CULTURAL QA 09202402
Topic- Technology- Base Quora QA. Compiled
Q1 How has cooking changed over the past 50 years?
KR On the out set there are changes not in 50 years only; iver 10000
years; iver one lakh year; in techniques in any field; the prima-facie,
subject is the same. For example, war is always a war; did it change? NO.
But the armours and therefore the pattern and design alone got changed.
Does the love change? NO; expressions and the modality of the exhibition
only chaned. Did baby delivery, feeding the baby by mother, your daily
rituals at home and office changed? NO. modality, the operative toold and
working hours and modes all around the implements alone cnged. Aim was and
is and will be only one; but the road to reach is kept on expanding.
COOKING is like that a subject that can never change. The operational
fesibility and the accesory tools will be improving to the mechanical
advantage. Cooking did not change. Mysore pak was not there once; later
some one invented ONLY THROUGH THE SAME PATTERN OF COOKING. If there is no
change then the PRAKRITI MUST BE DORMANT. RIGHT from the moment the eyes
were opened by the brahmam, there were step by step variations. Expansion
ans planetary movements. Energy and pwer added to every specie. As long as
there is akinetic, changes are inevitable; but the Purusha amd HIS
reflections are constant subjects whoch do not change. So, the question
could have been, what are the changes in the cookin syles and functional
mode.
Q2 Can technology erode civilisation?
KR In my view technology is not civilisation so definetely can
niether erode nor enhance permanently mutually, in whatsoever manner, at
all times, with all people viz every single individual, in the same manner,
uniformly. Pl read carefully sir. Hence Let me pass through the statement
of the compiler, who is resonsible for the presentations line by line.
G We become what we behold. We shape our tools, and then our tools
shape us.--Marshall McLuhan.
KR: Buddaha said what you think you become.
“That’s right. The salt permeates the water, just like the Self. Even
though we cannot see it, the Self is within all things and there is nothing
that doesn’t come from Him. This invisible and subtle essence is the Spirit
of the whole universe. That is reality. That is truth. And you, Shvetaketu,
you–are that! “From Chandogya Upanishad
Media affects as per Marshall; thought alone maketh a man and many men
maketh a civilisation. Not tjhe technology.
KR: Marshall McLuhan, a Canadian philosopher and communication
theorist known for his work on media theory. His contributions are highly
influential in the study of media and communication. He famously coined
the phrase "the medium is the message," emphasizing that the form of media
itself, rather than just its content, has a profound impact on
society. Electronic
media would connect people across the world, creating a new form of
interconnectedness and affecting cultural dynamics. He differentiated
between "hot" and "cool" media, where hot media (like radio and film) are
high in definition and require less participation from the audience, while
cool media (like television and telephone) are low in definition and demand
more engagement and interpretation from the audience.His theories continue
to be relevant in discussions about digital media, social networks, and the
internet, as they offer insights into how emerging technologies shape and
transform human communication and society.Marshall McLuhan's theories are
often considered prescient, especially in light of the rapid evolution of
media and communication technologies. THUS, THE QUOTE IS A MISQUOTE AS
MeDIA CHANGED THE CULTURE QUATED TO COOKING.
G: Upto my understanding, technology is itself a civilization. Both are
deeply connected and there is no possible way to make a distinction. Making
judgement, if technology is good or bad for civilization, is meaningless.
The correct statement should be like, electrical technology erodes the
mechanical aspects of human civilization. Yeah, that make sense.
KR: By technology what do we define it as? Technology, in its broadest
and most universal sense, can be defined as:"The application of scientific
knowledge for practical purposes, especially in industry, and the tools,
machines, and systems that result from this application." Technology
involves using scientific and technical knowledge to solve problems or
achieve specific goals. This can encompass a wide range of activities, from
creating simple tools to developing complex systems. The primary focus of
technology is on practical applications. It’s about making things work
better, more efficiently, or in new ways.
Did Indus valley or Haraappan civilisation had any technology?
Brick laying, using tools and mud pots were cultural civilisation, and
living mutually and dharmically were the civilisation, then absence of this
kind of civilisations, with opposite qualities of worse to human life, be
called a technology brings civilisations? Technology might (doubtful or if)
enhance the civilisation if were good deployment. If not? Hence erosion of
culture through tech is rue, as every inch one moves firward the lazy mind
will find bad use for it also. In another sense, as harappan time did not
have any electrical or electronics of today, and yet people were civilised
proves that Technology is not the tool at all to decode the civilisation at
all. Hence erosion of culture because of tech is a wrong equation. Yadhu
vamsa fought within themselves and all dies shows to destroy and survive a
cult technology is not at all a yardstick.
G An electrical machine is so accurate in repeating the same pattern
again and again, hence it degrades the original human skill, stamina,
patience, consistency, self-esteem and old tenets.
KR So also, as the innovation was from human brains and the functional
by the human brain, without brain input, out put cannot be there. So
descendance of human skill etc as above is never due to Technology
advanced; as one finding shall make anther think about next phase only,
that alterations will not bind the real quality of the human at all.
Q3 What are some interesting facts which are not commonly known?
KR: Its a good pep talk revealin anything oter than truth. Indeed, a
quote said that born in poverty is not a mistake; bit remain in poverty all
the time is. Exactly. But working hard as it is with a purpose to wipe out
poverty might or may not change on whole poveerty. Buddha hence said that
word. But it is onlty a placebo effect. People always keep changing the
modes of living but KARMA is stronger, which no one oher than the Hindus
knew it. Hence argue in favour of Good will self help only. If need to
survive keep jogging at the same spot. Rest become history or old tale.
Tre lies invokes the human.
Q4 What factors contributed to the Ottoman Empire's lack of
development in science and technology compared to other civilizations like
China and Europe?
KR: Before a question is answered one must chech the framing of the
question is meaning. Whether is it true that arab learnt from English or
vice versa sir? Though elsewhere I have posted an article about the same
point that it id only the other way but root cause of knowledge was only
from India. Anyway, I am reproducing the same here once more.
‘In Britain, we are still astonishingly ignorant’: the hidden story of how
ancient India shaped the west
The flow of knowledge to Europe on maths, astronomy and much more has gone
unacknowledged by historians.
In AD628, an Indian sage living on a mountain in Rajasthan made one of
the world’s most important mathematical discoveries. The great
mathematician Brahmagupta (598–670) explored Indian philosophical ideas
about nothingness and the void, and came up with the treatise that more or
less invented – and certainly defined – the concept of zero.
Brahmagupta was born near the Rajasthan hill station of Mount Abu.
When he was 30 years old, he wrote a 25-chapter treatise on mathematics
that was immediately recognised as a work of extraordinary subtlety and
genius.
He was the first mathematician to treat the circular zero symbol –
originally just a dot – as a number just like the others, rather than
merely as an absence, and this meant developing rules for doing arithmetic
using this additional symbol along with the other nine.
These basic rules of mathematics for the first time allowed any number
up to infinity to be expressed with just 10 distinct symbols: the nine
Indian number symbols devised by earlier generations of Indian
mathematicians, plus zero. These rules are still taught in classrooms
around the world today.
Brahmagupta also wrote down in Sanskrit verse a set of arithmetic
rules for handling positive and negative numbers, another of his
innovations. In other writings, he seems to have been the first to describe
gravity as an attractive force a full millennium before Isaac Newton.
But Brahmagupta was not alone, and he viewed himself as standing on
the shoulders of an earlier Indian genius, Aryabhata (476–550). The
latter’s work contains a very close approximation of the value of pi –
3.1416 – and deals in detail with spherical trigonometry. The ease of
making calculations using his system had direct implications for astronomy
and allowed him to calculate the movements of the planet, eclipses, the
size of the Earth and, astonishingly, the exact length of the solar year to
an accuracy of seven decimal places.
He also correctly proposed a spherical Earth that rotated on its own
axis. “By the grace of Brahma,” he wrote, “I dived deep in the ocean of
theories, true and false, and rescued the precious sunken jewel of true
knowledge by the means of the boat of my own intellect.”
The ideas of these two men, bringing together the mathematical
learning of ancient India, travelled first to the Arab world, then far to
the west, giving us not only crucial mathematical concepts such as zero,
but the very form of the numbers we use today. In Britain, our education
still gives us the impression that most of the great scientific advances of
antiquity were the productof the brilliance of ancient Greece. We learn
about Pythagoras and Archimedes at primary school, but mathematicians of
equal stature of Indian background are still completely unfamiliar to most
of us, and neither Brahmagupta nor Aryabhata are names that will ring any
bells at all in this country beyond a tiny group of academics.
It was they who perfected the numeral system in use around the world,
arguably the nearest thing the human race has to a universal language; yet
in the west, we attribute our numerals to the Arabs from whom we borrowed
them, not the Indians who actually invented them.
In Britain, we are still quite astonishingly ignorant about India’s
often forgotten position as an economic fulcrum, and civilisational engine
at the heart of the ancient and early medieval worlds.
Carbon dating reveals Bakhshali manuscript is centuries older than
scholars believed and is formed of multiple leaves nearly 500 years
different in age.
Although we in the west are almost entirely unaware of it, Indian
learning, religious insights and ideas are among the crucial foundations of
our world. Like ancient Greece, ancient India came up with a set of
profound answers to the big questions about what the world is, how it
operates, why we are here and how we should live our lives.
What Greece was first to Rome, then to the rest of the Mediterranean
and European world, so at this period India was to south-east and central
Asia and even to China, radiating out and diffusing its philosophies,
political ideas and architectural forms over an entire region, not by
conquest but instead by sheer cultural allure and sophistication.
For a millennium and a half, from about 250BC to 1200, India was a
confident exporter of its own diverse civilisation, creating around it an
empire of ideas that developed into a tangible “Indosphere”, where its
cultural influence was predominant.
During this period, the rest of Asia was the willing and even eager
recipient of a startlingly comprehensive mass transfer of Indian soft power
– in religion, art, music, dance, technology, astronomy, mathematics,
medicine, language and literature.
Out of India came not just pioneering merchants, astronomers and
astrologers, scientists and mathematicians, doctors and sculptors, but also
the holy men, monks and missionaries of several distinct strands of Indic
religious thought and devotion, Hindu and Buddhist.
These different religious worlds sometimes mingled and melded,
sometimes competed; occasionally, they clashed. But between them they came
to dominate south, central, south-east and eastern Asia. More than half the
world’s population today lives in areas where Indian ideas of religion and
culture are, or once were, dominant, and where Indian gods ruled the
imaginations of men and women.
This entire spectrum of early Indian influence has always been there,
hiding in plain sight: in the Buddhism of Sri Lanka, Tibet, China, Korea
and Japan; in the place names of Burma and Thailand; in the murals and
sculptures of the Ramayana and the Mahabharata in Laos and Cambodia; and in
the Hindu temples of Bali.
Yet somehow the Golden Road of monsoon-blown maritime trade
routes linking all this into a single cultural unit – a vast Indosphere
stretching all the way from the Red Sea to the Pacific – has never been
recognised as the link connecting all these different places and ideas to
each other; and never been given a name.
If India’s transformative effect on the religions and civilisations
around it was so central to world history, why is the extraordinary
diffusion of its influence not better and more widely known?
This is surely a lingering legacy of colonialism and more specifically
Victorian Indology, which undermined, misrepresented and devalued Indian
history, culture, science and knowledge from the period when Thomas
Babington Macaulay confidently proclaimed that “a single shelf of a good
European library was worth the whole native literature of India and Arabia”.
If India were acknowledged to already have been a powerful, cosmopolitan
and profoundly sophisticated civilisation, then what justification would
there be for Victorian Britain’s civilising mission?
How would you set out to bring civilisation to a part of the world that
you recognised has been supremely civilised for thousands of years and
which indeed was spreading its influence all over Asia long before the
coming of Christianity? The irony was that it was Indian ideas that in many
ways allowed the west to move eastward and subjugate India.
The numerals invented in India were adopted by the Arabs by the 8th
century, thanks to a dynasty of viziers of Baghdad, the Barmakids, who were
Sanskrit-literate converts from Buddhism, some of whose members had studied
Indian mathematics in Kashmir.
It was the Barmakids who sent missions to India in search of Indian
scientific texts, resulting in a mission from Sindh that brought a
compilation of the works of Brahmagupta and Aryabhata to Baghdad in 773.
A generation later, all the Sanskrit mathematical texts stored in the House
of Wisdom library in Baghdad were brilliantly summarised by the Persian
polymath Khwarizmi, whose name is the origin of our word “algorithm” and
whose book popularly known as Kitab al-Jabr is the basis of our word
“algebra”.
It became the basis for mathematics across the Arab world. But it is the
original name of the book that points to its inspiration: The Compendious
Book on Calculating by Completion and Balancing, According to Hindu
Calculation.From Baghdad, these ideas spread across the Islamic world. Five
hundred years later, in 1202, Leonardo of Pisa, known by his nickname
Fibonacci, returned from Algeria to Italy with his father, where he found
his compatriots still shackled by the Latin numeral system.
Fibonacci had grown up in a Pisan trading post in Béjaïa, where he had
learned fluent Arabic as well as Arab mathematics. On his return, at the
age of 32, he wrote the Liber Abaci, the Book of Calculation. As he
explained in the introduction, it was in Algeria that “I was introduced to
a wonderful kind of teaching that used the nine figures of the Indias.
“With the sign 0, which the Arabs call zephyr (al-sifr), any number
whatsoever can be written. Getting to know this pleased me far beyond all
else … Therefore, I made an effort to compose this book so that in future
the Latin race may not be found lacking in mathematical knowledge.”
It was Fibonacci’s Liber Abaci that first popularised in Europe the
use of what were later thought of as “Arabic numerals”, so seeding the
growth of banking and accounting, initially in Italy, under dynasties such
as the Medici and then in the rest of Europe.
These innovations helped propel the commercial and banking revolution
that financed the Renaissance and in time, as these ideas spread, the rise
of Europe, ultimately making it look east towards the riches of India, the
source of all these ideas.
For it was arguably European commercial prowess initiative just as much as
military might that gave Europe the edge over India.
From the mid-18th century, it was a European corporation, the East India
Company – run from the City of London by merchants and accountants, with
their ledgers and careful accounting – that ran amok and seized and
subjugated a fragmented and divided India in what was probably the supreme
act of corporate violence in history.
Today, three-quarters of a century after independence, many believe that
India’s moment has come again. Its economy has quadrupled in size in a
single generation. Its reputation as a centre for mathematics and
scientific skills remains intact, as Indian software engineers increasingly
staff the new Houses of Wisdom in Silicon Valley.
The only questions are whether it is India, China or the US that will
dominate the world by the end of this century, and what sort of India that
will be.
For a thousand years, India’s ideas spread along the Golden Road and
transformed the world, creating around itself an Indosphere, a cultural
zone that spread over political borders by the sheer power of its ideas.
Within this area, Indian culture and civilisation transformed
everything they touched. This poses a question, unthinkable back in 1947 at
independence from Britain: could they do so again?
The Golden Road: How Ancient India Transformed the World by William
Dalrymple is published by Bloomsbury (£30). To support the Guardian and
Observer order your copy at guardianbookshop.com. Delivery charges may apply
This article was amended on 1 September 2024. An earlier version
incorrectly referred to “decimal points”, rather than decimal places.
I hope you appreciated this article. Before you move on, I wanted to
ask if you would consider supporting the Guardian’s journalism as we enter
one of the most consequential news cycles of our lifetimes in 2024.
Betsy Reed
Editor, Guardian US
KR IRS 2924
Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Q5 According to modern scholars, which ancient culture was
considered the most technologically advanced? What evidence supports this
belief?
KR: Q4 article will fit here also. Inka Maya etc are not that worth
as many had written that the finding of some small spilates on Maths,
Astronomy etc do show only from India all learnt the theoretical side of
it. MAYA CALENDER SWEARING THE END THE WORLD IS NO MORE VALID; SIMILAR
OBJECTS INCA REVELTION DID NOT WORK OUT AS ANTICIPATED. The young man
belonging o USA may believe thus but truth is otherwise.
K Rajaram IRS 2924
---------- Forwarded message ---------
From: 'gopala krishnan' via iyer123 <[email protected]>
Date: Mon, 2 Sept 2024 at 08:12
Subject: [iyer123] CULTURAL QA 09-2024-02
To: Iyer <[email protected]>
CULTURAL QA 09-2024-02
Topic- Technology- Base Quora QA. Compiled
Q1 How has cooking changed over the past 50 years?
A1 Silk Road, Physics/History Connoisseur, AI Machine Learning.14h
Remember a story my father told me once.
A young buck in the 70s, his idea of a fancy meal was a TV dinner nuked in
the microwave.
Back then, cooking was pretty straightforward.
You had your stovetop, your oven, maybe a blender if you were feeling
adventurous.
Ingredients were basic, techniques were simple, and convenience was king.
Fast forward to today, and the kitchen's practically a sci-fi lab now.
We've got sous vide machines, immersion circulators, induction cooktops,
and smart appliances that practically cook for you.
See, the games changed.
There's been this major shift of focus on precision.
Not just eyeballing measurements anymore; we're using digital scales and
thermometers to get things just right.
Godamn that looks good
Sous vide cooking, for instance, lets you cook food at a precise
temperature for hours, resulting in perfectly tender meats and veggies.
Like having one of those Michelin-starred chefs in the kitchen.
We're also playing with molecular gastronomy, whipping up them foams and
spheres that look like they belong in a modern art museum.
We're embracing global flavors, from Korean kimchi to Peruvian ceviche.
And let's not forget the rise of plant-based cooking, with innovative meat
substitutes and dairy alternatives hitting the shelves.
Gone are the days of dusty cookbooks; now we've got YouTube tutorials, food
blogs, and recipe apps at our fingertips.
You can master any cuisine from the comfort of your couch.
Some things haven't changed though.
The joy of gathering around a table with loved ones, sharing a delicious
meal - that's timeless.
And while the tools and techniques may have evolved, the heart of cooking
remains the same: transforming those raw ingredients into something that
nourishes the body and soul.
Q2 Can technology erode civilisation?
A2 Shakir Jawed, Aug 24
We become what we behold. We shape our tools, and then our tools shape
us.--Marshall McLuhan.
Upto my understanding, technology is itself a civilization. Both are deeply
connected and there is no possible way to make a distinction. Making
judgement, if technology is good or bad for civilization, is meaningless.
The correct statement should be like, electrical technology erodes the
mechanical aspects of human civilization. Yeah, that make sense.
An early electrical generator at Spark museum in Bellingham, Washington.
During it's demonstration at an industrial exposition in Vienna in 1873,
Zenobe Gramme accidentally discovered that this device, if supplied with a
constant-voltage power supply, will act as an electric motor. Electric
motor was first practical demonstration of an electrical control of a
mechanical system.
It is because the electrical technology reshaped and reconstructed ways of
social interdependence and other aspects of our personal life. It demands
to reconsider and re-evaluate practically every thought and every action or
technique, ever used by humans. Within few decades of its invention, the
electricity started dominating the whole mechanical world.
With new electrical age, we have mass production, mass information, mass
media, lifeless motion/automation, global network and high speed etc, which
were not possible during mechanical age. Now, for the sake of this answer
I'll just limit the discussion, to the effect of electrical erosion on only
one aspect of mechanical civilization.
Interior design of Gloucester, an English Cathedral built in the Romanesque
and Gothic styles, started in 1089 and it took 500 years for completion.
In ancient times, I mean during mechanical age, we had architects and group
of people e.g. Hemiunu(Egypt), Nabataeans(Arabians), Mayans (South
Americans) Rashtrakutas(Asians), Shang Dynasty(China), Gothic
Freemasons(Europeans) and Ustad Ahmad Lahori(South Asia) etc. Today, the
most of visible ancient world has made by them.
I'm sure the descendants of above mentioned people are still living today,
but with the involvement of electricity in civil engineering and
architecture, this noble profession has lost the architect's creed, and
this specific human skill is now obsolete. An electrical machine is so
accurate in repeating the same pattern again and again, hence it degrades
the original human skill, stamina, patience, consistency, self-esteem and
old tenets.
The effects of electrical erosion on mechanical world is so widespread.
Things like clothings, transport, thermodynamics, art, construction,
lifecycle, labour, food, social administration and trade are now completely
dominated by electricity.
Q3 What are some interesting facts which are not commonly known?
A3 Joshua Agronetti, M.F.A. in Software Engineering & Finance,
University of California, Berkeley (Graduated 2008) FriBeing poor now would
only lead to being more poor later. You might know this, but only
subconsciously.
1. Can’t pay to clean your teeth? Next year you’ll pay for a root canal.
2. Can’t pay for a new mattress? Next year, you’ll pay for back surgery.
3. Can’t pay to get that lump checked out? Next year you’ll pay for stage 3
cancer treatment.
4. Can't pay to service your car and change your oil? Next year you’ll pay
for a new engine.
5. Can’t pay for family planning? A couple of years later you’ll be charged
for child negligence.
I can keep going, but I think my point has been proven.
Poverty charges interest.
I do understand that it’s not a choice to be poor now, but it is definitely
your choice to remain poor. There are millions of ways to change that
situation about yourself. Take a look around the internet and start from
there.
Q4 What factors contributed to the Ottoman Empire's lack of
development in science and technology compared to other civilizations like
China and Europe?
A4 Oreste Papadopol, Aug 18
Ottoman Muslims were pretty arrogant intelectually, taking litterally this
Quranic ayat from Quran 6: 38: “There is not an animal in the earth, nor a
flying creature flying on two wings, but they are peoples like unto you. We
have neglected nothing in the Book (of Our decrees). Then unto their Lord
they will be gathered.” Pickthall.
The ‘ulamas’ interpreration of this Quranic statement at the time of
Napoleon’s invasion of Egypt in 1798 was that there is nothing the
Christians can teach the Muslims because the Muslims have the only thing
they need to learn about everything in physical existance: the Quran.
Thus, Ottoman Muslims intellectually isolated themselves from the West and
mentally just fell into a centuries long deep sleep believing that the
Quran is all they need to teach them everything. Ottoman Muslims were also
in denial about the Scientific Revolution going on in the West since the
XVIIth c. and the Industrial Revolution that began around 1750.
They were in denial because it contradicted the belief that if one doesn’t
have the Quran to enlighten them, people live in darkness, stupidity and
ignorance. So according to this strong Muslim belief, as Westerners do not
have the Quran, any scientific progress coming from them is impossible.
Hence Muslims denied the existance of the hot air baloon with human on
board achieved for the first time in France in 1783. Muslims used the same
Quranic ayat of Quran 6:38 as proof that a manned hot air baloon is
impossible, as the ayat says: “There is not an animal in the earth, nor a
flying creature flying on two wings, but they are peoples like unto you. We
have neglected nothing in the Book (of Our decrees). Then unto their Lord
they will be gathered.” Thus, as late as fifteen years after the manned hot
air baloon was a thing in the West for the first time, Muslim Ottomans were
denying its existance. The ‘ulamas’ argument was that Quran 6: 38 clearly
tells us that flight is not for humans but only for flying creatures flying
on two wings. “As humans do not have this attribute of having been born
with two wings we cannot fly.
The ‘ulama only were obliged to accept that the humans can fly, when in
front of them in 1798 the French made a manned hot air baloon fly. The
demonstration for undeniable proof of flying humans was only possible
because the French conqueted Egypt and forced the Muslims to watch. If not,
Muslims wouldn’t have even wanted to entertain the concept of giving
Christians the benefit of the doubt and voluntarily watch a demonstration
of human flight. So basically the French had to force feed the Muslims with
scientific achievements by force of arms. At that point was the Ottoman
Muslim intellectual isolation.
The 1798 French demonstration of man on board a flying hot air balloon was
the turning point when Muslim clergy lost credibility and Muslims turned to
Westerners for learning. Thus the seed of secularization/Westernization in
the Ottoman Empire was planted. People started seeing Paris, not Mecca as
the ultimate reference of learning, from then on.
Q5 According to modern scholars, which ancient culture was
considered the most technologically advanced? What evidence supports this
belief?
A5 Santhosh Krishna, Former Student at The College and University
Experience (2023–2024)Aug 26
According to scholars there where Multiple Civilizations with Advanced
Technology you cannot Pinpoint exactly because each civilization had it’s
own unique features
For Example the Inca Empire Although an isolated civilization In the New
world. Had A Very advanced Architecture
Machu Pichu an Architectural wonder of the Inca Empire. The Ancient
Medieval City was Built on the Anges Mountain range a Geographic region
containing Mountain chains with a Very active tectonic movement and
Frequent earthquakes. The Buildings of Machu Pichu where Built to combat
and Protect the structure from these Natural elements
Their City fortifications had Precision cut and Shaped rocks stacked on top
of each fitting peace The Incas Never used Mortar or clay to Fortify rather
they Used white Granite Powder from the Surrounding region and Perfectly
interlocked with the rocks Giving the city It's strong iconic Walls
When an New world Civilization achieved Same Wonders as the Old world we
Often confuse on who Gets the credit for greatest civilization
My country of India Also Has Ancient History and From my view it was One of
the Great civilizations with Very rich architecture and Discoveries.
Dhilwara jain temple An entire Marble architecture built on top of the
Aravalli Hills during the Same Period
People have Biased Opinions so the Answer is All civilizations achieved
great success and Experienced their respective Heights and Cultural golden
periods
Even scholars especially the Modern one's seem to have the Same ideas
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