Trying to apply  Eurocentric scientific models to non-Western cultures will not 
work as demonstrated by the cuurent posts on pain.The experience of pain
varies from culture to culture.It has been remarked that Philipinos make the 
best nurses because they  feel the pain of their patients differently
from that of American nurses..In some cultures pain is viewed as pleasant.These 
differences can be attributed to the varying thresholds of emotions for 
different cultures.Western cultures tend to have a low tolerance for emotive 
expressions.The analgesic and anesthetic applications have killed the Western 
ability to tolerate
painful experiences -which  could have been vicariously experienced.Among the 
Carib people that inhabited the islands of the Caribbean,men  went into labor
when their wives did.Btw,I am trying to get the government of St.Lucia to 
change the name to HEWANORA-the original Carib name.

Michael J.Sylvester,PhD
Daytona Beach,Florida
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