I understand the roudram sir. Yes , no where in Vedic mantras or 4 vedas
anywhere ; in all upanishads anywhere; in epics anywhere, including
anusasana parva (even after the war ladies followed vanaprastha together
and never said ladies did all those) ; nowhere in B G ; nowhere in nirukta;
nowhere in Manu; there is any such mention of procedures; sati was opted by
kshatriyas on own volition . Re marriage is advocated in vedas. Duties of
women, men, husband and wife strictly designed in Manu. Even removal of
tali is purely a ritual. Other film TV serial shows are not administered
anywhere. All in 200 years, our men designed and enforced; acceptance or
otherwise ladies have their individual rights; but ladies are the enemies
of the ladies.  But making fun of that by miscreants in the media I
personally dislike. At the same time, one sastrigal was describing that,
defending those acts as," in those days widowhood was at a very young age
and so to protect women going astray, it became necessary": It is not a
right argument because there are no such restrictions for men. And almost
every Mutt including Kanchi (maha Periyava did this) will not give
theertham to non madisar hairy widows. My grandma simply removed her tail
on that day and placed it in Milk; my mother also did the same. But Kanchi
mutt changed after Maha Periyava. It hurts. But any ritual is purely
optional; if done, do it as directed and do not cut short it; but no one
can cross fire in an individual process either way. B G itself says minor
acts and worshipping demigods  will not make anyone attain moksha directly.
They are all movements to become ripe. I shall write  in these columns
itself KR IRS 27824 28824

On Tue, 27 Aug 2024 at 20:41, Madras Sivaraman <[email protected]>
wrote:

> Sorry to be harsh.
> Then why are they not given prominence and why their works are not
> published.If Brahmins had so much reverence for women why did they ask
> young widows to shave their heads and die a lonely death.Was it not
> beastly?cruel and against the belief that woman represent Shakti.They were
> given a secondary and ghastly space in life and society IN PRACTICE AGAINST
> THE DHARMA CONTAINED IN THE SCRIPTURES THAT THEY ARE DEVIS.
>
> Are we charlatans? Sorry to be harsh
>
> On Wed, 28 Aug, 2024, 06:11 Rajaram Krishnamurthy, <[email protected]>
> wrote:
>
>> THE RISHIKAS WOMEN RISHIS BRAHMAVADINIS PART 1 KR IRS
>>
>> 27824 28824
>>
>> Knowledge is held sacred in Hinduism, which is why it is still called the
>> Sanatana Dharma, the Eternal Truth; and truth comes from seeking knowledge,
>> and these were imparted by the Rishis, also called the Gurus. There is a
>> wrong impression that men dominate the Hindu spiritual spectrum, however,
>> the Vedic scriptures speak otherwise. Since the Vedic age, Hinduism has
>> considered women as equals to men. Scriptures such as Devi Bhagavata have
>> even placed feminine power above masculine power.
>>
>> The Rig Veda is the only scripture in which the Divine Truths are
>> revealed to women sages and in which hymns describing these revelations
>> like those by the woman sage Vak Ambrini find a prominent place in the Rig
>> Veda Samhita . There are more than thirty women sages in Rig Veda with
>> specific hymns associated with them.
>>
>>  There are numerous hymns in the Rig Veda indicating the high status
>> given to women in Vedic society. The Rig Veda states that the lady should
>> she choose her husband and the marriage hymn states that the
>> daughter-in-law should be treated as a queen, samrajni, by all the family
>> members especially the mother-in-law, husband, and father-in-law. The bride
>> was exhorted to address the assembly:
>>
>> 10.85.26: . . . . Become the household mistress; Ruler of the home, you
>> will address the religious assembly.
>>
>> To be asked to address the assembly was regarded as an honor by most
>> sages.
>>
>>  Women Rishis
>>
>> The Rig Veda mentions Romasa, Lopamudra, Apala, Kadru, Visvavara, Ghosha,
>> Juhu, Vagambhrini, Paulomi, Yami, Indrani, Savitri, and Devajami. The Sama
>> Veda adds Nodha, Akrishtabhasha, Sikatanivavari and Gaupayana. When it
>> comes to talking about significant female figures of the Vedic period
>> Ghosha, Lopamudra, Sulabha Maitreyi, Gargi Kakshivati, Dakshina
>> Prajapathya, Vishvavar, Atreyi, Godha, Apala, Yami Vivasvathi, Lopamudra,
>> Romasha Svanya, Aditi Dakshayeni, Ratri Bharadwaja, Vasukra Pathni, Surya
>> Savitri, Indrani, Sarma Devasuni, Urvashi, Shashwati, Angirasi, Sri Laksha
>>
>> Female Rishis (Rishikas) about 30 of them are named in the Rig Veda:
>>
>>
>>
>> Lopamudra was the wife of Agasthya, known for his command over Sanskrit
>> and Tamil. The meaning of the word “Lopamudhra “ is one, who is absorbed in
>> herself (i-e)., she is one of the Brahmavadhini Rshi-patnis. Two mantras of
>> the Rig Vedam (Canto I.179.1–2) are attributed to her.
>>
>>  There were women scholars like Visvavara, Ghosha, Sikata, Nivavari and
>> Apala. Roamasa the wife of Svanya Visvavara belonging to the Athri family
>> AangirasI Sarasvathi of the Angirasa family Apala of the Athri family Yami
>> Vaivasvathi, Sraddha, Vasukra Pathni, Ghosha, Soorya, Indrani, Urvasi,
>> Sarama, Joohu, Vagambhruni and Poulomi Sachi are well-known women, who are
>> revered and are associated with individual Rig Veda Manthras. The seers of
>> Rigveda’s suktas 10–134, 10–39,10–40, 10–91,
>> 10–95,10–107,10–109,10–154,10–159,10–189. etc. are women.
>>
>> Gargi was one of the learned persons summoned by King Janaka. The
>> Upanishads refer to the conversation between Maitreyi and her husband
>> Yajnavalkaya. Brahma Jnana can be attained in any stage: Gargi got it in
>> the BRAHMACHARYA stage. Choodaala achieved it during a GRIHASTHA. Maitreyi
>> earned it while in the VANAPRASTHA stage of life. Sulabhayogini won it
>> while a SANYASINI.
>>
>> Ghosha Vedic wisdom is encapsulated in myriad hymns and 27 women-seers
>> emerge from them. But most of them are mere abstractions except for a few,
>> such as Ghosha, who has a definite human form. Granddaughter of Dirghatamas
>> and daughter of Kakshivat, both composers of hymns in praise of Ashwins,
>> Ghosha has two entire hymns of the tenth book, each containing 14 verses,
>> assigned to her name. The first eulogizes the Ashwins, the heavenly twins
>> who are also physicians; the second is a personal wish expressing her
>> intimate feelings and desires for married life. Ghosha suffered from an
>> incurable disfiguring disease, probably leprosy, and remained a spinster at
>> her father’s house. Her imploration with the Ashwins and the devotion of
>> her forefathers towards them made them cure her disease and allow her to
>> experience wedded bliss.
>>
>>  Lopamudra The Rig Veda (‘Royal Knowledge’) has long conversations
>> between the sage Agasthya and his wife Lopamudra that testifies to the
>> remarkable intelligence and goodness of the latter. As the legend goes,
>> Lopamudra was created by sage Agasthya and was given as a daughter to the
>> King of Vidarbha. The royal couple gave her the best possible education and
>> brought her up amidst luxury. When she attained a marriageable age,
>> Agasthya, the sage who was under vows of celibacy and poverty, wanted to
>> own her. Lopa agreed to marry him and left her palace for Agasthya’s
>> heritage. After serving her husband faithfully for a long period, Lopa grew
>> tired of his austere practices. She wrote a hymn of two stanzas making an
>> impassioned plea for his attention and love. Soon afterwards, the sage
>> realized his duties towards his wife and performed his domestic and ascetic
>> life with equal zeal, reaching a wholeness of spiritual and physical
>> powers. A son was born to them. He was named Dridhasyu, he later became a
>> great poet.
>>
>>  Maitreyi The Rig Veda contains about one thousand hymns, of which about
>> 10 are accredited to Maitreyi, the woman seer and philosopher. She
>> contributed to enhancing her sage-husband Yajnavalkya’s personality and the
>> flowering of his spiritual thoughts. Yajnavalkya had two wives Maitreyi and
>> Katyayani. While Maitreyi was well versed in the Hindu scriptures and was a
>> ‘brahmavadini’, Katyayani was an ordinary woman. One day the sage decided
>> to make a settlement of his worldly possessions between his two wives and
>> renounce the world by taking up ascetic vows. He asked his wives their
>> wishes. The learned Maitreyi asked her husband if all the wealth in the
>> world would make her immortal. The sage replied that wealth could only make
>> one rich, nothing else. She then asked for the wealth of immortality.
>> Yajnavalkya was happy to hear this and imparted to Maitreyi the doctrine of
>> the soul and his knowledge of attaining immortality.
>>
>> Gargi Gargi, the Vedic prophetess and daughter of sage Vachaknu,
>> composed several hymns that questioned the origin of all existence. When
>> King Janak of Videha organized a ‘brahmayajna’, a philosophic congress
>> centred around the fire sacrament, Gargi was one of the eminent
>> participants. She challenged the sage Yajnavalkya with a volley of
>> perturbing questions on the soul or ‘atman’ that confounded the learned man
>> who had till then silenced many an eminent scholar.
>>
>> Her question — “The layer that is above the sky and below the earth,
>> which is described as being situated between the earth and the sky and
>> which is indicated as the symbol of the past, present and future, where is
>> that situated?” — flattened even the great Vedic men of letters.
>>
>> There is a saying in Manu Smruti. Where the women are worshipped, their
>> deities will dwell and there will be prosperity.
>>
>> Throughout the many years of pure Vedic culture, women have always been
>> given the highest level of respect and freedom, but also protection and
>> safety. The Women Rishis, though very few, contributed a lot to the cause
>> of society and Vedas.
>>
>>  Epithets for women in the Vedas
>>
>> It is interesting to note that while a woman’s primary function in Vedic
>> literature is portrayed as that of a wife, numerous terms and epithets that
>> are used to refer to women also imply several other elements of the
>> feminine form. Finding the precise meaning of these words is intriguing
>> because it helps to clarify the many roles that women play at home and in
>> society.
>>
>> For instance, the three words Jaya, Jani, and Patni are used to describe
>> a wife. The woman who bears one’s offspring is known as Jaya, the mother of
>> one’s children is known as Jani, and the co-partner in performing religious
>> responsibilities is known as Patni (ardhangini).
>>
>> Similarly, women are also designated as:
>>
>> •        Aditi
>>
>> because she is not dependent
>>
>> •        Aghnya
>>
>> for she is not to be hurt
>>
>> •        Brhati
>>
>> for she is large-hearted
>>
>> •        Chandra
>>
>> because she is happy
>>
>> •        Devakama
>>
>> since she is pious.
>>
>> •        Devi
>>
>> since she is divine
>>
>> •        Dhruva
>>
>> for she is firm
>>
>> •        Havya
>>
>> because she is worthy of invocation
>>
>> •        Ida
>>
>> for she is worshippable
>>
>> •        Jyota
>>
>> because she is illuminating: bright
>>
>> •        Kamya
>>
>> because she is lovable
>>
>> •        Kshama
>>
>> for she is tolerant, indulgent, and patient
>>
>> •        Mahi
>>
>> since she is great
>>
>> •        Mena
>>
>> because she deserves respect
>>
>> •        Nari
>>
>> for she is not averse to anyone
>>
>> •        Purandhih
>>
>> for she is munificent, liberal
>>
>> •        Ranta
>>
>> because she is lovely • rtavari
>>
>> rtachit, for she is the preserver, forester of truth
>>
>> •        Sanjaya
>>
>> since she is victorious
>>
>> •        Sarasvati
>>
>> since she is scholarly
>>
>> •        Simhi
>>
>> since she is courageous
>>
>> •        Shiva
>>
>> for she is benevolent
>>
>> •        Shivatama
>>
>> since she is the noblest
>>
>> •        Stri
>>
>> since she is modest
>>
>> •        Subhaga
>>
>> because she is fortunate
>>
>> •        Subhdha
>>
>> for she is knowledgeable]
>>
>> •        Sumangali
>>
>> since she is auspicious
>>
>> •        Susheva
>>
>> for she is pleasant
>>
>> •        Suvarcha
>>
>> since she is splendid
>>
>> •        Suyama
>>
>> since she is self-disciplined.
>>
>> •        Syona
>>
>> for she is noble
>>
>> •        Virini
>>
>> since she is the mother of brave sons
>>
>> •        Vishruta
>>
>> since she has learned
>>
>> •        Yashasvati
>>
>> for she is glorious
>>
>> •        Yosha
>>
>> because she is intermingled with a man, she is not separate
>>
>> Women rishis (rishika) in the Rig Veda Samhita
>>
>> (one or more mantras were revealed to each rshika)
>>
>> Verse Rishika
>>
>> 4.18 Aditi
>>
>> 10.72 Aditirdakshayani
>>
>> 8.91 Apala atreyi
>>
>> 10.86 Indrani
>>
>> 10.85 Urvashi
>>
>> 10.134 Godha
>>
>> 10.39, 10.40 Gosha Kakshivati
>>
>> 10.109 Juhurbramhajaya
>>
>> 10.184 Tvashta Garbhakarta
>>
>> 10.107 Dakshina Prajapatya
>>
>> 10.154 Yami
>>
>> 10.10 Yami Vaivasvati
>>
>> 10.127 Ratrirbharadvaji
>>
>> 1.171 Lopamudra
>>
>> 10.28 Vasukrapatni
>>
>> 10.125 Vagambhrni
>>
>> 5.28 Vishvavara Atreyi
>>
>> 8.1 Sashvatyangirasi
>>
>> 10.151 Shradhda Kamayani
>>
>> 10.159 Shachi Paulomi
>>
>> 10.189 Sarparajni
>>
>> 9.86 Sikata Nivavari
>>
>> 10.85 Surya Savitri
>>
>> 1.126 Romasha
>>
>> 10.108 Sarama Devashuni
>>
>> 9.104 Shikhandinyava Psarasau Kashyapan
>>
>> 10.142 Jarita Sharngah
>>
>> 8.71 Suditirangirasah
>>
>> 10.153 Indra Mataro
>>
>> (The list is not exhaustive)
>>
>> Post-Vedic Era, these were the women, who were famous for their spiritual
>> knowledge.
>>
>> The Unnamed Saint in King Janaka’s Court: There is a beautiful story of a
>> female saint, who suddenly appeared in the Vichar sabha (a place where
>> debates are held) of King Janaka and questioned Astabakra (son of Kahole)
>> and proved that he wasn’t Brahma Gyani. Then she briefly explained the
>> question posed and asked him to get caught by Janaka Raja (King Janaka) as
>> He too was Brahma Gyani like this unnamed female Saint. Thereafter she
>> disappeared in full view of the court.
>>
>>  Princess Hemalekha
>>
>> Princess Hemalekha (mentioned in Tripura Rahasya) was Guru to her husband
>> (Prince Hemachuda), her Mother-in-law and many others. She slowly and
>> beautifully takes her worldly husband on the path of Brahma Gyan. Such was
>> her power that in time the entire city was full of Brahma Gyanis, where
>> even the parrots spoke of renunciation and Gyan.
>>
>>  In recent times Sarada Devi, wife of Ramakrishna Paramhansa, was Guru
>> to many and is considered Divine Incarnate.
>>
>>  In 1861, Ramakrishna accepted Bhairavi Brahmani, an orange-robed,
>> middle-aged female ascetic, as a teacher. She carried with her the Raghuvir
>> Shila, a stone icon representing Ram and all Vaishnava deities. She was
>> thoroughly conversant with the texts of Gaudiya Vaishnavism and practised
>> Tantra. According to the Bhairavi, Ramakrishna was experiencing phenomena
>> that accompany maha bhava, the supreme attitude of loving devotion towards
>> the divine, and quoting from the bhakti shastras, she said that other
>> religious figures like Radha and Chaitanya had similar experiences.
>>
>> The Bhairavi initiated Ramakrishna into Tantra. Tantrism focuses on the
>> worship of Shakti and the object of Tantric training is to transcend the
>> barriers between the holy and unholy as a means of achieving liberation and
>> to see all aspects of the natural world as manifestations of the divine
>> Shakti. Under her guidance, Ramakrishna went through sixty-four major
>> tantric sadhanas which were completed in 1863. He began with mantra rituals
>> such as japa and purascarana and many other rituals designed to purify the
>> mind and establish self-control. He later proceeded towards tantric
>> sadhanas, which generally include a set of heterodox practices called
>> vamachara (left-hand path), which utilise as a means of liberation,
>> activities like eating of parched grain, fish and meat along with drinking
>> of wine and sexual intercourse. According to Ramakrishna and his
>> biographers, Ramakrishna did not directly participate in the last two of
>> those activities, all that he needed was a suggestion of them to produce
>> the desired result. Ramakrishna acknowledged the left-hand tantric path,
>> though it had “undesirable features”, as one of the “valid roads to
>> God-realization”, he consistently cautioned his devotees and disciples
>> against associating with it. The Bhairavi also taught Ramakrishna the
>> kumari-puja, a form of ritual in which the Virgin Goddess is worshipped
>> symbolically in the form of a young girl. Under the tutelage of the
>> Bhairavi, Ramakrishna also learnt Kundalini Yoga. The Bhairavi, with the
>> yogic techniques and the tantra, played an important part in the initial
>> spiritual development of Ramakrishna.
>>
>>  Avvaiyars
>>
>> The Avvaiyars (Tamil: ஔவையார்; ‘Respectable Women’) was the title of
>> more than one poet who was active during different periods of Tamil
>> literature. The Avvaiyar were some of the most famous and important female
>> poets of the Tamil canon. Abithana Chintamani states that there were three
>> female poets titled Avvaiyar.
>>
>> Among them, Avvaiyar lived during the Sangam period (c. 1st and 2nd
>> century CE) and had cordial relations with the Tamil chieftains Vēl Pāri
>> and Athiyamān. She wrote 59 poems in the Puṟanāṉūṟu. Avvaiyar II lived
>> during the period of Kambar and Ottakoothar during the reign of the Chola
>> dynasty in the 10th century. She is often imagined as an old and
>> intelligent lady by the Tamil people. She wrote many of the poems that
>> remain very popular even now and are inculcated in school textbooks in
>> Tamil Nadu. These books include a list of dos and don’ts, useful for daily
>> life, arranged in simple and short sentences.
>>
>> There is a very famous legend that is associated with Avvaiyar (Tamil:
>> ஔவையார்), a prominent female poet/ethicist/political activist of the
>> Sangam period (Tamil literature), and Naaval Pazham (Jambu) in Tamil Nadu.
>> Avvaiyar, believing to have achieved everything that is to be achieved, is
>> said to have been pondering her retirement from Tamil literary work while
>> resting under the Naaval Pazham tree. But she is met with and wittily
>> jousted by a disguised Murugan (regarded as one of the guardian deities of
>> the Tamil language), who later revealed himself and made her realise that
>> there was still a lot more to be done and learnt. Following this awakening,
>> Avvaiyar is believed to have undertaken a fresh set of literary works,
>> targeted at children. These works, even after a millennium, are often among
>> the very first literature that children are exposed to in Tamil Nadu
>> schools.
>>
>>  Ubhaya Bharati
>>
>> When Adi Sankara was proceeding on his Jaitra Yatra (victory march), the
>> great scholar Mandana Mishra in Mahishmati presently Mahishi. Sankara
>> entered into a scholarly debate with him. Ubhaya Bharati, the wife of
>> Mandana Mishra, was also a great scholar. She was well-versed in the
>> principles of Ritham, Sathyam, Mahattattwam, etc. It was decided that
>> Mandana Mishra would take to Sannyasa if he were to be defeated in the
>> debate. Sankara chose Ubhaya Bharati to be the adjudicator of the contest.
>> As the debate was in progress, she listened to the arguments and
>> counterarguments with utmost concentration. She was impartial in her
>> judgement and declared Sankara to be the winner. Being one of wisdom, she
>> did not feel dejected that her husband was defeated in the debate. Mandana
>> Mishra took to Sannyasa by the terms and conditions of the debate. Ubhaya
>> Bharathi, being his Ardhangi (better half), followed suit.
>>
>> Both husband and wife renounced the world and propagated the path of
>> wisdom. Human life has no value if one does not acquire wisdom. “To have
>> the vision of the effulgent light of Atma, you have to remove the soot of
>> ego covering your mind”. This was the teaching of Ubhaya Bharati. She was
>> living in a hermitage on the banks of the river Ganga, imparting spiritual
>> teachings to women. Many women had become her disciples. Every day in the
>> morning, they used to go to the Ganges to have a bath. On the way, there
>> lived a Sannyasi whom people called Brahma Jnani. Truly, he was a
>> renunciant and one of wisdom. However, he was very much attached to a small
>> earthen pot which he used to preserve water.
>>
>> One day, he was lying down using the pot as a pillow, lest somebody might
>> steal it. Ubhaya Bharati who was on her way to the Ganges with her
>> disciples observed this and remarked, “Though he is one of wisdom, there is
>> a small defect in him. He has renounced the world, but is attached to his
>> earthen pot which he is using as his pillow.” The Sanyasi overheard their
>> conversation and became angry. When Ubhaya Bharati and her disciples were
>> coming back from the Ganges, he threw away the pot on the road, just to
>> show that he was not attached to it. Seeing this, Ubhaya Bharati said, “I
>> thought there was only one defect in him -Abhimana (attachment). Now I
>> realise that he has another defect also — Ahamkara (ego). How can one with
>> Ahamkara and Abhimana be a Jnani (one of wisdom)?” It was an eye-opener for
>> the Sanyas. Ubhaya Bharati toured the length and breadth of the country
>> preaching and propagating the path of wisdom.
>>
>>  Sri Andal
>>
>> Tiruppavai is a sacred poem composed with utmost love and devotion By Sri
>> Andal at the young age of 15 years of age in praise of Lord Vishnu (also
>> known as Perumal, Sri Ranganath). These are 30 Stanzas known as Pasurams
>> that are written in Tamil (South Indian Language) and are also considered
>> as a part of the ‘Divya Prabandha’ (Holy Texts) compiled by the twelve
>> Alvars of Vaishnava (Followers of Vishnu).
>>
>> Tiruppavai is recited during the sacred month of Margashira (also known
>> as Marzazhi in Tamil), which is in the Auspicious month of Dhanur masa.
>> Dhanur masa is considered so Holy and sacred that during this month, no
>> Vydic Hindu marriages take place as everyone wants to devote all their
>> energy and time in the Holy name of the Lord Sriman Narayana.
>>
>> Andal is an 8th-century Tamil saint and one of the twelve Alwars (saints)
>> and the only woman Alwar of Vaishnavism. She wrote the great Tamil works of
>> Tiruppavai (30 verses) and Naacchiyaar Tirumozhi (143 verses). Andal is
>> known for her unwavering devotion to Lord Vishnu.
>>
>> Andal was discovered under a Tulasi plant in the temple garden of
>> Srivilliputtur, by Vishnuchitta who was one of the most revered saints in
>> Hinduism, Periyalwar. She was named Kodhai or Goda. As she grew, her love
>> and devotion for the Lord grew to the extent that she decided to marry none
>> but the Lord Himself. She started to live in a dream world with her beloved
>> Lord and was constantly fantasizing about marrying Him. Goda made flower
>> garlands for her beloved Lord at the temple. She started wearing the flower
>> garland which was meant to be offered to the Lord before sending it to the
>> temple. One day, she was caught red-handed by her father. The Lord appeared
>> to Vishnuchitta in his dream and told him that He wholeheartedly accepted
>> Goda’s offering. From this day on, Goda was respected by the devotees and
>> came to be known as “Andal”, the girl who “ruled” over the Lord. She is
>> also known as “Soodi Kodutha Sudarkodi”. Periyalwar took Andal to Srirangam
>> to marry Her to Lord Ranganatha. She entered the temple sanctum and became
>> one with him.
>>
>>  Mira Bai
>>
>> Saint Meera, also known as Meera Bai, was a 16th-century poet and devotee
>> of Krishna. She is a celebrated Bhakti saint, particularly in the North
>> Indian Hindu tradition. Meera Bai was born into a Rajput royal family in
>> the Kudki district of Pali, Rajasthan, India.
>>
>>  Akka Mahadevi
>>
>> Akka Mahadevi (ಅಕ್ಕ ಮಹಾದೇವಿ) (c.1130–1160) was one of the early female
>> poets of the Kannada language and a prominent personality in the
>> Veerashaiva Bhakti movement of the 12th century. Her 430 extant Vachana
>> poems (a form of spontaneous mystical poems), and the two short writings
>> called Mantrogopya and the Yogangatrividhi are considered her most notable
>> contribution to Kannada literature. She composed relatively fewer poems
>> than other saints of the movement. Yet the term Akka (“elder Sister”),
>> which is an honorific given to her by great Veerashaiva saints such as
>> Basavanna, Siddharama and Allamaprabhu is an indication of her contribution
>> to the spiritual discussions held at the “Anubhava Mantapa”[citation
>> needed]. She is in hindsight seen as an inspirational woman for Kannada
>> literature and the history of Karnataka. She is known to have considered
>> the god Shiva (‘Chenna Mallikarjuna’) as her husband, (traditionally
>> understood as the ‘madhura bhava’ or ‘madhurya’ form of devotion).
>>
>>  In modern times, there are numerous women spiritual leaders in the
>> limelight, however very few transgender leaders in this area of life…
>>
>>  Laxmi Narayan Tripathi trans gender
>>
>> Laxmi Narayan Tripathi (known as Laxmi, sometimes transliterated as
>> Lakshmi) is one of them. She is a transgender/Hijra rights activist,
>> Bollywood actress, Bharatanatyam dancer, choreographer and motivational
>> speaker in Mumbai, India. She is especially known for being the Acharya or,
>> Chief Priestess of Mahamandaleshwar of kinnar akhada.
>>
>> References from:
>>
>> Indian Feminism in Vedic perspective, by Shashi Prabha Kumar Reader,
>> Univ. of Delhi, Delhi 110007; Journal of Indian Studies, Vol. 1, 1998
>>
>> K Rajaram IRS  27824 28824
>>
>> --
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