Free-Reprint Article Written by: Elizabeth Jean See Terms of Reprint Below.
***************************************************************** * * This email is being delivered directly to members of the group: * * [email protected] * ***************************************************************** We have moved our TERMS OF REPRINT to the end of the article. Be certain to read our TERMS OF REPRINT and honor our TERMS OF REPRINT when you use this article. Thank you. This article has been distributed by: http://Article-Distribution.com Helpful Link: The Digital Millennium Copyright Act - Overview http://www.gseis.ucla.edu/iclp/dmca1.htm --------------------------------------------------------------------- Article Title: ============== Florentine Fountains: Sculpture, Not Water Article Description: ==================== While Roman fountains seem designed primarily for the display of water, the Florentine fountains exist for the display of sculpture. Certainly their outstanding characteristic in the Cinquecento is the tendency of the figure sculpture to dominate the structural portions of basins and shaft... Additional Article Information: =============================== 632 Words; formatted to 65 Characters per Line Distribution Date and Time: 2007-04-03 10:36:00 Written By: Elizabeth Jean Copyright: 2006-2007 Contact Email: mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] For more free-reprint articles by Elizabeth Jean, please visit: http://thePhantomWriters.com/free_content/d/index.shtml#Elizabeth_Jean ============================================= Special Notice For Publishers and Webmasters: ============================================= If you use this article on your website or in your ezine, We Want To Know About It. Use the following URL to let us know where you have used this article, and we will include a link to your website on thePhantomWriters.com: http://thephantomwriters.com/notify.php?id=3555&p=load HTML Copy-and-Paste and TEXT Copy-and-Paste Versions Of Article Are Available at: http://thePhantomWriters.com/free_content/db/j/florentine-fountains.shtml#get_code --------------------------------------------------------------------- Florentine Fountains: Sculpture, Not Water Copyright (c) 2006-2007 Elizabeth Jean Garden Fountains http://www.garden-fountains.com While Roman fountains seem designed primarily for the display of water, the Florentine fountains exist for the display of sculpture. Certainly their outstanding characteristic in the Cinquecento is the tendency of the figure sculpture to dominate the structural portions of basins and shaft, as in the overpowering nudes upon Giovanni Bologna's Fountain of Oceanus in the Boboli Garden, or the riot of sculpture which covers Ammannati's great Fountain of Neptune in the Piazza della Signoria. At the Florentine villas, where the design of fountains was in the hands of sculptors, there was a marked predilection for the freestanding types. This popularity was likely because of the opportunity which they afforded for sculpture in the round, a consuming interest in the Florentine school of the Cinquecento. Water plays only a minor part in the design of Florentine fountains, seldom receiving a monumental treatment. This fact was due partly to the artists' primary interest in the sculpture, partly to the limited supply of water in Florence and its environs which confined the sculptor to the effects possible with slender jets. The linking of the stream of water with the statue was well adapted to this limitation, and the designers of fountains rang the changes on the water motifs evolved in the preceding century, adding others, such as the wringing out of the water from the hair or beard. In Tribolo's charming Fountain of the Labyrinth, at the Villa of Petraia, a slender stream falls from the locks of the terminal figure. Such effects may seem to us, with our knowledge of the naturalistic and massive handling of the water in the later Roman fountains, petty and artificial. But the Florentines of the Renaissance delighted in their ingenuity. Even when a considerable supply of water was available, as in the Great Fountain at Castello, for which Tribolo united all the streams from the fountains on higher levels, there was a tendency to weaken the effect by subdivision into numerous petty jets. The water of the Tuscan fountain trickled rather than gushed. After the wholesale deforestation of the Tuscan countryside in the nineteenth century, the water supply of Florence and its environs became more limited than ever, so that one would frequently see dry fountains. Yet the effect of the whole is seldom greatly impaired by the lack of the water, so slight is the part which it plays in the design, so great the emphasis upon the sculpture. The copious supply of water made available by the restoration of ancient aqueducts in Rome and its environs led to the particular study of water effects, which were treated with a new grandeur and freedom. Majestic cascades fall from great heights into calm pools below, a veritable geyser gushes upward from the Fountain of the Dragons and along the bypaths, and myriad minor jets toss their cooling spray into the air. Roman fountains, above all others, seem primarily designed for the display of water; when temporarily deprived of the liquid element, they present a most unnatural appearance. The pathetic effect of one that remains permanently dry can be described only by the Italian phrase "una tontana morta." The sculpture which decorated the Roman fountains, however, received little attention. This was due in part to the plethora of ancient statuary which could be reused, and the scarcity of contemporary sculptors at Rome. The great second court of the Vigna di Papa Giulio and the grounds of the Villa Montalto were once alive with classical figures, while at the Villa d'Este there was originally a wealth of ancient statuary. For all this, the chief cause for indifference to Roman fountain sculpture lay in the fact that the designers were more interested in the water and in architectural effects. In a word, the fountains of the Roman villas are architects' fountains. --------------------------------------------------------------------- Written by Elizabeth Jean for http://www.Garden-Fountains.com where you can find a large selection of garden and wall fountains, as well as garden statuary and planters for container gardens and decor. --- END ARTICLE --- Get HTML or TEXT Copy-and-Paste Versions Of This Article at: http://thePhantomWriters.com/free_content/db/j/florentine-fountains.shtml#get_code ..................................... TERMS OF REPRINT - Publication Rules (Last Updated: May 11, 2006) Our TERMS OF REPRINT are fully enforcable under the terms of: The Digital Millennium Copyright Act http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?c105:H.R.2281.ENR: ..................................... *** Digital Reprint Rights *** * If you publish this article in a website/forum/blog, You Must Set All URL's or Mailto Addresses in the body of the article AND in the Author's Resource Box as Hyperlinks (clickable links). * Links must remain in the form that we published them. Clean links should point to the Author's links without redirects having been inserted into the copy. * You are not allowed to Change or Delete any Words or Links in the Article or Resource Box. Paragraph breaks must be retained with articles. You can change where the paragraph breaks fall, but you cannot eliminate all paragraph breaks as some have chosen to do. * Email Distribution of this article Must be done through Opt-in Email Only. No Unsolicited Commercial Email. * You Are Allowed to format the layout of the article for proper display of the article in your website or in your ezine, so long as you can maintain the author's interests within the article. * You may not use sentences from this article as an input for any software that steals sentences from others in order to build an article with software. The copyright on this article applies to the "WHOLE" article. *** Author Notification *** We ask that you notify the author of publication of his or her work. Elizabeth Jean can be reached at: [EMAIL PROTECTED] *** Print Publication Reprint Rights *** If you desire to publish this article in a PRINT publication, you must contact the author directly for Print Permission at: mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] ..................................... If you need help converting this text article for proper hyperlinked placement in your webpage, please use this free tool: http://thephantomwriters.com/link-builder.pl ===================================================================== ABOUT THIS ARTICLE SUBMISSION http://thePhantomWriters.com is a paid article distribution service. thePhantomWriters.com and Article-Distribution.com are owned and operated by Bill Platt of Stillwater, Oklahoma USA. The content of this article is solely the property and opinion of its author, Elizabeth Jean http://www.garden-fountains.com --------------------------------------------------------------------- XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX --------------------------------------------------------------------- *-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-* To have your article appear in this distribution list, you must absolutely be a client of thePhantomWriters. We offer a paid article distribution service, and this is one of the more than 60 groups where we submit our client articles. To learn more about our program, visit: http://thePhantomWriters.com/x.pl/tpw/index.htm Yahoo! Groups Links <*> To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/thePhantomWriters/ <*> Your email settings: Individual Email | Traditional <*> To change settings online go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/thePhantomWriters/join (Yahoo! ID required) <*> To change settings via email: mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] <*> To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] <*> Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
