practice apostasy with respect to much
of our most basic physics. Newton is definitely an unorthodox example of
the same principle, but I won’t force him into the equation here.
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