Hi

James M. Clark
Professor of Psychology
204-786-9757
204-774-4134 Fax
[EMAIL PROTECTED]

>>> [EMAIL PROTECTED] 22-Dec-05 9:32:08 AM >>>
On 22 Dec 2005 at 8:51, Jim Clark wrote:

> There are at least several problems with Stephen's eminently sensible
> suggestions below [my proposal that ID should be taught in the classroom in 
> order to refute its claims]

I think Jim is too pessimistic about what can be done.
> 
> 1.  The level of science education of school teachers.  ...

Biology teachers in Kansas and in Pennsylvania have refused to go along with 
the creationist demands placed on them. As I recall, their refusal meant that 
school principals were forced to visit classrooms and read out the mandated 
anti-evolution statement. I think we should admire the courage of these 
teachers in standing up to their school boards. True, they may have limited 
ability to counter the slick disinformation of creationists, but with the 
proper help from experts, I think they would welcome the opportunity.
*-------------------------------------------
JC:

I would be cautious about inferring from such actions, or the positions of 
professional bodies, what would happen if teachers were given license to 
discuss creationism in the classroom.  Or to underestimate the personal 
sympathy of many teachers for creationism.  First, the qualifications of 
science teachers does still appear to be an issue.  If I am reading the table 
at http://nces.ed.gov/programs/quarterly/vol_4/4_3/2_2.asp correctly, then 
54.4% of Biology/Life Sciences HS teachers do NOT have a major in their 
discipline.  This is not as bad as the state of physics, however, where 83.5% 
of teachers did not major in physics.  We must keep in mind that we are not 
talking about scientists (even minimally defined) when we talk about science 
teachers.

And the recent special issue of Skeptical Inquirer included the results of a 
recent poll on religion and science beliefs.  A college degree does not 
indicate much commitment to evolution.  Only 31% of College Graduates expressed 
a belief in Evolution (and it was only slightly higher at 35% for Post Grads).  
Creationism was selected by 48% of college grads and ID by 15%.  We're 
outnumbered here people!

> 2.  The religious advocates of creationism/id have certainly not demonstrated 
> any marked sense of morality in the debates, including this
> trial.  It appears highly likely that they will abuse any introduction of 
> creationism/id into the curriculum with unwanted (by scientists and
> many others) negative consequences. 

They will get their wish, namely to have ID discussed in the classroom. Of 
course they would not be happy with the way in which it is discussed. But it 
would certainly undercut their argument that the spirit of free inquiry 
requires that ID be presented as an alternate to evolution. By all means, let's 
present it as an alternative, and then show how hollow that alternative is.
*--------------------------------------------------------------------------

JC:
I agree with Stephen that THEY WILL GET THEIR WISH!  But it is not what Stephen 
thinks.  Once religion enters the classroom, the religious right will never 
stand for anything that approaches a criticism of their religious ideas, no 
matter how objective. developers of one Bible curriculum in use in schools have 
written, for example, that "One can't teach that the Bible is objectively true 
(their program teaches that "the Bible says such and such", but one shouldn't 
teach that it's objectively false," he added.  You can bet lawsuits would 
follow.  A university website on teaching evolution is already being sued for 
straying into the field of religion.  See 
http://www.mercurynews.com/mld/mercurynews/news/13262018.htm.  Apparently the 
site includes quotes from religious leaders who see no conflict with evolution. 
 

Even pro-evolution groups appreciate the danger.  From the National Science 
Teachers Association statement on Evolution (which is generally excellent!), 
one is told that "Because science limits itself to natural explanations and not 
religious or ultimate ones, science teachers should neither advocate any 
religious interpretation of nature nor assert that religious interpretations of 
nature are not possible."

I just do not see how this can work.  We can teach that science tells us 
(correctly, I presume) that the world is millions of years old, but this does 
not mean that religious claims that the world is 6,000 years old are not 
possible.  And we can teach that humans evolved from prior species, but this 
does not mean that the religious claim that we were created by god or whoever 
is not possible.  And we can show how complex organisms and organs evolved from 
simpler forms, but this does nothing to discredit the idea that these forms 
were created by a higher power.

Even the NSTA's book on "The Creation Controversy and the Science Classroom" 
begins with a chapter denouncing a literal interpretation of the Bible (a 
pretty fundamental belief in some people's religion).  The preface states: "In 
detailing the history and theological meaning of the book of Genesis,
Skehan shows why Genesis is not the literal explanation for the nature and 
history of the natural world."  Such an approach would certainly lead to "equal 
time" for the more fundamentalist version.

So even if teachers were inclined toward the scientific worldview (of which I 
am less certain than Stephen), I doubt very much that they will have the kind 
of latitude that we might like and feel is necessary to do proper justice to 
such ideas as ID.

> 3.  Can public schools really withstand the kinds of conflicts that
> have manifested themselves at the school governance level? 
<snip>
>  Certainly the recent experience
> trying (with disastrous results) to teach about creationism and other
> mythologies in a university religious studies course should not lead us
> to be sanguine about what would happen at lower levels of the
> educational system.

The "disastrous results" occurred not as a result of teaching anything but 
because the teacher had a big mouth and made strikingly inappropriate comments 
publicly indicating that he would not be impartial in the classroom. Also, I'm 
not talking about teaching creationism in religion class but about teaching 
science in science class, and why religious attacks on evolution are without 
merit.
*---------------------------------------------------------------------
JC:
I agree Stephen, but only partly.  That certainly accelerated the process ... 
from course to no course to no chair of department in a matter of days ... I've 
seldom seen universities act so precipitously!  It will be interesting to see 
(were it possible) what happens now with courses in religious studies or other 
non-science departments that take a critical stand on id, creationism, and the 
like (assuming such exist already), and what effect the events in Kansas will 
have on additional such courses.  We'll probably never know.  We do know, of 
course, that many academics have been happy to accept Templeton's millions to 
promote a rapprochement between science and religion.

Take care
Jim




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