I have also heard the 1us number for substations.  Substations are
relatively small, engineered networks.  Probably the 1us can be met by
PTP, with the default profile, and some guidelines about network design,
including the recommended use of transparent clocks or boundary clocks
for switches.  This is very important, but I don't see a role for the
IETF.
 
I have heard another requirement, which is more relevant to the IETF.
That is a requirement for 1 ms timing accuracy, CONSISTENTLY, across the
communications infrastructure of regional power grids.  Such a grid
might contain several SONET rings, as well as Ethernet and numerous
routers in the path between master and slave.  1 ms sounds easy, except
the power utility would want to count on it.  Besides a lot of queuing
delay variation, such networks likely have large asymmetries.  Neither
NTP, nor PTP can meet this spec consistently without the the "on path
support" (whatever that turns out to be) which TICTOC promises.  
 
//Doug Arnold

________________________________

From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf
Of [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Monday, September 22, 2008 8:21 AM
To: STUART VENTERS
Cc: [email protected]
Subject: Re: [TICTOC] Requirements draft - call for assistance/power
systems



Hi Stuart, 

The goal of time correlation accuracy in sub-stations for power
distribution systems is 1uS. Across power distribution networks per
power generating station is 10uS. These goals are the targets defined by
EPRI, Electric Power Research Institute. In reality the needs for
correlation come down to as Stuart says looking at the slope of the
change. The goal is to identify the voltage event. The frequency is
derived from the rotation of the armature in the power plant. Quick and
sudden changes in voltage drop across distribution environments are the
real tough ones to spot before the become breaker trips. 
The networks used are almost always private. They are mostly SNA types
many over frame relay with spoofing routers at the end points.  As you
can imagine the post event processing is almost useless in regards to
intelligent power grid "self healing" grids. 

The use of the public internet to carry this mission critical data is
not going to happen given todays operating paradigms. 

Regards, 

Pat







"STUART VENTERS" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> 

09/22/2008 07:41 AM 

To
<[EMAIL PROTECTED]> 
cc
<[email protected]> 
Subject
[TICTOC] Requirements draft - call for assistance/power systems

        




Pat, (or any power expert listening)


For power system timing requirements, any idea what sort of accuracy is
desired or in common practice?


Without clues, as a starting point, my guess would be some combination
of the following:

1) For correlating meter readings across the grid for billing purposes.
   (Perhaps 1 second would be good enough for this?)

2) For correlating significant events (like breaker trips) over the grid
to aid in determining the root cause of a failure.  (Perhaps 1 to 10 mS
would be good enough for this?)

3) For correlating voltage and current phase angles over the grid.  (At
60Hz, 4.6 uS would be 1/10 of a degree?)


But it seems like we should have some additional clues as to if these
numbers are reasonable and if these or other applications are what is
actually needed before adding specific requirements


Also, what sort of packet network would it need to maintain the accuracy
over.  (On a LAN inside the substation, outside over a dedicated link,
other?)


Regards,

Stuart



-----Original Message-----


----------------------------------------------------------------------

Message: 1
Date: Thu, 18 Sep 2008 00:44:01 -0700
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: Re: [TICTOC] Requirements draft - call for assistance
To: Yaakov Stein <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Cc: "[email protected]" <[email protected]>
Message-ID:
 
<[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
                
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII

Hi Yaakov,

I can comment on the electric power and instrumentation bit. Each power
grid sub-station has a large number of monitoring devices. These devices
historically have been served time via IRIG-B distributed time systems.
The
substations will typically have a gps receiver for time and 1pps to
drive
the IRIG generators. the backhaul networks are usually private circuit
based networks. In past years many of these were on SNA or some other
similar network. As these substations are upgraded they are being
implemented with local LAN's and will have time distribution systems
based
on 1588 or ntp. This allows the removal of the IRIG systems. The
backhaul
networks can then be migrated to packet based with whatever access makes
sense for each location. The time distribution systems are local to the
substations.

In test and measurement the LXI forum, LAN extensions for
Instrumentation,
has mandated the use of 1588 for compliance. Again this is a local time
distribution paradigm with a local time source.

Many of the "time" based event correlation systems use a local source of
time, typically gps, for time stamps. This is then sent in non-real time
to
the monitoring systems for overall system correlation processing. I
agree
with your thought that most of these are not applicable to the TICTOC
work.

Hopefully this info is helpful.

Pat


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