Christopher D. Green wrote:

“For us, of course, if, say, _Time_ magazine published retouched photos roday we'd scream "Fraud!" At a time when the "meaning" that photos have today hadn't fully crystalized, when the days in which newspapers and magazines regularly used drawings were within living memory, when the quality of photos was such that they often didn't reflect features that were fairly obvious to a direct observer of the photographed scene, retouching may have had a different relation to the viewer and to truth.”

 

With today’s technical innovations, there is not a picture that appears in Time magazine (or your Intro Psych textbook) that has not been retouched (photoshopped). And what is the nature of truth with regard to photographs anyway? Is cropping or framing lying? What about color “correction”? Choosing to include one picture and not another? Are the subjects of black and white photographs actually devoid of color? Photographs are not objective facts. They are included with a story to emphasize a point. National Geographic has a nice column every month called Final Edit where the photo editors give some insight into why certain photos get into a story and others don’t. Some very striking images do not illustrate a story because the picture does not advance the point of the story.

 

As a psychologist who considers carefully the difference between sensation and perception, I recognize that truth, if it is to be found, is only in perception, not in raw sensation. I think our postmodern world is well past being scandalized by a “retouched” photograph. As to the use of photographs as scientific evidence of something, I don’t think that a photograph can be used to provide empirical data of anything but the most obvious and measurable characteristics (like the distance between a person’s eyes, for example). They can be easily manipulated and are, therefore, useful as stimuli in experiments but their main use in research publication is as an illustration of a concept (in which case you will usually use the best example to make your point, leaving the rest on the cutting room floor).

 

Rick

Dr. Rick Froman
Professor of Psychology
John Brown University
2000 W. University
Siloam Springs, AR  72761
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
(479) 524-7295
http://www.jbu.edu/academics/sbs/faculty/rfroman.asp

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