The use of a synchroniser loses no information apart from fine details about 
the metastability response of the sampling flipflop. With a 10Hz offset and a 
10MHz clock the sampling resolution is 100fs with the phase difference between 
the flipflop clock and data input transitions changing monotonically by 100fs 
between successive active clock transitions. Phase noise/jitter between the 
flipflop and data input transitions will typically result in a burst of state 
transitions at the synchroniser output rather than a single transition when the 
active clock transition and a data transition coincide..

Typically a 74HC164 shift register has internal cycle to cycle sampling jitter 
of about 4ps or so when used as a mixer, a 74AC device has about 1/4 of this 
jitter or around 1ps. Faster CMOS devices have even less internal jitter.

Bruce 
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