SANSKRIT SOURCES OF THE KERALA HISTORY KR IRS Part 9 4824 5824 1.7. The Kings in Kerala Mahatmya - Historical details from Mahatmyas and Prashastis
According to *Kerala Mahatmya* <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/keralamahatmya#history> Parasurama himself was appointed as the first king <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/king#history> of Kerala <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/kerala#history> on the Makham day of the Kumbha <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/kumbha#history> Month at the banks of Bharathapuzha. *āvirbhūtā mahānadyāṃ gaṅgātripathagānadi* *mahite makhanakṣatre kumbhasaṃsthe divākare* * lagne karkaṭake divyauccaste ca caturgrahe* *bhṛguvāsarasaṃyukte bhārgavo hṛṣṭamānasaḥ* *brāhmaṇebhyo dadau tāvat koṭisahasrakam* *yatheṣṭañca dhanaṃ datvā sarvebhyo bhārgavastadā* *ratnakuṭṭimadhyasthe ratnasiṃhāsane **prabhuḥ* <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/prabhu#history> *sthitvātha prāṅmukhastatra sarvābharaṇabhūṣitaḥ || *(*Kerala **Mahatmya* <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/mahatmya#history> 71*, Slokas* 18-21) It is believed according to historical evidence that Atan was the first king of Kerala. Most scholars agree with this point. It is often held that Atan, the founder of the Chera Kingdom was the first king of Kerala. But this is not supported by our text which is based on traditions and legends. *Udaya* King Udaya <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/udaya#history> born of Subhangi, daughter of a Musaka <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/mushaka#history> king belonging to same vamsa <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/vamsha#history> (Lunar Line <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/line#history>) ruling over Nandi <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/nandi#history> gram. *He was installed on the **throne* <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/throne#history>* with the blessings of **Siva* <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/shiva#history>* at * *Gopura* <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/gopura#history>* (tower) of Taliparamba **Temple* <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/temple#history>. After the coronation ceremony, he was accorded a grant reception by the people of that village <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/village#history>. Then the king worshiped and praised goddess Kali <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/kali#history> for helping him. He ruled over the country according to the rules <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/rules#history> and regulations of Parasurama. By chance king daya met with a Samanda king named Ambohala who belonged to the Lunar Line. Long before Ambohala had seen the king of Chingapuram and violating the dictates of Parasurama. So the aged ordered him to get out of the country. But the king threatened to fight <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/fight#history> with the sage who informed king Udaya of this. For long Parasurama’s instructions Udaya killed <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/killing#history> Ambohala and annexed his territories to his own kingdom and to possession of all his wealth. *Nasanga* In *Kerala Mahatmya* Nasanga appears as the son of a Budhist women, Mali who lived with sage Durvasa on condition that he would give a country and prosperity <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/prosperity#history> of 8 kings <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/king#history> to her son. When the child was born it was interchanged with the limbless child of Bhangi, the daughter-in-law of Kulasekhara, by the tricks of sage Durvasa. So the son of Mali was braught up in the royal palace in the Kulasekhara and he was installed on the throne when he became a youth. After the coronation he went to the nearby temple of Kali and then he heard an announcement <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/announcement#history>, don’t come near to praise me. On account <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/account#history> of this announcement he was known by the name Nasanga. Nasanga became furious and he established several Budhistic shrines <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/shrine#history> and cities all over country. He himself became the Head of the budhist. Further he abandoned all the custom of Parasurama and distributed Budhistic symbols to all. Thus Nasanga ruled over Kerala as Budhist king for nearly 35 years and he was the 12th king of Kerala, according to the text. But nothing is said in the poem <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/poem#history> about the geneology and the exact period of King Nasanga. However, the story of this king is legendary and closely related to the myth about Parasurama. He is not at all considered to be the founder of Budhism in Kerala. The only authentic clue to the Budhistic deeds in Kerala is the rock-cut evidence of Ashoka <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/ashoka#history>. So it is not historically correct to hold that this king was the founder of Budhism. His city is known by the name Angavrdhipuri. There is a legend closely connected with this city. While Nasanga was ruling over Ezhimala he happened to fight with Parasurama. Then Parasurama cut off his arms owing to a misunderstanding that the king prevented a Hindu festival at Kottiyur temple. But by the blessings of this sage Durvasa he reagined his arms. At the place where this incident to place, Durvasa constructed a city which came to be known as Angavrdhipuri on account of the restoration of Nasanga’s arms. Some writers observe that the name Nasanga refers to (christian) Nasrani which is derived from the Arab synonym ‘Nasar’ meaing Garuda <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/garuda#history>, the vehicle of the Lord Vishnu <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/vishnu#history>. The approximate date of the king is given as 657 -671 AD *Pandya (Bhutapandya)* *Kerala Mahatmya* reveals that Pandya <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/pandya#history> attacked <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/attacked#history> the Malayalam region with his Bhuta <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/bhuta#history> army and established cities and temple called Bhutanatha. Then Adithyavarma defeated Pandya in accordance with the instruction of Parasurama and the place Bhuthapandi was declared as the boundary of Kerala. The place in which Bhutapandya built a temple was called Janthupuri. That place is now called Trccandur in the Thirunelveli district. The famous Subrahmania Temple is situated there. *Keralan (Kerala Perumal)* Keralan was also known as ‘Dirghayatra Cheran’ or ‘Atkotpat Cheral Atan or Janameni’. The famous Trkkakara Temple at Kochin was established by Keralan in 604 AD[9] <https://www.wisdomlib.org/history/essay/sanskrit-sources-of-kerala-history/d/doc1239663.html#note-e-243723>. The royal residence of the Chera Rulers was shifted from Chennamangalam and Kottapuram in Vanci <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/vanci#history> to Trkanamatilakam during his period. While somebody was stealing <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/stealing#history> and carrying away domestic animals <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/animal#history> from Kerala to Nilagiri, he rescued the animals and thus gained the title Atkotpat Cheral Atan. He attacked and conquered several kingdoms upto Nittumala. This perumal was anointed on the day of Puyam in the month of Kumbham in the year when the planet Jupitar was in the constellation of the crab, ie. he was anointed after one of the Tirunavaya Mahamagham festival and the ceremony was performed in the royal hall of Vakayur. It is said that he reigned for 12 years and retured to his own country, and on account of his good qualities the land received the name Kerala. THE PLD WARFARE DECLARATION IS STEALING THE COWHERDS WHICH WILL REGISTER A WAR-KR} *Kulasekhara** {KR Later an AZHWAR}* The name Kulasekhara mentioned in *Kerala Mahatmya* might refer to Kulasekhara of Kolathiri dynasty. He was the ruler of the entire country of Kerala. The brahmins <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/brahmin#history> of Kerala brought a ksatriya <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/kshatriya#history> princes from Kongamandala. A brahmin <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/brahmin#history> married her and a son was born. He was later raised to the throne and was called Kulasekhara Perumal. It is very difficult to fix the date of this Kulasekhara as also his identity Kulasekhara Alvar <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/alvar#history>, the author of ‘Mukundamala’[10] <https://www.wisdomlib.org/history/essay/sanskrit-sources-of-kerala-history/d/doc1239663.html#note-e-243724>, Kulasekhara Varman the royal dramastic of Kerala who performed the Kerala stage and several other Kulasekharas are there. More over the name Kulasekhara was used as the title by the kings of Kerala. Thus the problem is rather difficult to solve. But leagendary works identify Kulasekhara with Cheraman Perumal is also called Bhaskara <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/bhaskara#history> Ravivarman. *Valabha* The text mntions the king called Valabha or Mata <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/mata#history> perumal of the country named Vrddhipura. Gundert has suggested that Vridhipura is a Sanskritisation of Valarpattanam. The work also reffers to a gift of land executed by Valabha. This ruler is supposed to have conquered the lakhdives in the Arabian sea. It was he who established the townships <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/township#history> at Valarpattanam and Matayikotta. According to legends Valabha belonged to the Kolathiri royal family <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/family#history> who succeeded the Musika kings of Ezhimala region. *Kerala Mahatmya* seems to call Valarpattana as Angavrddhipuri. Accordingly Valabha was the ruler of the region. That valabha was a great ruler is established by the several leagendary accounts <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/account#history> about him. He established towns, temples <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/temple#history> and other institutions and ruled over the country in a righteous manner. *Other Kings* In addition to these rulers the work also refers to kings like Bhanuvikrama, Ranavikrama and Balavira. All of them are the successors of Kulasekhara of Mahodayapuram. They are referred to in other leagendary in Kerala also.: :*tasthau yathāsukhaṃ **rāma* <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/rama#history>* udayārpitabhūbharaḥ* *ambohalastu **sāmantaḥ* <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/samanta#history> * keścitsomakulotbhavaḥ* (*Kerala Mahatmya* -55-Sl 58) :*pañcatriṃśacca varṣāṇi śaśāsākhilakeralaṃ* *nasaṅgo dvādaśo rājā pāṇḍusūnomahāmate |* (*Kerala Mahatmya* 60, Sl 16) :*vaivasvatamanauprāptekalau keralabhūmiṣu* *rājābhūtsaptaśailetha nasaṅgo bauddhavaṃśajaḥ * ................................. *krameṇāṅga vivṛdhyātha rājabhūt punarapyam |* (*Kerala Mahatmya* -61- *Slokas* 1-5) :A. Balakrishna Pillai -Prachina Kerala Charithra Gaveshanam, 1957 TVM, P-77 -78 ------------------------------------ 1.8. Mamankam Festival - Historical details from Mahatmyas and Prashastis *Kerala Mahatmya* <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/keralamahatmya#history> contains reference to the famous festival Mamankam. The Mahamaghamagham festival appears to be celeberated at present not only in Kumbhakonam <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/kumbakonam#history> in South India <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/india#history>, but also in Haridwar, Prayag, Nasik <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/nasik#history> and Ujjain <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/ujjain#history> in North India in the Mahamagha <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/maha-magha#history> year, in the month Magha (January-February), on the day of the full moon in the 10 asterism Magha. *māghayuktā paurṇamāsī māghī; māse tu **yatra* <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/yatra#history>* sā* *nāmnā sa māghaḥ; pauṣādyāścaivamekādaśāpare ||* According to *Kerala* <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/kerala#history> *Mahatmya* <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/mahatmya#history> Parasurama himself the creator and the first king <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/king#history> of Kerala ruled over the land with Navayogipuram (‘Tirunavay’) on the bank of Brhannadi (Nila <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/nila#history>, Bharatapuzha) as his capital. The 21 Samanta <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/samanta#history> Kings <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/king#history> (Perumals) who succeeded him were also installed at the same place at the Mahamagham Festival. *Kerala Mahatmya* seems to indicate some of the details about the position of the planets on the Mahamagham day. The work has some importance as a source book of Kerala History. It throws some light on various historical topics such as the settlement of brahmins <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/brahmin#history> in Kerala, their naturalisation as Nambutiri brahmins, introduction of customs and manners, the formation of 64 villages <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/village#history>, rural administration, administration of temples <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/temple#history> and religious institutions, festivals of national and regional importance, royal dynasties etc. To a student of sociology also the work gives much historical data in grab of legend. It is true that too much importance should not be attached to legendary accounts <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/account#history> and traditional stories. But in the absence of real historical material one has to depend on the information supplied by the work like *Kerala Mahatmya.* One cannot dismiss the whole of the work as baseless. There are some historical truths which can be verified with reference inscriptional sources. Thus the work is of real relevance to historian of Kerala. It has atleast reserved to prosperity <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/prosperity#history> various floating traditional accounts and stories of persons and institutions. As a source of regional history also the work deserves serious study <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/study#history>. The name of regional localities are often Sanskritised, especially when referring to temples. Most of the temples mentioned in the work are referred to several message poems <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/poem#history> produced in Kerala. In this regard the present work *Kerala Mahatmya* becomes useful --------------------------------- 2. Kerala-kshetra-mahatmyam - Historical details from Mahatmyas and Prashastis The Kerala <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/kerala#history> Kshetra <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/kshetra#history> Mahatmya <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/mahatmya#history>, wrongly attributed to Vilvamangalam. The date of the work is later than the 17th century AD. This Mahatmya describe in the various temples <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/temple#history> of Kerala.{KR The idea would give how so many, temples are not in the list like many Bhagavathy and Ayyappa temple; many Bhagavathi temples now named differently belonged to the Namboodris as family deity in their home which turned out later to be magnanimous temples; hence lack the history of temple only in such cases; even today TALI PARAMBA SIVE IS FOUND} } The work refers the river at Thirunavay in the list of Tirthas or Holy waters in Kerala. नादी नादाश्च पापघ्नः केरल विशेषता नगरीय लक्षणों के तन ब्रवीमि समासताः वृहिमुखनादि पुण्य भारतीय चाय शुभ नदी प्रतिष्ठितः इति न ज्ञायते तथा वरामखि नादि | *nadī* <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/nadi#history>* nadāśca pāpaghnāḥ* *keraleṣu viśeṣataḥ* *nagarābdhiviśeṣā ye* *tān bravīmi samāsataḥ* *vrīhimukhanadī puṇyā* *bhāratī* <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/bharati#history>* ca śubhā nadī* *nāvānadī puṇyatamā* *tathā varamukhī nadī |* The third chapter of this work deals at length, with the river Nila <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/nila#history> or Bharatapuzha, which flows throw, Thirunavay, and with the temple <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/temple#history> of Brahma <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/brahma#history>, Vishnu <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/vishnu#history>, and Siva <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/shiva#history> there. (kr: Ayyappa is not mentioned) निलानदी पुण्यतम सेयं कल्याणदायिनी | त्रिमूर्तिनां मध्यभागः वाहिनी पुण्यवर्धिनी, ९. गङ्गासमानोदका च स्नानामत्रेण पावणी भरतख्य नदि सेयम् नित्यं पश्चिमावाहिनी यात्रा स्नान्त्यमर नित्यम् शुद्धये शुद्धवर्चसः *nilānadī puṇyatamā* *seyaṃ kalyāṇadāyinī |* *trimūrtināṃ madhyabhāga* *vāhinī puṇyavardhinī*, *gaṅgāsamānodakā ca* *snānamātreṇa pāvanī* *bhāratākhyā nadī **seyaṃ* <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/seya#history> *nityaṃ* <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/nitya#history> * paścimavāhinī* *yatra* <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/yatra#history>* snāntyamarā nityaṃ* *śuddhaye śuddhavarcasaḥ* At Thirunavay the river Nila, equal to the Gangas <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/ganga#history> in Sanctity, flows between Vishnu on its northern bank, and Brahma and Siva on the southern bank. Even the holy Devas <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/deva#history> come and bathe in the river in order to purify themselves. प्रतिष्ठा ब्राह्मणो भूमौ दुर्लभ नात्र संसायः अत्र त्रयाणाम् भवति प्रतिष्ठा चातिपावनी अत्यत्भूतमिदं मन्ये त्रिमूर्तिनां सहसनम् || *pratiṣṭhā* <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/pratishtha#history>* brāhmaṇo bhūmau* *durlabhā* <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/durlabha#history>* nātra saṃśayaḥ* *atra trayāṇāṃ bhavati* *pratiṣṭhā cātipāvanī* *atyatbhutamidaṃ manye* *trimūrtināṃ sahāsanam ||* Brahma temples, are very rare in the world, and it is a great wonder that all the gods of the Hindu traid reside close to one another in Tirunavay. ------------------------------------------------------- 3. Sri-Vallabha-kshetra-mahatmyam : Chapter 2 - Historical details from Mahatmyas and Prashastis <https://www.wisdomlib.org/history/essay/sanskrit-sources-of-kerala-history/d/doc1239656.html> The Sri-Vallabha <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/shrivallabha#history> -kshetra <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/kshetra#history>-mahatmyam is a Sanskrit <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/sanskrit#history> metrical account <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/account#history> of the origin of the Maha <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/maha#history> Vishnu <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/vishnu#history> temple <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/temple#history> in Thiruvalla, comprising 244 slokas in four chapters, in the form of a dialogue between Suta <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/suta#history> and Saunaka. There is a reference the river Nila <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/nila#history> with the temples <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/temple#history> of Tirunavay and Tiruvilvamala to the north and south of it. Five Yojanas <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/yojana#history> to the south of that river there is the celebrated Siva <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/shiva#history> temple of Rushabhadri (Trichur in Cochin). Thirty Yojanas to the south of it is a grama <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/grama#history> (or Brahmin <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/brahmin#history> village <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/village#history>) called Thiruvalla. Mahatmya <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/mahatmya#history> refers the grama is also known as Chakrapuram. *Legendary History about Thiruvalla and Sri-vallabha Kshetram* There is a legendary narrated in this Mahatmya in four chapters. In that village lived a very devout Namboothiri widow. She had no children, and so she was regularly observed fast on all Ekadasi days and entertaining Brahmins <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/brahmin#history> on the following morning with one half of the food <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/food#history> offered by her to Vishnu. But the inhabitants of Tiruvalla (Thiruvalla) fled from the place one by one out of dread of the Asura <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/asura#history> Toliya, and finally no Brahmin came one day to be entertained by the venerable widow of Sankaramangalam. She was extremely sorry. Immediately Vishnu himself appeared as her guest in the form of young Nambudiri, who gave cut his name as Vasudeva <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/vasudeva#history>. In spite of the lady’s remonstrances he went to bathe in the Vishaghana river (Manimala River) close by and encountered Toliya in that river. In the struggle that ensued Toliya was worsted and he dived down into the depths of it followed by the discus of Vishnu, who then returned to the lady’s house <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/house#history> after having made Brahma <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/brahma#history> offer Pushpanjali (worship with flowers) to the great Linga <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/linga#history> set up by Toliya on the bank of the river and regularly worshipped by him. The devout lady set before the young Vasudevan Namburi food offered by her that morning to Vishnu. Immediately the Rishi <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/rishi#history> Durvasas and four of his disciples appeared before the guest, who divided the food among the new Brahmin guests without tasting it himself. Lakshmi herself appeared before the five guests and served amlam (sour curry called truppuli in Malayalam) prepared by her. The poor <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/pur#history> widow stood aghast for a moment and enquired of the young man <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/young-men#history> who he really was. “Neither father nor mother have I”, said the wonderful youth, “nor do I belong to any particular place. Everything is possible for me; what can I do for you?” “Be my son” was the lady’s request, and young Vasudeva agreed. She then fell on the ground saying, “Vasudevatvamevadya gaith”, and was absorbed into Vishnu’s from. Toliya and the discus of Visnu <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/vishnu#history> fought in the depths of the Vishaghana river and in his despair he devoured the weapon <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/weapon#history>, which immediately made short work of him and returned to the young Vasudeva’s hand. Having regard to all the miracles that took place there, Durvasas entreated Vasudeva to stay in Tiruvalla itself. Vishnu consented, saying “I am bound to stay here as I have already become the Sankaramangalam ady’s son.” “There is an image of mine”, he added “made by Visvakarma <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/vishvakarma#history> for Satyaki Since the time of Satyaki’s death <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/death#history> Garuda <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/garuda#history> has been keeping it safe in the depths of a river. Bring that image by the agency of Brahmins and set it up here. Give half the food offered to me to the Brahmins, and you yourself put everything in order here, Vishnu then commanded his Sudarsana <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/sudarshana#history> discus to remain there, facing the west, to guard his temple, and set it up in Mallikavana. Immediately he disappeared from the presence of Durvasas. The grama was thence-forward known as Chakrapuram. One night Garuda appeared to her as a Brahmin at the instance of Durvasas and asked her to request her husband to set up in Chakrapuram the image of Vishnu that some Brahmins would bring to the palace the following day from Prabhasa tirtha <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/prabhasatirtha#history> (holy water) where Garuda had been keeping it safe. The very same night Garuda in the form of an ascetic asked the Brahmins of the Tulu <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/tulu#history> country one by one in a dream to take to Kulasekhara the following day the image of Vishnu treasured in the depth called Bhadra <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/bhadra#history> in the river Netravati. Next morning the Tulu Brahmins dived for the image but failed to discover it until at last Garuda himself in the guise of an aged Brahmin came and lifted up the image in no time from the depth of the river. The Tulus <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/tulu#history> were wonderstruck and recognising him to be none other than Garuda himself resolved to set up his image also in Chakrapuram close to Vishnu’s. The vast riches of the widow of Sankaramangalam was set apart for the performance <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/performance#history> of special puja <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/puja#history> to Vishnu on Dvadasi days. After having arranged all these and given munificent gifts of land for the daily, monthly and yearly pujas <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/puja#history> of the god. King <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/king#history> Kulasekhara returned with his wife Vallabha <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/vallabha#history> to his own city. Chakrapuram thereafter came to be known as Sri Vallabha <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/shrivallabha#history> Grama because Sri Vallabha (Lakshmi’s husband) took up his abode there. List of various kinds of offerings to be given to the god to please him and to acquire merit. Quotes the instance of the wicked Brahmin Durdama who was received into Vishnu’s heaven <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/heaven#history> because he called his wife Vallabhe (O my darling) at the last moment (and this chance to utter a portion of the name Sri-Vallabha of the god of Thiruvalla temple). There is a reference to the king Kulasekhara and his queen <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/queen#history> Vallabha. Who set up the image in Tiruvalla. According to T.K. Joseph the reference king Kulasekhara, like Cheraman Perumal, is not a proper name. We do not know whether the proper name of the Chera king who set up the image in Thiruvalla was Vira <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/vira#history> kerala <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/kerala#history> as recorded. That is believed to have been the name of the first Perumal or Chera king, and the kings <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/king#history> of Cochin who claims to be the direct descendants of that Perumal use it even now as part of their title Gangadhara vira kerala, Tirukoviladhikarikal. It may be that tradition, which generally makes a mess of ancient events and celebrities, assigned the setting up of the image to the very first perumal from whom Kerala is said to have derived its name. He and his counsellors set off without delay along with loads of money <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/money#history> on pack oxen and caused the image to be set up in Chakrapuram by the Tulu Brahmins whom he declare to be noble and appointed Pujaris <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/pujari#history> of the image. The kings of his line <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/line#history> were made the protectors of the temple and the Brahmins of the locality were appointed trustees. ---------------------------------------- K RAJARAM IRS PART 9 TO BE CONTD 4824 5824 -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Thatha_Patty" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to [email protected]. To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/thatha_patty/CAL5XZoqTouWfOySHPPbYOveySHB9dMkj3R%3DUrNzO881J-V99bA%40mail.gmail.com.
