Hi

Once you get things down to baseband, you (likely) shove the I and Q into some 
sort of arc tangent math. Depending on just how you do that math, there can be 
some bumps in the road. It’s implementation dependent so I don’t know of a 
“generic” answer. I’m not all knowing so there may be one … :)

Bob

> On Aug 26, 2021, at 2:27 PM, Tom Holmes <[email protected]> wrote:
> 
> HI Jim...
> 
> From my admittedly limited understanding of IQ demodulators, the first thing 
> done is to split the signal power (signal, noise, and all) evenly between two 
> paths, which then ideally feed identical double balanced mixers (I'm thinking 
> of a hardware implementation, obviously) whose only difference is the 
> quadrature phase of the LO. So both paths are seeing the same SNR at that 
> point. So my first guess would be that the relative phase of the LO to the 
> input signal would only affect the phase of the output from each path, but 
> the noise content ( or modulation if there is any) would not be any different 
> between the two paths. I'm not aware that a single DBM used as a 
> downconverting mixer shows any preference to the phase angle of the input to 
> the LO. 
> 
> Tom Holmes, N8ZM
> 
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Lux, Jim <[email protected]> 
> Sent: Thursday, August 26, 2021 1:37 PM
> To: Discussion of precise time and frequency measurement 
> <[email protected]>
> Subject: [time-nuts] uncertainty/SNR of IQ measurements
> 
> This is sort of tangential to measuring time, really more about 
> measuring phase.
> 
> I'm looking for a simplified treatment of the uncertainty of I/Q 
> measurements.  Say you've got some input signal with a given SNR and you 
> run it into a I/Q demodulator - you get a series of I and Q measurements 
> (which might, later, be turned into mag and phase).
> 
> If the phase of the input happens to be 45 degrees relative to the LO 
> (and at the same frequency), then you get equal I and Q values, with 
> (presumably) equal SNRs.
> 
> But if the phase is 0 degrees, is the SNR of the I term the same as the 
> input (or perhaps, even, better), but what's the SNR of the Q term (or 
> alternately, the sd or variance) - Does the noise power in the input 
> divide evenly between the branches?  Is the contribution of the noise 
> from the LO equally divided? So the I is "input + noise/2" and Q is 
> "zero + noise/2"
> 
> If one looks at it as an ideal multiplier, you're multiplying some "cos 
> (omega t) + input noise" times "cos (omega t) + LO noise" - so the noise 
> in the output is input noise * LO + LO noise *input and a noise * noise 
> term.
> 
> I'm looking for a sort of not super quantitative and analytical 
> treatment that I can point folks to.
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