Of course facial characteristics and other non-verbal behavior are heavily influenced by context. For one excellent review on smiling and the context of power and gender see:
LaFrance, M., & Hecht, M. A. (1999). Option or obligation to smile: The effects of power and gender on facial _expression_. In P. Philippot, R. S. Feldman and E. J. Coats. The social context of nonverbal behavior. Cambridge University Press.
Marie
Cheri Budzynski wrote:
Smiling This is one of the studies presented in The Human Face video previously discussed.
From the abstract: "Finally, positive emotional _expression_ predicted favorable outcomes in marriage and personal well-being up to 30 years later. Controlling for physical attractiveness and social desirability had little impact on these findings."Author
Harker, LeeAnne, Keltner, Dacher Author Affiliation U California, Inst of Personality & Social Research, The Mills Project, Berkeley, CA, US. Title
Expressions of positive emotion in women's college yearbook pictures and their relationship to personality and life outcomes across adulthood. Appears In
Journal of Personality & Social Psychology. Vol 80(1), Jan 2001, 112-124.
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Cheri A. Budzynski, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor of Psychology
Heidelberg College
310. E. Market Street
Tiffin, Ohio 44883
(419) 448-2000 ext. 2251
(419) 893-1986 ext. 4005
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-- ********************************************* Marie Helweg-Larsen, Ph.D. Associate Professor of Psychology Dickinson College Carlisle, PA 17013 Office: (717) 245-1562, Fax: (717)) 245-1971 *********************************************
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