Thanks to Peter for pointing out the Wikipedia entry which references the following article:
"Cyborgs and Space," in Astronautics (September 1960), by Manfred E. Clynes and Nathan S. Kline. However, I was wondering if there was an earlier use of the word cyborg prior to Clynes & Kline. -Mike Palij New York University [EMAIL PROTECTED] On Sun, 24 Aug 2008 10:16:36 -0700, Peter Kepros: > >Found in Wikipedia: > >>A cyborg is a >><http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki//wiki/Cybernetic>cybernetic >><http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki//wiki/Organism>organism (i.e., an >>organism that has both artificial and natural systems). The term was >>coined in 1960 when >><http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki//wiki/Manfred_Clynes>Manfred Clynes >>and >><http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki//w/index.php?title=Nathan_Kline&action=edit&; redlink=1>Nathan >>Kline used it in an article about the advantages of self-regulating >>human-machine systems in outer space.[1] D. S. Halacy's Cyborg: >>Evolution of the Superman in 1965 featured an introduction by >>Manfred Clynes, who wrote of a "new frontier" that was "not merely >>space, but more profoundly the relationship between 'inner space' to >>'outer space' -a bridge...between mind and matter."[2] The cyborg is >>often seen today merely as an organism that has enhanced abilities >>due to <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki//wiki/Technology>technology,[3] >>but this perhaps oversimplifies the category of >><http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki//wiki/Feedback>feedback. > > >Hope this helps. > >Peter Kepros >University of New Brunswick >Happily Retired --- To make changes to your subscription contact: Bill Southerly ([EMAIL PROTECTED])
