Hi

Should drink coffee first and *then* type messages..

On Sep 15, 2013, at 9:12 AM, Bob Camp <[email protected]> wrote:

> Hi
> 
> The OCXO in the TBolt is quite low phase noise as a stand alone oscillator, 
> It's not all that spur free in the TBolt. There's not a lot you can do about 
> that with any settings. The OCXO in the NTBW50AA (and similar) is not as lot

how about LOW phase noise

> phase noise as the TBolt. It's also got issues "as installed". The whole 
> settings thing does not apply to the NTBW50's since you can't change the loop 
> settings on them with LH.
> 
> Bob

Your best bet for low phase noise at microwaves is still to lock up a 100 MHz 
VCXO and don't sweat the noise & spurs at lower frequencies.

Bob

> 
> On Sep 15, 2013, at 7:14 AM, Jim Sanford <[email protected]> wrote:
> 
>> So, what settings would you recommend for an application where frequency 
>> accuracy and low phase noise of the 10 MHz output are the objectives?
>> 
>> In particular, I'm not sure I understand how to establish the "extended TC 
>> method."
>> 
>> Thanks!
>> Jim
>> [email protected]
>> 
>> On 9/14/2013 6:21 PM, WarrenS wrote:
>>> OT for the current heading, so I renamed it "Oscillator stability"
>>> 
>>> as Tom says, "it's a complicated subject".
>>> And to complicate things even further, here are a few of advanced 
>>> subtleties that I've observed from the TBolt when using LadyHeather.
>>> 
>>> 
>>> 1) The TBolt uses the received GPS signal as the reference for the 
>>> calculated OSC freq offset and the Phase offset, over a measurement time of 
>>> 1 sec.
>>> Unfortunately, from second to second the GPS signal is very noisy.
>>> Fortunately, LadyHeather can display plots of the data with several helpful 
>>> user options, such as gain, offset, and most important length of time 
>>> averaged.
>>> 
>>> 2) The Osc freq display plot of LH is so noisy that I find it mostly 
>>> useless,
>>> unless I turn on LH's display filter to average the data over more than 1 
>>> second.
>>> LH allows you to manually turn-on and set the display filter to any time 
>>> period desired,
>>> doing so this will greatly reduce the noise of the Osc plot.
>>> (10 samples is the display filter default, but I find 100sec to be a better 
>>> place to start, for most things)
>>> A problem with the LH Osc freq plot even after filtering, is that the 
>>> frequency difference data can not be counted on to be more accurate than a 
>>> few parts in 1e-12 due to some offset rounding problems that often occurs.
>>> 
>>> 
>>> 3) On the other hand, the filtered Phase plot has no known offset error.
>>> The Tbolt accurately shows time/phase different between the 1PPS and the 
>>> received GPS signal,
>>> and when disciplined, it assumes if there is a difference, then the GPS is 
>>> always right.
>>> This is why the antenna placement and setup is so important. Gunk in, Gunk 
>>> out.
>>> 
>>> 
>>> 4) The GPS signal, even on a 'perfect antenna', tends to wonders around ~10 
>>> ns PP independently of the time period averaged.
>>> So if LH is showing less than ~ 10 ns of GPS noise in the phase plot,
>>> it is because the control loop is set too fast and therefore forcing the 
>>> Osc's freq to change a little so that it's phase will wonder around with 
>>> the GPS's noise.
>>> Tbolt's max useable time constant is only 1000 sec, which is not nearly 
>>> long enough to avoid this problem, when using a stable external osc like a 
>>> good RB.
>>> To avoid tracking the noisy GPS data, the extended TC method must be used 
>>> to set the Tbolt's osc to values >> 1000 seconds,
>>> and/or you can reduce the speed of  the phase tracking using the damping 
>>> setting..
>>> 
>>> 4) How well and how fast the Tbolt minimizes the PPS phase and freq offset 
>>> compared to the received GPS signal all depends on tuning.
>>> The Tbolt's TC determines what the Frequency  tracking time constant will 
>>> be, and the TBolt's damping setting determines what the Phase tracking time 
>>> multiplier is.
>>> If you set the damping factor to a large value like 100, then the Phase 
>>> tracking will pretty much be turned off,
>>> making the disciplined loop more of a freq lock loop instead of a phase 
>>> lock loop. This is done by lowering the gain of the loop's PID integrator.
>>> This is a way to set the phase's tracking time constant to be much slower 
>>> than the freq TC setting, and if desired the phase tracking TC can be made 
>>> several days long.
>>> Turning off the phase tracking has it's own set of pros and cons, but in 
>>> most cases it is generally not desirerable in GPSDO.
>>> A damping setting of 0.7 to 1 will give the best overall compromise between 
>>> the trade-off of not adding extra freq noise but still allowing good phase 
>>> tracking.
>>> 
>>> 
>>> 5) What some do not realize is to correct for any phase drift error, the 
>>> Oscillator must be set off frequency.
>>> When the frequency is correct there is no further change in the present 
>>> phase, whatever the present phase may be or wherever it may of come from.
>>> The faster you want to correct or change the present phase difference, no 
>>> mater how it got there, the larger that the present frequency error must be 
>>> made. (this causes freq noise)
>>> The trade off is, if you do not correct the present phase error then the 
>>> past average frequency will be in error.
>>> 
>>> 6) So it is all a matter of what is more important to the application, 
>>> present frequency error and noise or the average of all past frequency 
>>> errors?
>>> The goal of most GPSDO is to keep the average past frequency error to zero. 
>>> (a Phase Lock Loop)
>>> Where as for many transmitter things such as used by Hams,  it is the 
>>> present errors and noise that is more important.
>>> So no need to cause a present freq error just to fix something that 
>>> happened in the past.
>>> The past is gone and what happened before does not matter anymore. (a Freq 
>>> Lock Loop)
>>> 
>>> ws
>>> 
>>> ***********************
>>> 
>>> ----- Original Message ----- From: "Tom Van Baak"
>>> To: "Discussion of precise time and frequency measurement" 
>>> <[email protected]>
>>> Subject: Re: [time-nuts] New NTBW50AA
>>> 
>>> 
>>>> I get a spread of around 300ppt, that means I'm always within
>>>> 300x10^-9 Hz of 10MHz or .0003Hz at 1GHz?
>>> 
>>> Note "300 ppt" is a "fractional frequency", unit-less value, so
>>> at 10 MHz, 300e-12 * 1e7 Hz =  0.003 Hz
>>> at 1 GHz, 300e-12 * 1e9 Hz = 0.3 Hz
>>> 
>>>> I suppose the ppt spread is pretty much a function of how stable the osc 
>>>> is once
>>>> other factors like temp, antenna position, sat acquisition, etc, are 
>>>> optimized?
>>> 
>>> Yes and no; it's a complicated subject. For now, just two points:
>>> 
>>> A measure of frequency implies some measurement duration. A given TBolt may 
>>> be off by more than 1e-11 in frequency over seconds or minutes even though 
>>> if you measure over a day it is accurate to less than 1e-13. This is one 
>>> problem with interpreting the "OSC" value.
>>> 
>>> A second problem is that a TBolt can't really know its own accuracy; that 
>>> requires an external frequency reference, so take the PPS and OSC with a 
>>> grain of salt. However, in general, the TBolt will steer its 10 MHz 
>>> oscillator so as to minimize the PPS and OSC values. As such they can be 
>>> used as a rough idea of how well the unit is performing.
>>> 
>>> /tvb
>>> 
>>> 
>>> 
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>> 
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