>  > Nice case study, Louis, but as I tell my students,
>  case studies are
>  > interesting because they are rare and unique. 
>  Certainly, a larger
>  > sampling needs to be done before we can conclude that
>  this is "the norm".
>  
>  That's why I said that it gives up cause to pause. 
>  Case studies are not
>  valid because they are rare and unique.  To the
>  contrary, they are valid
>  because they are "stories" or "illustrations" or even
>  parables with a
>  specific message that humanizes a particular principle
>  or value.

"Validity" has many meanings.
In science one core property of valid evidence is that it be representative of the 
phenomenon that it exemplifies.  This cannot be established from a single case.
The exception may 'prove' (in the original sense of 'test') the rule -- it cannot be 
used to _make_ a rule,


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