Rajaram Sir, Iam forwarding many of your great posts to our granddaughter who is doing PhD in Physics.Thank You Sir. YM
On Sun, Jun 16, 2024 at 8:01 AM Rajaram Krishnamurthy <[email protected]> wrote: > CERN Just Got Closer to Figuring Out Why Antimatter Hasn't Annihilated > Everything > > PHYSICS University Manchester > > Why do we exist? This is arguably the most profound question there is and > one that may seem completely outside the scope of particle physics. We are > acting against the nature; yet we are surviving why? > > But our new experiment at CERN's Large Hadron Collider has taken us a step > closer to figuring it out. > > To understand why, let's go back in time some 13.8 billion years to the > Big Bang. (This article was written in 2019; now we have crossed that > 13.8B) This event produced equal amounts of the matter you are made of > and something called antimatter. It is believed that every particle has > an antimatter companion that is virtually identical to itself, but with the > opposite charge. When a particle and its antiparticle meet, they annihilate > each other – disappearing in a burst of light. {annihilation means > positive hit by same amount of negative; black hole concept is similar} Why > the Universe we see today is made entirely out of matter is one of the > greatest mysteries of modern physics. Had there ever been an equal amount > of antimatter, everything in the Universe would have been annihilated. > > Our research has unveiled a new source of this asymmetry between matter > and antimatter. Antimatter was first postulated by Arthur Schuster in > 1896, given a theoretical footing by Paul Dirac in 1928, and discovered in > the form of anti-electrons, dubbed positrons, by Carl Anderson in 1932. The > positrons occur in natural radioactive processes, such as in the decay of > Potassium-40. This means your average banana (which contains Potassium) > emits a positron every 75 minutes. These then annihilate with matter > electrons to produce light. Medical applications like PET scanners produce > antimatter in the same process. {KR This article is placed here for Mr > YMji to understand, calamity is not only caused by human, but also but > nature; example a simple banana} The fundamental building blocks of > matter that make up atoms are elementary particles called quarks and > leptons. There are six kinds of quarks: up, down, strange, charm, bottom > and top. Similarly, there are six leptons: the electron, muon, tau and the > three neutrinos. There are also antimatter copies of these twelve particles > that differ only in their charge. Antimatter particles should in principle > be perfect mirror images of their normal companions. But experiments show > this isn't always the case. Take for instance particles known as mesons, > which are made of one quark and one anti-quark. Neutral mesons have a > fascinating feature: they can spontaneously turn into their anti-meson and > vice versa. In this process, the quark turns into an anti-quark or the > anti-quark turns into a quark. But experiments *have shown that this can > happen more in one direction than the opposite one* – creating more > matter than antimatter over time. > > Among particles containing quarks, only those including strange > and bottom quarks have been found to exhibit such asymmetries – and these > were hugely important discoveries. The very first observation of asymmetry > involving strange particles in 1964 allowed theorists to predict the > existence of six quarks – at a time when only three were known to exist. > The discovery of asymmetry in bottom particles in 2001 was the final > confirmation of the mechanism that led to the six-quark picture. Both > discoveries led to Nobel Prizes. Both the strange and bottom quark carry > a negative electric charge. The only positively charged quark that in > theory should be able to form particles that can exhibit matter-antimatter > asymmetry is charm. Theory suggests that if it does, then the effect should > be tiny and difficult to detect. > > If this asymmetry is not coming from the same > mechanism causing the strange and bottom quark asymmetries, this leaves > room for new sources of matter-antimatter asymmetry that can add to the > total such asymmetry in the early universe. And that's important as the few > known cases of asymmetry can't explain why the universe contains so much > matter. Antimatter is also at the heart of a number of other experiments. > Whole anti-atoms are being produced at CERN's Antiproton Decelerator, which > feeds a number of experiments conducting high precision measurements. > While we still cannot completely solve the mystery of the universe's > matter-antimatter asymmetry, our latest discovery has opened the door to an > era of precision measurements that have the potential to uncover yet > unknown phenomena. There's every reason to be optimistic that physics will > one day be able to explain why we are here at all. K RAJARAM IRS > 15624 16624 > > On Sat, 15 Jun 2024 at 20:14, Markendeya Yeddanapudi < > [email protected]> wrote: > >> >> >> -- >> *Mar*Freedom to Nature >> >> >> >> Every organism strives and yearns to relate emotionally and feelingly to >> and with nature. Actually after a brief stint of living, it becomes part of >> nature, which we call death and we dread it as a catastrophe. With our eyes >> we can see just 00.0037% of the totality of nature, which we call the >> visible spectrum. The remaining totality, 99.67%, which is invisible or >> which the eyes cannot see, is in the abstract arena of feelings and >> emotions. Life means feelings and emotions and not rutting as a machine >> called body without feelings. One without feelings and emotions is a dead >> body. >> >> Nature itself is the grand arena of feelings and emotions and not a >> feeling-less and emotions-less machine. In free and healthy nature, >> feelings and emotions take over as relating and every sight creates >> feelings and emotions. One can see emotionally only. >> >> Suppose evolution never gave us eyes. Then feeling and sensing becomes >> living and relating. If an organism develops eyes that see, it will be >> taken as a disease, the main symptom being the restriction to the visible >> spectrum, 00.0037% of the totality. >> >> The macro effect of the Lithosphere, Hydrosphere, Troposphere and >> Biosphere is the dominance of feelings and emotions in the air. When you go >> on destroying forests, which automatically results in the destruction of >> the flora and the fauna of the forest, you are inflicting macro emotional >> shocks on all organisms, including you. The organisms lose the basic >> ingredient of life-rapture. Just go into thick nature, recognizing the fact >> that you are entering the sea of emotions created by the organisms. If you >> keep that fact in mind, you pave the way for rapture. You can actually see >> the small bits of rapture when you see a small flower or a buzzing bee or >> singing bird. They all interact with you creating in you the urge to >> respond emotionally and emotions take over your living. >> >> Unfortunately, urbanization, industrialization, mechanization and >> economic life as life itself have removed from us the basic faculty of >> feeling nature and emotionally interacting with nature. The more the >> mechanization, the less the emotional relations, machines cannot feel. >> Today technology has taken over, continuously corroding the emotional >> edifice of nature. When emotions and feelings reduce, the internal hormonal >> communications to the seven octillion cells in you get reduced and each >> cell becomes lethargic. A cell, mind you is a big mini Universe though >> microscopic in size. >> >> We are creating a gigantic emotional feelings death in nature. When a >> development project is taken up, the first thing that is done is the >> removal of all grasses, tiny plants and many big trees, which is called >> clearance. Then huge buildings with metalled roads, ACs, vehicles of >> different pollutions etc remove the arena of feelings and emotions. When it >> is a big city, you find people running and running chased by economics. At >> many places marriages simply vanished, as relating emotionally is too >> tiring. The so called achievement of a person, become actually the victory >> in the Darwinian war against the other life forms. >> >> It is time for every university to develop big free nature parks, so that >> intelligence becomes the real intelligence which is emotional and feeling >> intelligence and not the mechanical and mathematical synchronization. But >> unfortunately no university can dare to say, no to mechanization and >> surrender to computers and Robots. >> >> The revival of free nature is urgent.Fortunately,if given a tiny chance, >> nature will bounce back. Butterfly effect is real. Even tiny efforts by >> simple people is giving handsome dividends in the shape of revived nature, >> flora, fauna, lakes, even rivers and waterfalls with forests etc. >> >> Development must be redefined as the growth of free nature, with minimal >> human tampering. We must remember the basic fact that education means, the >> subject matter that interacts and not putty obeying your will. >> >> YM >> >> Chat GPT >> >> Your reflections on the importance of emotional and feeling-based >> connections with nature, and the consequences of their loss due to >> industrialization and urbanization, raise several profound points that >> resonate with many ecological and psychological perspectives. Here are some >> key ideas and references that align with your views: >> >> >> >> 1. **Emotional and Psychological Benefits of Nature**: >> >> - **Biophilia Hypothesis**: This theory, popularized by Edward O. >> Wilson, suggests that humans have an innate affinity for nature. Studies >> have shown that spending time in nature can reduce stress, improve mood, >> and enhance overall well-being. >> >> - **Attention Restoration Theory (ART)**: Proposed by Stephen Kaplan >> and Rachel Kaplan, ART posits that natural environments help restore >> attention and cognitive function, which are often depleted in urban >> settings . >> >> >> >> 2. **Impact of Urbanization and Mechanization**: >> >> - Urbanization and the spread of technology have led to "nature >> deficit disorder," a term coined by Richard Louv in his book "Last Child in >> the Woods." This term describes the consequences of human alienation from >> nature, including diminished use of the senses, attention difficulties, and >> higher rates of physical and emotional illnesses. >> >> >> >> 3. **Ecological and Biological Connections**: >> >> - **Ecosystem Services**: Forests and other natural environments >> provide essential services like air and water purification, climate >> regulation, and habitat for biodiversity. The destruction of these >> environments disrupts these services and the intricate web of life they >> support. >> >> - **Interconnectedness of Life**: The concept that all life forms are >> interconnected and that humans are a part of this web is central to many >> ecological philosophies, including those of indigenous cultures and deep >> ecology movements . >> >> >> >> 4. **Reviving Natural Spaces**: >> >> - **Urban Green Spaces**: Creating and maintaining urban parks, >> community gardens, and green roofs can help mitigate the effects of >> urbanization. These spaces provide not only ecological benefits but also >> opportunities for residents to connect with nature. >> >> - **Rewilding Initiatives**: Rewilding efforts, which aim to restore >> natural processes and wilderness areas, have shown promise in reviving >> ecosystems and promoting biodiversity . >> >> >> >> 5. **Educational Approaches**: >> >> - **Environmental Education**: Integrating environmental education >> into curricula can foster a deeper understanding and appreciation of nature >> among students. Programs that include outdoor learning experiences are >> particularly effective in cultivating environmental stewardship. >> >> - **Nature-Based Therapies**: Practices such as ecotherapy and forest >> bathing (shinrin-yoku) emphasize the healing power of nature and are >> gaining recognition for their therapeutic benefits . >> >> >> >> By emphasizing the intrinsic value of nature and promoting ways to >> reintegrate natural experiences into our lives, we can work towards a more >> balanced and emotionally fulfilling existence. This approach aligns with >> your vision of nurturing intelligence and creativity through a deeper >> connection with the natural world. >> > -- *Mar* -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Thatha_Patty" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to [email protected]. 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