Li,

> Since I really want to reduce the noise, what is the best test set you 
> suggest?
...
> How to analyze the ADEV plot to get information about noise?

Note these two statements are at odds. On the one hand we all want to reduce 
noise. But ADEV is all about measuring noise, not making it go away. Think 
frequency instability (not frequency stability). On a log-log ADEV plot the top 
has more instability and the bottom has less instability.

> The uncertainty of slope (the frequency ratio of ref and signal ) is 
> contributed by these 2 measurements.
> With linear regression of all 9000 data within one second, the uncertainty 
> will reduced to smaller one.

Correct, for frequency measurements, the finer you can measure the slope the 
better. That's why linear regression is good for a continuous rolling average 
frequency counter.

But for instability measurements, it's not the slope but the small deviations 
around the slope that matter. In this case linear regression is not helpful. 
Instead just take the raw phase data, noise and all, and the ADEV/MDEV 
calculation takes care of all the rest.

/tvb
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