SANSKRT SOURCES OF KERALA HISTORY PART 6 KR IRS 1824 2824 The Kotapuram inscription Dated Kollam (Dated 669)historical details of inscriptions in Sanskrit about Kerala , in and out of Kerala 1
The ruined Mandapa <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/mandapa#history> infront of the Kodapuram temple <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/temple#history>, west Kallada contains a three line <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/line#history> Sanskrit <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/sanskrit#history> verse inscription engraved on the foundation. As the record is unpublished, its full text is given— *śrī svastyastu | kolambe nitikālagrahamiti gaṇite vastare devapūjya |* *kumbhaṛṣe caitra ............... daśadinayuji mithune māsi sūrye suvāre |* *dvādaśyāṃ maitratāre dharaṇisurapatissūkṣmalagne pratiṣṭhāṃ |* *rā?[Ã]jñī sā śrāvaṇādhyā jayaharikulajā akāyannandasūnoḥ |* In the kollam era 669 expressed by the chronogram *nītikālagraha* The historical significance of the inscription consists in the fact that it introduces to history an unknown Quilon of Venad. It is actually significant that the female members of the royal house <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/house#history>, traditionally the members of the Attingal line, were treated as descendants of the original house of Jayahari that stands for Jayasimha <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/jayasimha#history>. ---------------------------------------- The Padmaneri Grant of Venkatapati I - Historical details from Sanskrit Inscriptions 2 The Padmaneri grant had been issued by King <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/king#history> Venkatapati I of the third dynasty of Vijayanagar. It consists of 159 Sanskrit <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/sanskrit#history> verses written in Nagari <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/nagari#history> characters. The Grant has been composition of Krshna kavi Kamakodi. On the day devadasi <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/devadasi#history>, in the bright fortnight of the month of Sravana <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/shravana#history> in the year 1520 Saka <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/shaka#history> expressed by the chronogram—*vyomanetrakolamba **indu* <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/indu#history>. The grant was made at the instants of Krishnappa-Nayaka <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/nayaka#history> of Madura <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/madura#history>. This record has two fold significance for Kerala <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/kerala#history> history. Firstly it says that Visvanathnayaka of Madurai <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/madurai#history> defeated the Tiruvati king, in addition to the Vanadaraya and Pandya <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/pandya#history> rulers. It is stated:— *prakhyātaśrīstiruvaṭi mahāpāṇḍyavāṇādarāyaprāgryānanyānapi raṇamukhe pārthivānāśu jitvā* *tattatsīmāṃ nijabhujabalādāharan viśvanāthakṣoṇīpālo abhajata madhurārājyasāmrājya lakṣmīm ||* In addition to the statement that Visvanatha <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/vishvanatha#history> Nayaka defeated the Tiruvati king in battle. This inscription says that the donor of the grant captured the seven emblems of the Tiruvati. Also Krsnappa is given the title of ‘Lord of the southern ocean’. The epigraph says:— *pratyaṅgamādibhūpānāṃ prakaṭīkurvataḥ prathāṃ śrīdakṣiṇasamudreśaprakhyātabirudonnataḥ* *śrīmat pañcartiruvaṭi **saptāṅga* <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/saptanga#history>* haraṇaujasaḥ varavīra **mahīpāla* <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/mahipala#history> * vārākarasudhānidheḥ* This passage possesses immense value for the history of Tiruvitamkur because, it becomes clear that Krishnappanayaka personally took part in some battle against the Tiruvati king. The statement that Krishnappa was the lord of the Southern Ocean implies that he was able to bring under his control the eastern dominions of the rulers of Travancore. However, it has to be conceded that the mere assumption of the boastful title of Dakshinasamudresa does not properly indicate that the claimant was actually the lord of the whole territory ending with the southern sea. The inscription says that Krishnappa captured the 7 emblems of the five tiruvatis. The usage under reference is Pancar -Tiruvati. The fact that it is a mislection for Panca <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/panca#history> -Tiruvati has been proved by the Vellangudi place of the same king, and composed by the same poet. The idea of the five Tiruvadi’s is not as common in Travancore history as the five Pandyas <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/pandya#history> in Pandya History. The only known mention of five Tiruvadis is to be found in the Ancutampuranpattu which celebrates the life <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/life#history> of five princess named Sakalakala Marthanda Varma, Palakala <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/palakala#history> Aditya <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/aditya#history> Varma, Pararama Adityavarma, Vanci <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/vanci#history> Adityavarma and Pararamar. It is likely that the Panca Tiruvati’s mentions in the Padmaneri and Vellangudi place are identical with the Ancutampuran’s of the Ancuthampuran pattu. Chronologically the date of the five Tampuran’s comes close to that of Krishnappa nayaka, because, according to a Suchindra inscription. Sakalakala Marthandavarma flourished in 716 M.E. (1541 AD) Another piece of historical information springing from the Padmaneri Grant is that in Saka 1520, Padmaneri, a village <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/village#history> in Venad: *śrīsamagre tiruvaṭirājye vāṇanāṭuke paccāttuppukkuke cāpi prakhyātiṃ samupaśritaṃ* *śrīmattirumalāmbāyāḥ puramityaparābhidhaṃ padmanerītināmnāṃ grāmamārāmaśobhitam ||* from this we are to understand that by that time Travancore lost its sway over the region. It has to be noted that in 721 M.E. (1546 AD) Padmeneri was under the Travancore ruler, a fact proved by the Padmeneri inscription of Vira <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/vira#history> Udaya <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/udaya#history> Martanda <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/martanda#history> Varma. -------------------------------------- Tiruvitancode Inscription of Vira Iravi Varma - Historical details from Sanskrit Inscriptions 3 This inscription in Sanskrit <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/sanskrit#history> verse written in Malayalam characters in engraved on the north wall <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/wall#history> of the Mandapa <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/mandapa#history> Infront of the Siva <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/shiva#history> temple <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/temple#history> at Tiruvitamcode. It consists of 5 stanzas. The first stanza says— “In the kollam year expressed by the chronogram *dvipāde* (ie. in the year 814), when the son had risen to Vedabhaga (when it had passed four days), i.e., on the fifth day of Midhuna, on the day of the 13th Tithi <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/tithi#history> of the bright half (of the moon) when the star was Anuradha, in Kharakarana, and Sidhayoga, Ravivarma the lord of the Yadavas <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/yadava#history>, having renovated the temple of Vatakrodadeva, performed the purification ceremony according to the prescribed rule. In the last stanza it has been revealed that the stanzas are the composition of one Balarama of the Vatamulageha. Since the king <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/king#history> figuring in this inscription is known from many other records such as the Padmanabhapuram inscription of 798 M.E. etc. But the last stanza which speaks of the Vatamulageha is of great importance for the purposes of history. The stanza is following: *śrīpādamūlahite vaṭamūlagehe viśiṣṭāśucitā juṣibālarāma* *ślokānimānakṛta sokalākalāpa pādāravindarajasā pariśuddhacetāḥ ||* Here Sripada <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/shripada#history> is taken to mean the Sreepadam svarupam or the Attingal svaroopam and Vatamulageha is identified with the Vatasseri Illam <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/illam#history>, which is famous as one of the Tavalis of Venad. The word Mulam is taken to mean the original. Thus the usage presents the compact idea that Balarama, the author belonged to the Vatasseri illam of the Travancore royal line <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/line#history>. Five Sanskrit inscriptions are met with in the region of Kochi for analysing there historical relevant. Four of them having direct reference about the rulers of Kochi. The Kochi region inscriptions are found related to the rulers, Koda Iravi <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/iravi#history> (Trppunittura [Thrippunithura?]), Paliyasa, the Minister of Kochi (Tiruvanchikulam [Thiruvanchikulam?] and Cennamangalam) and Ramavarma Saktan Tampuran (Trppunittura [Thrippunithura]). ---------------------------------------- Kotai Iravi Inscription (Thrippunithura 917-944 AD) - Historical details from Sanskrit Inscriptions 4 *brahmendracandrārkamanena keśavam* *mahendraḥ* <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/mahendra#history>* ṣaḍvaḥ śubhasaṃgamiṣyatām* *ārogyamaiśvaryamudārabhogyatām ||* This is inscribed on a slab on the cuttambalam of Santanagopalaswami temple <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/temple#history>, Thrippunithura. It records certain praises of lord Krsna <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/krishna#history> and Lord Siva <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/shiva#history>. This Sanskrit <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/sanskrit#history> inscriptions forms part of the final portion of a Tamil <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/tamil#history> inscription. The inscription belongs to Kota <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/kota#history> Iravi <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/iravi#history>, who might be the Chera ruler Goda <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/goda#history> Ravivarma (917 -944 AD). The inscription of Goda Ravi <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/ravi#history>, discovered from Nedumpuram, Tali <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/tali#history>, Avittathur, Cokkur, Thrippunithura and Udayamperur have helped historian in working out the chronology of his reign and fixing up the limits of the Chera empire during this period. -------------------------------------- Netranarayana Inscription (Vadakkunnatha, Tricur—1731 AD) - Historical details from Sanskrit Inscriptions 5 *yogīśvaracitrakṛtau vṛṣālaye* *yannetranārāyaṇaśśiṣyamādiśat* *likhannaśeṣaṃ punaryathāpūrvaṃ kṛṣṇassaśiṣyassudine* *samāpayat sādhavaḥ kṣantumarhanti likhannaśeṣaṃ sa punaḥ kaliḥ ||* The record is referred to the repainting of the picture on the southern side of the wall <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/wall#history> of the central shrine <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/shrine#history> of over the sala <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/shala#history> of the Vadakkunatha temple <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/temple#history> Tricur. The repainting work has done by one Krsna <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/krishna#history> with the assistance of his students in the kollam era 906 (AD 1731) by the order of one Netranarayana. No royal connection can be seen in this document. The term vrsalaya found in this inscription may be the synonym of vrsagiri (Trichur) ---------------------------- Paliyasa Inscription (Tiruvancikulam—1801 AD) Historical details from Sanskrit Inscriptions 6 *yaḥ kaścicchāstrabāhyo yamadahṛduciteḥ kārayitvā tathāddhā* * kāle devaddhiramyaṃ dhruvamihanilayaṃ māṭabhūpājñayā tam |* *govindaḥ* <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/govinda#history>* pāliyaśo giriśamabhinavīkārayanvañculeśaṃ* * nyakṣeṇonnaddhasaukhyaṃ kalitaghaṭasahasrābhiṣiktaṃ vyadhattā |* *dordvaṇḍaṃ yajñaduṣṭaṃ nijamiti kalayanyastu māyākaṭākṣā* * ddhārāvṛṣṭīryathārthaṃ satatamapi diśannarthināṃ sadguṇāḍhyaḥ* *vīraśrīrāmavarmāhvaya dharaṇipatirvañculeśasya* * śambhobhūridīpamāraṃ nijasacivavaraiḥ kārayāmāsa nūnam ||* *dehe ślokānujuṣṭhe kalitimirahare vañculeśānagehe* * caikārambhassaśambhuḥ citaśaraṇadhiyā rāmavarmā sukarmā |* *māṭeśo dīpamāraṃ punaratanuta takṣetranūtnīkriyānte* * dhārāvṛṣṭītivākye druviṇavitaraṇe yatkaṭākṣāddhruvaṃ syāt* || Kollam era 976 (1801 AD), Govinda <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/govinda#history>, the Paliyasa, being commented by the Madabhupathi (Kochin king <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/king#history>) renovated the temple <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/temple#history> of Vanculesa, which had been descecrated by the Sastrabahya (heritic). Kollam era 1006 (AD 1831), king Ramavarma of Kochin got light house <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/house#history> of the temple of Vanculesa, reconstructed by his ministers. King Ramavarma of Kochin got a lamp <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/lamp#history> pavilion built by his minister after completion of the renovation. >From AD 1756, onwards the Mysorian intervention continued in Malabar till the treaties of Srirangapattanam signed on February 22 and March 18, 1792 AD, when Tippu formally ceded Malabar to the British. The cities possible to connect the inscriptional usage heretic to Tippu in connection with his advance to Malabar. The first verse is of the year AD 1801, which belonged to King Ramavarma Saktan Tampuran (1790-1805 AD). While the other two verses are of the year AD 1831, which are related to the king Ramavarma (1828-1837 AD) Paliyasa inscription (Cennamangalam, 1803 AD) Historical details from Sanskrit Inscriptions 7 This inscription in a single verse is found on the east base of the flag <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/flag#history> staff infront of the Siva <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/shiva#history> temple <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/temple#history> at Cennamangalam, Triccur District :— *śrīmān dussādya gaṃgāplavavimalamatiḥ pāliyaśodvijandraiḥ* * ketustambhaṃ vidhāyaddhruvamanudivasārambhākliptapratiṣṭhaḥ* *dattadravya?[Ī]ddhasamyakkalitajanamudavyājanavyālayasthaṃ* * bhūyāśliṣṭāṣṭabandhaṃ śivamakṛta cadurthābhiṣekātituṣṭam ||* It records that the Paliyasa (Minister of Cochin) got a flag -staff erected by the brahmins <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/brahmin#history> in the Siva temple, in the kollam era 978 (1803 AD) It further records that an astabandha was also done to the lord by the Brahmins. The ruler of Kochin then was king <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/king#history> Ramavarma Sakthan Tampuran (1790 -1805 AD) ------------------------------------ Ramavarman inscription (Thrippunithura, 1805 AD) Historical details from Sanskrit Inscriptions 8 This inscritption in four verses is engraved in the Santhanagopalaswami temple <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/temple#history> at Thrippunithura:— *lakṣmīgramavaratsanāmaguṇinā śrīrāmavarmābhidhānenā* * ryaprabhuṇā mukundakaruṇāsañceditenāntikam |* *saṃsatkalpitadhanyajanyadhikṛti pūrṇatrayīmaṃgalakṣetraṃ* * kṛṣṇaśilānibaddhamakarot śrīnīlakaṇṭhaḥ kṛtī ||* *uṣṇāluvanniyatamambujamālabhārī* * śītāluvajvalitadīpamahaḥ parītaḥ |* *āmāmayātukhadambuniṣekaśūnyaḥ* * pūrṇatrayīvasatirastu mude mukundaḥ ||* *śeṣasinaṃ yayāce daśaśataśirasaṃ kāraṇāmbhasthamīśaṃ* * yatkaunteyopamityaṃ svayamatimahatābhaktivittena pūrvam |* *pūrṇatrayyālaye sthapitamavatu kurukṣmālalāme* * punastajyotirbhadrāsanāhipravara phaṇamaṇichatracitrojvalaṃ vaḥ |* *sampatandehajālāni kadācidiha..... hi |* *brāhmaṇyaṃ labhate martyaḥ kave'tra paripālaya ||* It records the renovation works of the temple in stone. It was done by king <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/king#history> Ramavarma of Kochin. It is mentioned here that people who happen to be here in the presence of the lord of this temple would get Brahmanya <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/brahma%E1%B9%87ya#history>. The king referred to in this inscription might be Ramavarma of Kochin (1790 -1805 AD) who was a person of extra ordinary ability, and was no in history as Saktan Tampuran. Special attention was bestowed by him on the repair and renovation of temples <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/temple#history>. Six Sanskrit <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/sanskrit#history> inscriptions are available in the Kozhikode region. These inscriptions are dealt with the names of Virakerala Rajendra (Killikkurissimangalam), Samutiris (Peruvanam and Guruvayoor), Ravivira (Trissur), Sreedharan Thiruvalathur and kerala <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/kerala#history> Bhusanam ( Nellur <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/nellur#history>) ---------------------------------------------- Virakerala Rajendra inscription (Killikkurissimangalam, 1752 AD) Historical details from Sanskrit Inscriptions 9 *sarvaśāstrārthasampannaḥ kalitānandasāndradhīḥ |* *vīrakeralarājendro jīrṇamatroddhārayat ||* This is inscribed on the west wall <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/wall#history> of the rampart of the Tekkumangalam Siva <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/shiva#history> temple <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/temple#history>, Killikkurissimangalam, Trissur. It records the renovation of the temple by Virakerala Rajendra in the kollam era (927 -1757 AD) who might have been a chieftain. ----------------------------- Zamorin inscription (Peruvanam, 1758 AD) Historical details from Sanskrit Inscriptions 10 *śailābdhīśvarasodaro narapatiddharmāvane loladhīḥ* * kolambe gata eva bhūsuravaraiḥ pūrṇe mahākānane* *jīrṇaṃ māṭamaheśamandiravaraṃ navyaṃ cakārātmanaḥ* * svargārohaṇakarmanirmita mahāsopānamatyunnatam ||* This inscritpion[1] <https://www.wisdomlib.org/history/essay/sanskrit-sources-of-kerala-history/d/doc1239651.html#note-e-243691> in a single verse is found on a stone slab lying beside the central shrine <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/shrine#history> of the Madamahesa temple <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/temple#history> at Peruvanam, Trisur district. It records the renovation work of the dilapidated temple by the king <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/king#history> Sailabdhisvara of Calicut (Zamorin) in the kollam year 933 (AD 1758) This inscription provides information about the influence of the Zamorin over that area, which was with in the Kochin territory. ------------------------------------- Zamorin inscription (Guruvayoor, 1838 AD) Historical details from Sanskrit Inscriptions 11 *bhūpālairvetajādyaiḥ kalimalarahitairāsthitānpuṇyalokānā* * roḍhuṃ niṣprayāsaṃ nijasukṛtajitāndivyasopānamārgam* *tuṃṅgaṃ hannetraramyaṃ gurupavanapureśāgrato* * gopurāgravyājenādhokṣajāṃghau kṛtamatikarot śailavārānnidhīśaḥ ||* This is inscribed on the east Gopura <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/gopura#history> (Tower) of the Srikrsna temple <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/temple#history> at Guruvayoor, Trissur District[1] <https://www.wisdomlib.org/history/essay/sanskrit-sources-of-kerala-history/d/doc1239652.html#note-e-243693>. It records the construction of steps, by the king <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/king#history> of Calicut, in the Kollam year 1016 (1841 AD). -------------------------------------- Ravivira inscription, Vadakkunnathan Thrissur (Dated AD 1559) Historical details from Sanskrit Inscriptions 12 *śrīmūlasthanamidaṃ śivapuranāthasya* *kalitamupalavaraiḥ sitaśailabhūmipatinā* *ravivīrākhyena dhanyena |* The first one is a note on the painting <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/painting#history> on the wall <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/wall#history> of the central shrine <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/shrine#history> of the Vadakkunnatha (Vadakkunnathan) temple <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/temple#history> at Trissur[1] <https://www.wisdomlib.org/history/essay/sanskrit-sources-of-kerala-history/d/doc1239653.html#note-e-243694>. It records that these writings <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/writing#history> were repainted by about 1731 AD. The second inscription is on the base of the platform in the same temple. It records the construction of the platform by king <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/king#history> Ravivarma of Kunnalanatu (Calicut) ------------------------------------ Keralabhooshanam Inscription (Nellur) Historical details from Sanskrit Inscriptions 13 *śrīmatkeralabhūṣaṇamiti khyātasya pṛthvīpate* * vyāmuktaśravaṇojvalasya mahato jaitrāsu yātrāsu ca |* *nissāṇoddhata bhīmanādamaśanimmatvā* * mahābhogina?[ṭ]śrīmanto'sya vipakṣarājabhujagā bhītya vināśaṃ gatāḥ ||* This inscription[1] <https://www.wisdomlib.org/history/essay/sanskrit-sources-of-kerala-history/d/doc1239654.html#note-e-243695> is found in Calicut. Three verses on a broken piece of stone slab in the Siva <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/shiva#history> temple <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/temple#history>, Nellur <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/nellur#history>, Calicut. It praises the king <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/king#history> of Calicut during the triumphant march of the prosperous king renowned as Keralabhusanam [Keralabhooshanam], the serpant like enemies are frightened away by the terrible sound like the thunder bolt. ------------------------------------ Sridhara of Suresvara family inscription (Thiruvalathur) Historical details from Sanskrit Inscriptions 13 One Sreedhara of Suresvara family <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/family#history> renovated the Devi <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/devi#history> temple <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/temple#history> which had been burnt <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/burning#history> down. This is inscribed on the south wall <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/wall#history> of the Bhagavati <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/bhagavati#history> temple, Tiruvalathur [Thiruvalathur], Palakkad <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/palakkad#history>:— { KR In the entire evidences of the Kerala History th only evidence seen of a Bhagavathy temple is that of Palakkad only and none else} *śrīdharāmṛtakarmaśrī* *śrīsureśvarānvayodbhavaḥ* *vahni* <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/vahni#history>* dagdhaṃ * *pūraṃ* <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/pura#history>* devyāḥ* *yathāpūrvamakārayat ||* It is notable that all the Sanskrit <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/sanskrit#history> stone inscriptions of Kerala <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/kerala#history> are found in temples <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/temple#history>. Most of them contain facts related to the temples, such as renovation of certain portions installing <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/installing#history> the flag <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/flag#history> staff, altar, dome of the temple etc. Gifts to the temples are also mentioned in certain inscriptions. Priests, kings <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/king#history>, nobles and such other important personalities are exclusively referred to in the inscriptions. The temple having Sanskrit inscriptions are mostly dedicated to lord Siva <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/shiva#history> and Visnu <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/vishnu#history>. Among them Siva temples are larger a number than Visnu temples. Most of these temples are situated in the earst while Tiruvitamkur [Tiruvitamkur] region. END OF PART 6 KERALA HISTORY 1824 2824 KR IRS ----------------------------------- -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Thatha_Patty" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to [email protected]. To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/thatha_patty/CAL5XZoocqAoMFXjNU%2B3xh3BtvHqfpgv98sgZ%3DzjSiUdRrUzCHw%40mail.gmail.com.
