The Puritans and the Plebeians were two distinct social and historical groups, but both were involved in shaping the history of their respective societies—Puritans in 17th-century England and colonial America, and Plebeians in ancient Rome. Here’s an overview of each group and some facts about their roles and characteristics.
Puritans 1. Origins and Beliefs: The Puritans were a religious group in 16th- and 17th-century England. They sought to "purify" the Church of England, believing that the church retained too many Catholic traditions and needed to be reformed to adhere more closely to Biblical teachings. Their beliefs centered on a strict interpretation of Christian doctrine, the importance of personal piety, and the idea of predestination, which is the belief that God has already chosen who will be saved and who will be damned. 2. Religious Reformation: Puritans were critical of the Church of England and sought to make the church more "pure" in their view, by eliminating practices they considered to be corrupt or not rooted in the Bible. Many Puritans opposed the hierarchical structure of the Church of England, which they felt mirrored Catholicism, and advocated for a more congregationalist model where each congregation could govern itself. 3. Persecution and Migration: The Puritans faced persecution in England for their beliefs, particularly under the reign of King James I and later Charles I. The English monarchy and the Anglican Church viewed their attempts at reform as a threat. Many Puritans migrated to the New World to escape persecution and establish a society based on their religious principles. The Massachusetts Bay Colony, founded in 1630, became a major Puritan stronghold in colonial America. 4. Puritan Society in New England: Puritans in the New World created a highly religious and disciplined society. Their communities were often self-governed with a heavy emphasis on religious observance, morality, and strict laws. Puritan work ethics and values such as thrift, hard work, and education played a significant role in shaping the culture of New England, and their influence can still be seen in American society today. Plebeians 1. Origins and Class Structure in Ancient Rome: The term “Plebeian” refers to the lower social class in ancient Rome, which contrasted with the Patricians, the wealthy and aristocratic ruling class. The Plebeians were the common people, including farmers, laborers, soldiers, and artisans. They made up the majority of Rome’s population but had limited political power and social privileges compared to the Patricians. 2. The Struggle for Rights: Throughout early Roman history, the Plebeians fought for greater political representation and rights. One of the key moments in this struggle was the Conflict of the Orders, which lasted from 494 BC to 287 BC. Plebeians formed their own assembly, the Concilium Plebis, and demanded reforms such as the election of Plebeian tribunes (officials who could veto laws harmful to their interests) and the publication of laws (the Twelve Tables in 451-450 BC). 3. Social and Political Gains: Over time, the Plebeians gained significant political power. By the 3rd century BC, they were able to hold high offices, including the consulship, and had a voice in the Senate, Rome’s governing body. The Roman Republic’s laws and institutions were gradually reformed to give more rights to Plebeians, such as the Lex Hortensia of 287 BC, which made decisions by the Plebeian assembly binding on all Roman citizens, including the Patricians. 4. The Plebeians’ Role in Roman Society: Plebeians were essential to the functioning of the Roman economy and military. Many served as soldiers in the Roman legions and were the backbone of Roman agriculture. While they were often poorer and had fewer privileges than the Patricians, Plebeians were not a homogeneous group. Some Plebeians became wealthy, and there was a growing middle class that included merchants and landowners. Comparison of the Puritans and Plebeians While the Puritans and Plebeians were from different historical periods and societies, they shared some similarities: Social Struggles and Reform Movements: Both groups were involved in movements for greater social and political influence. The Puritans sought religious reform, while the Plebeians sought political and legal reforms. Opposition to Established Authorities: The Puritans opposed the authority of the Anglican Church and the monarchy, while the Plebeians fought against the political dominance of the Patrician class. Impact on Society: Both groups had lasting effects on their societies. Puritans influenced the development of colonial American culture and religion, while Plebeians contributed to the shaping of the Roman Republic by securing political rights and reforms. The Puritans and the Plebeians represent two important historical examples of groups fighting for greater rights and reform in their respective societies. The Puritans’ religious zeal and migration to the New World shaped early American society, while the Plebeians’ struggle for political representation and equality laid the foundation for the later development of Roman law and government. Both groups demonstrate the power of collective action in the face of social and political adversity. K Rajaram IRS 20125 On Sun, 19 Jan 2025 at 21:14, Yeddanapudi Markandeyulu < [email protected]> wrote: > I left Iyer123 because of the quarrels.Still the quarrels land in my > inbox.Sri Sai is angry about the cross postings.I will be very happy if he > succeeds and the quarrels of Iyer123,and also in the Kerala iyers where > also I am not a member do not appear in my inbox. > YM > > On Sun, Jan 19, 2025 at 9:22 AM Rajaram Krishnamurthy < > [email protected]> wrote: > >> I remembered the comedy: https://youtu.be/DPP-Tlhix_Q Kalyana >> parisu; Idukkan varungal naguga tirukkural >> KR IRS 19125 >> >> ---------- Forwarded message --------- >> From: Indian R <[email protected]> >> Date: Sun, 19 Jan 2025 at 01:07 >> Subject: [iyer123] Re: Fwded mails on How Hindus are ruled now and their >> plight >> To: iyer123 <[email protected]> >> >> >> TO ALL on this thread (and everyone else in the group as well) - I have >> already told everyone to NOT CROSS POST from other groups. >> >> As I have mentioned before, the other groups have enough bilge in them. >> If you wish to add to the (lack of) quality, please feel free to POST IN >> THOSE GROUPS. >> >> DO NOT CROSS POST into iyer123. I am very tempted to dissolve this group >> and be done with the issues that you are creating. >> >> You most miserable moderator, >> Sai >> >> P.S. When you respond to the post of someone in the other group(s), it >> does NOT automatically get posted into iyer123. I know, for example, that >> Shri Gopaji DOES NOT CROSS POST his writings to al these groups. He goes to >> the pain of writing everything twice - once for iyer123, and once for the >> other groups. >> >> When something that has originated with him, and has responses in one of >> those groups, shows up in iyer123, there is only one conclusion I can drow. >> >> SOMEONE with MALICIOUS INTENT has added the iyer123 group to the email, >> WHEN RESPONDING TO A POST FROM THAT GROUP. And, unfortunately, I know who >> that person is. Last time I wrote privately. >> >> PLEASE CONSIDER THIS A SECOND (and final) WARNING - that if this happens >> again, .... >> >> Sai >> >> On Saturday, January 18, 2025 at 9:27:03 AM UTC-5 Narayanaswamy Sekar >> wrote: >> >>> >>> Thanks. >>> >>> I have read this and other speeches, written articles by various >>> people including Anand Rengansthan, Sai Deepak and others. >>> >>> So long as the Hindus, educated ones at that, who believe in the West's >>> way of living and consider defending our Religion is backward, these >>> atrocities on our religion and traditions will continue. >>> >>> It is ironical the West is turning to Hinduism for solace and salvation >>> but we take pride in decrying and denigrating our great religion. Defending >>> Hinduism and speaking for fellow suppressed Hindus is beneath our dignity. >>> We are hurtling towards self destruction. See the number of people still >>> voting for the INDI Alliance. >>> >>> We need no enemies, our own folks will take care of that. Disgusting >>> fellows. >>> >>> N Sekar >>> >>> >>> >>> Yahoo Mail: Search, Organize, Conquer >>> <https://mail.onelink.me/107872968?pid=nativeplacement&c=US_Acquisition_YMktg_315_SearchOrgConquer_EmailSignature&af_sub1=Acquisition&af_sub2=US_YMktg&af_sub3=&af_sub4=100002039&af_sub5=C01_Email_Static_&af_ios_store_cpp=0c38e4b0-a27e-40f9-a211-f4e2de32ab91&af_android_url=https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.yahoo.mobile.client.android.mail&listing=search_organize_conquer> >>> >>> On Sat, Jan 18, 2025 at 7:19 PM, Rajaram Krishnamurthy >>> <[email protected]> wrote: >>> A thought adds colour to the issue KR IRS 18125 >>> >>> Dr Anand Ranganathan highlighted the sorry plight of Hindus in their own >>> country and how they have been made victims of state-sanctioned apartheid. >>> In his talk organized by Prabodhan Manch Parle, Anand pointed out >>> discrimination so entrenched, in our constitution, policy, laws, and >>> judgments, that it makes Hindus not just second-class citizens but, rather, >>> eighth-class citizens. >>> >>> Anand began his address with the words “Ever since Mahatma Gandhi >>> succeeded in controlling this nation’s pulse we have witnessed minority >>> appeasement on an unprecedented scale, sometimes as virtue signalling at >>> other times as placation of victimhood”. >>> >>> Anand further highlighted Gandhi’s appeasement policy that comes through >>> in the latter’s speech where he says Hindus shouldn’t harbour any anger >>> or hatred for Muslims even if Muslims wanted to destroy and kill Hindus. >>> Gandhi wanted Hindus to give up their lives for ushering in a ‘new world’. >>> Anand says that vision has been realized. >>> >>> “Right from the Khilafat movement to the cushioning of the Mopla >>> massacre to the Rangila Rasool incident to discriminatory state and central >>> articles and amendments to school curriculums to Hajj subsidy to ignoring >>> prohibition of Child Marriage Act to Shah Bano to the declaration by a >>> sitting Prime Minister that minorities have the first right to resources, >>> every single time the minority has been appeased it has only emboldened >>> their leaders and political fronts for further extortion and blackmail”, he >>> says. >>> >>> Furthermore, he opines that while appeasement in itself is >>> discriminatory, active discrimination of the ‘majority’ is worse than >>> appeasement of one community. He added that Hindus have accepted >>> appeasement as a ‘political compulsion’. >>> >>> It is this ‘political compulsion’ that makes governments handout 31.3 >>> per cent of homes under the Awas Yojana, 33 per cent of funds under the >>> Kisan Saman Nidhi Yojana, and 36 per cent of loans under the Mudra Yojana >>> in the last eight years to a community that is 14.2 per cent (according to >>> the official census) of the country’s population. Anand further listed >>> schemes for Muslims under the current Modi-led BJP dispensation. >>> >>> Anand reiterated that the point he was trying to make wasn’t about >>> appeasement but about apartheid and the discrimination entrenched in >>> the constitution, policies, legal framework, society and psyche that makes >>> Hindus eighth-class citizens. Anand also listed eight reasons why >>> Hindus are eighth-class in their own country, a so-called Hindu Rashtra. >>> >>> 1) State control of Hindu temples and their properties: Secularism >>> means total separation of state and religion but in Bharat only Mandirs are >>> controlled by the government. Mandirs have been centres of worship, >>> learning, community living, trade & economy, statecraft, and even defence. >>> Hence, invaders believed that to dismantle Bharat, its temple ecosystem had >>> to be dismantled. >>> >>> The British passed this trait to Brown Sahibs who are continuing to >>> carry forward the British legacy since independence in the form of various >>> regulations. Hindus have been at the receiving end of state-sponsored >>> loot and pillaging of Mandirs due to these regulations. The Congress >>> government passed the Hindu religious and charitable endowments Act 1959 to >>> further snub Hindus when the draconian provisions of the Hindu religious >>> and charitable endowments Act 1951 were challenged and struck down by the >>> courts. >>> >>> 2) Injustice towards Kashmiri Hindus: “Terrorists are targeting Hindus >>> settled in Kashmir and not tourists which is evident from the fact that >>> this year has been the highest. They want Hindus to return as tourists and >>> fill their coffers but not settle in their own land as Kashmiri Hindu”, >>> says Anand. Furthermore, he quotes Sushil Pandit who says tourism in >>> Kashmir funds Jihad. >>> >>> Anand also questions the state which allows Rohingyas to settle across >>> Bharat including Jammu & Kashmir but not Kashmiri Hindus. He highlights >>> that the Kashmiris continue to live as refugees for more than three decades >>> in ugly inhospitable transit camps. >>> >>> “It is not just a film but a recollection of memories of thousands of >>> Kashmiri Hindus who were betrayed by their own friends”, Anand points out >>> why the truth about the 1990 Kashmir Hindu Genocide as shown in The Kashmir >>> Files movie is being hidden by Islamist apologists. >>> >>> Anand says he is bothered by the government, *judiciary,* and society >>> forgetting what Islamist Jihadis uttered and did. He poignantly adds >>> that this nation hears complaints through the barrel of a gun not the ink >>> of a pen, it believes inaction is medicine, believes time heals, and >>> believes wounds don’t fester. >>> >>> 3) Waqf Act of 1995: Waqf is the third largest land owner in India >>> after defence and railways. Interestingly, much of its land holding is >>> pre-independence and a result of the British placating Muslims. The >>> insidious give-and-take between the British and Muslims resulted in Waqf >>> Board being at the receiving end of British generosity. >>> >>> The Congress government in keeping with its appeasement policy decided >>> to withdraw its claim on 123 Prime Central Delhi properties and gifted them >>> to Waqf Board on March 5, 2014. These were endowed to the government by the >>> departing British and their status remained unchanged for 70 years. >>> According to the Waqf Act, every donated land belongs to ‘Allah in >>> perpetuity’ and it is the Waqf Board that decides which land is fit to be >>> declared Waqf property which can be used for any ‘Sharia-compliant purpose’. >>> >>> 4) RTE (Right to Education) Act: The Congress-led UPA (United >>> Progressive Alliance) government passed the RTE Act in 2009. The preamble >>> of the Act states it aims to provide free and compulsory education to all >>> children in the 6 to 14 years age group. RTE has and continues to >>> destroy Hindu schools and institutions. >>> >>> “Perhaps that is the overarching goal of secularism – to allow the >>> prospering of every other religion, its belief systems, way of life, >>> cultural values, educational methods, wisdom, books & scriptures except >>> Hinduism”, Anand rues. >>> >>> There are numerous Provisions under the RTE that selectively apply only >>> to non-minority schools. RTE’s order stating that 25 per cent of seats must >>> be allotted to children belonging to economically weaker sections and other >>> disadvantaged groups is proving to be a death knell for privately run Hindu >>> educational institutions. >>> >>> 5) Legislations favouring non-Hindus & discriminating against Hindus: >>> Bigamy is punishable under Section 494 of IPC (Indian Penal Code) but is >>> permitted for Muslims under the Muslim Personal law Sharia application Act >>> 1937, Communal violence bill (Prevention of communal and targeted >>> violence access to justice and reparations Bill 2011) which fortunately >>> didn’t translate into an Act, and 1952 Hindu court bill adopted in 1956 are >>> some such legislations. >>> >>> *6) Judiciary that exclusively tries to reform only Hindu Dharma*: >>> Anand highlighted several instances where the judiciary discriminated >>> against the ‘majority’ such as in the Nupur Sharma and Sabarimala cases. >>> >>> 7) Celebrating those who killed and converted millions of Hindus: Anand >>> highlighted how invaders have been glorified and honoured by naming cities, >>> railway stations, and other places after them. Furthermore, leftist >>> historians (read distortians) have whitewashed the crimes of these barbaric >>> invaders and how this whitewashing has weakened Bharat. >>> >>> 8) Places of Worship Act 1991: Anand believes this is the most barbaric >>> legislation passed in Bharat. He further maintains that the Supreme Court >>> (SC) wilfully ratified this Act in its 2019 Ayodhya verdict. The Act >>> obligates maintaining all religious places except Ram Janmabhoomi as they >>> were on August 15, 1947. This makes it almost impossible to reclaim >>> temples that have been encroached on by invaders. >>> >>> K RAJARAM IRS 18125 >>> >>> On Sat, 18 Jan 2025 at 17:05, Narayanaswamy Sekar <[email protected]> >>> wrote: >>> >>> Hindus are ruled by? >>> >>> Our selfishness and disunity and the willingness to sell ourselves >>> results in this sorry state of affairs. >>> >>> N Sekar >>> >>> >>> >>> https://rikki3110.quora.com/Absolutely-21 >>> https://rikki3110.quora.com/Absolutely-21?ch=15&oid=205605139&share=125cf0b4&srid=zW5dG&target_type=post >>> >>> >>> -- >>> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google >>> Groups "Thatha_Patty" group. >>> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send >>> an email to [email protected]. >>> To view this discussion visit >>> https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/thatha_patty/CABC81ZeHXH5kYM-RKrJq4uxwNn28j6aT5Kr-Ag_MjZGiHgqkuw%40mail.gmail.com >>> <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/thatha_patty/CABC81ZeHXH5kYM-RKrJq4uxwNn28j6aT5Kr-Ag_MjZGiHgqkuw%40mail.gmail.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> >>> . >>> >>> -- >>> On Facebook, please join >>> https://www.facebook.com/groups/keralaiyerstrust >>> >>> We are now on Telegram Mobile App also, please join >>> >>> Pattars/Kerala Iyers Discussions: https://t.me/PattarsGroup >>> >>> Kerala Iyers Trust Decisions only posts : https://t.me/KeralaIyersTrust >>> >>> Kerala Iyers Trust Group for Discussions: >>> https://t.me/KeralaIyersTrustGroup >>> --- >>> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google >>> Groups "KeralaIyers" group. >>> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send >>> an email to [email protected]. >>> To view this discussion visit >>> https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/keralaiyers/CAL5XZorCQvPZjgzL9nFYO0RJ2n8Bwnj9JKjYMqo8JCAgMP7nMg%40mail.gmail.com >>> <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/keralaiyers/CAL5XZorCQvPZjgzL9nFYO0RJ2n8Bwnj9JKjYMqo8JCAgMP7nMg%40mail.gmail.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> >>> . >>> >>> -- >>> On Facebook, please join >>> https://www.facebook.com/groups/keralaiyerstrust >>> >>> We are now on Telegram Mobile App also, please join >>> >>> Pattars/Kerala Iyers Discussions: https://t.me/PattarsGroup >>> >>> Kerala Iyers Trust Decisions only posts : https://t.me/KeralaIyersTrust >>> >>> Kerala Iyers Trust Group for Discussions: >>> https://t.me/KeralaIyersTrustGroup >>> --- >>> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google >>> Groups "KeralaIyers" group. >>> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send >>> an email to [email protected]. >>> To view this discussion visit >>> https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/keralaiyers/1093228930.1324789.1737209685870%40mail.yahoo.com >>> <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/keralaiyers/1093228930.1324789.1737209685870%40mail.yahoo.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> >>> . >>> >>> -- >> To go to your groups page on the web, login to your gmail account and >> then click on https://groups.google.com/ >> --- >> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups >> "iyer123" group. >> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an >> email to [email protected]. >> To view this discussion visit >> https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/iyer123/fdaf0356-2f56-4254-9d65-4e948ce85fc6n%40googlegroups.com >> <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/iyer123/fdaf0356-2f56-4254-9d65-4e948ce85fc6n%40googlegroups.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> >> . >> >> -- >> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups >> "Thatha_Patty" group. >> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an >> email to [email protected]. >> To view this discussion visit >> https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/thatha_patty/CAL5XZor0nT6xsjfTAMQxT_ForXWqAjdZts_yCjjoxno0pp4LRQ%40mail.gmail.com >> <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/thatha_patty/CAL5XZor0nT6xsjfTAMQxT_ForXWqAjdZts_yCjjoxno0pp4LRQ%40mail.gmail.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> >> . >> > -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Thatha_Patty" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to [email protected]. To view this discussion visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/thatha_patty/CAL5XZorxy-BJ5iUGLfUvcdq1nbdHGGeWbw-wqXwBfHgtvzX6dQ%40mail.gmail.com.
