I wrote: "I hold that these statements are true whether one's subjects are of European descent, African, Asian, non-human animals, plants, inanimate matter, abstract concepts and symbols, whatever. Some other methodology statements (e.g., about the need for "blind" participants and raters) only hold for human subjects, but not for those in some cultures and not those in other cultures". Oops - of course I didn't mean to imply that the need for blind raters goes away when the participants are non-human. My typing got ahead of my thinking there. Paul Smith Alverno College Milwaukee