Thanks Beth, I should have done that too. I've been sitting here summarizing it. Duh. I like the compliance rate as well as the fact that Mars, Inc. funded the study and supplied the cocoa. What I really like about this is that this study, as Medscape portrays it anyway, is easily understood in terms of IVs and DVs and other variables. I'll probably use it for class for my students to critique and discuss.. Thanks again! Carol
On Fri, Aug 17, 2012 at 4:53 PM, Beth Benoit <[email protected]> wrote: > > > > > > Here it is...free registration, so I don't feel I'm stepping on any toes. > Beth Benoit > Plymouth State University > Granite State College > New Hampshire > > From Medscape Medical News <http://www.medscape.com/news> > > Neurology<http://www.medscape.com/index/section_10172_0> Cocoa > Can Boost Cognitive Function > > Megan Brooks > > Authors and > Disclosures<http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/769112?src=mpnews%3Fsrc%3Dstfb> > > - [image: Print > This]<http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/769112?src=mpnews%3Fsrc%3Dstfb> > Print > This<http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/769112?src=mpnews%3Fsrc%3Dstfb> > - [image: Email > This]<http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/769112?src=mpnews%3Fsrc%3Dstfb> > Email > this<http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/769112?src=mpnews%3Fsrc%3Dstfb> > - [image: Share]Share > > > > > August 14, 2012 — A new study hints that regular consumption of cocoa > flavanol might improve cognitive function in older adults with mild > cognitive impairment (MCI), perhaps by improving glucose-insulin metabolism. > > "Given the global rise in cognitive disorders due to the 'graying' of > populations in Western countries, our findings provide encouraging evidence > that consuming cocoa flavanols could represent a fascinating new tool for > preserving/improving cognitive function during senescence," first author > Giovambattista Desideri, MD, director of the Geriatric Division, Department > of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila in > Italy, told*Medscape Medical News*. > Dr. Giovambattista Desideri > > The study was published > online<http://hyper.ahajournals.org/content/early/2012/08/14/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.193060.abstract> > August > 14 in *Hypertension*. It was funded by Mars Inc, a maker of chocolate > products; the company also provided the standardized cocoa drinks used in > the trial. > > *Findings "Intriguing"* > > "There is great interest in identifying nutritional factors that could > potentially delay or prevent conversion of MCI to dementia," Mary Ann > Johnson, PhD, national spokesperson for the American Society of Nutrition > (ASN), who was not involved in the study, told*Medscape Medical News*. > > What makes this study novel, she said, is that it is a randomized > controlled trial in people with MCI, it employed well-known cognitive > tests, and it used 3 levels of cocoa flavanols: low, medium, and high. > > "Both the medium and high levels conferred some benefits to cognition, > insulin resistance, and blood pressure. Poor cognition, poor insulin > resistance, high blood pressure, and other cardiovascular risk factors have > all been linked to dementia," Dr. Johnson said. > > "These are intriguing findings that should be followed up with additional > research studies to confirm these findings for cocoa," added Dr. Johnson, > who is from the Department of Foods and Nutrition, College of Family and > Consumer Sciences at the University of Georgia in Athens. > > *More Is Better?* > > Based on prior studies, intake of flavonoids may be associated with a > decreased risk for incident dementia, a lower prevalence of cognitive > impairment, and better cognitive evolution over 10 years in aging adults, > the authors note. > > To investigate further, Dr. Desideri and colleagues recruited 90 elderly > individuals with MCI into the Cocoa, Cognition and Aging (CoCoA) Study. > They were randomly assigned to consume once daily for 8 weeks a drink > containing 1 of 3 levels of cocoa flavanols: 990 mg, the high flavanol (HF) > group; 520 mg, the intermediate flavanol (IF) group; or 45 mg, the low > flavanol (LF) group. > > Overall compliance was good — 99.6% at week 4 and 99.4% at week 8, with no > between-group differences. > > The team assessed cognitive function using the Mini–Mental State > Examination (MMSE), the Trail Making Test A (TMT A) and B (TMT B), and a > verbal fluency test. Baseline performances on these 3 tests were similar. > > During the study period, the researchers did not see any significant > changes in MMSE scores in relation to group assignment. > > However, the time needed to complete the TMT A did change significantly > during the study period (*P* < .0001), with significant reductions > observed in participants in the HF group (-14.3 seconds; *P* < .0001) and > IF group (-8.8 seconds; *P* < .0001) but not in those in the LF group > (+1.1 seconds; *P* = .65). > > The results were similar for the TMT B test, with significant reductions > in the time needed to complete the test seen in the HF and IF groups (-29.2 > and -22.8 seconds, respectively; for both, *P* < .0001) but not in the LF > group (+3.8 seconds; *P* = .21). > > As a result, TMT A and B scores at the end of follow-up were significantly > (*P* < .05) better in the HF and IF groups than in the LF group, the > authors note. > > Additionally, they say verbal fluency test scores significantly improved ( > *P* < .0001) during the study, with improvements seen in the HF group > (+8.0 words per 60 seconds; *P* < .0001) and IF group (+5.1 words per 60 > seconds; *P* < .0001) and, to a lesser extent, in the LF group (+1.2 > words per 60 seconds; *P* < .014). > > The improvement of verbal fluency test score was significantly greater in > HF participants than in those assigned to the LF group (*P* < .05). > > Baseline blood pressure and metabolic parameters were similar in the 3 > groups, but with treatment, HF and IF groups experienced a decrease in > insulin resistance, blood pressure, and lipid peroxidation. > > *Insulin Resistance* > > Dr. Desideri and colleagues report that changes in homeostasis model > assessment–insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were the main determinants of > change in cognitive function, accounting for roughly 40% of composite z > score variability throughout the study period (*P* < .0001). > > Changes in systolic blood pressure levels and plasma isoprostane > concentrations accounted for only 2% and 7% of cognitive improvement, > respectively, throughout the study period. > > "Our data suggest that regular cocoa flavanol consumption, in the context > of a calorie-controlled and nutritionally balanced diet, might represent an > effective strategy in preserving brain and cardiovascular health and > function," Dr. Desideri concluded. "Obviously, larger studies are needed to > validate our findings." > > The researchers caution that the intervention lasted only 2 months; > therefore, the extent of the cognitive benefits and their duration, as well > as their impact on a clinical course of MCI, remain to be established. > > It is also unclear whether the observed benefits in neurocognition are a > direct consequence of cocoa flavanols themselves or a secondary effect > related to general improvements in cardiovascular function or health. > > Finally, the study team points out that the participants in the study were > generally in good health and were free of cardiovascular disease and > therefore may not be completely representative of all individuals with MCI. > > *The study was supported by a grant from Mars Inc, which also supplied > the standardized powdered cocoa drinks used in the study. One author is an > employee of Mars Inc. A complete list of author disclosures is given in the > original article*. > > *Hypertension.* Published online August 14, 2012. > Abstract<http://hyper.ahajournals.org/content/early/2012/08/14/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.193060.abstract> > > On Fri, Aug 17, 2012 at 5:42 PM, Paul C Bernhardt < > [email protected]> wrote: > >> >> >> >> >> >> >> Can you provide a summary? Not all of us can see the article on MedScape. >> >> Paul >> >> On Aug 17, 2012, at 4:28 PM, Carol DeVolder wrote: >> >> >> >> >> I'm not surprised at the high compliance rate. >> http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/769112?src=mpnews%3Fsrc%3Dstfb >> >> -- >> Carol DeVolder, Ph.D. >> Professor of Psychology >> St. Ambrose University >> 518 West Locust Street >> Davenport, Iowa 52803 >> 563-333-6482 >> >> >> >> >> >> --- >> >> You are currently subscribed to tips as: [email protected]. >> >> To unsubscribe click here: >> http://fsulist.frostburg.edu/u?id=13441.4e79e96ebb5671bdb50111f18f263003&n=T&l=tips&o=19807 >> >> (It may be necessary to cut and paste the above URL if the line is broken) >> >> or send a blank email to >> leave-19807-13441.4e79e96ebb5671bdb50111f18f263...@fsulist.frostburg.edu >> >> >> >> >> >> --- >> >> You are currently subscribed to tips as: [email protected]. >> >> To unsubscribe click here: >> http://fsulist.frostburg.edu/u?id=13105.b9b37cdd198e940b73969ea6ba7aaf72&n=T&l=tips&o=19811 >> >> (It may be necessary to cut and paste the above URL if the line is broken) >> >> or send a blank email to >> leave-19811-13105.b9b37cdd198e940b73969ea6ba7aa...@fsulist.frostburg.edu >> >> >> >> >> > > --- > > You are currently subscribed to tips as: [email protected]. > > To unsubscribe click here: > http://fsulist.frostburg.edu/u?id=177920.a45340211ac7929163a0216244443341&n=T&l=tips&o=19812 > > (It may be necessary to cut and paste the above URL if the line is broken) > > or send a blank email to > leave-19812-177920.a45340211ac7929163a0216244443...@fsulist.frostburg.edu > > > > > -- Carol DeVolder, Ph.D. Professor of Psychology St. Ambrose University 518 West Locust Street Davenport, Iowa 52803 563-333-6482 --- You are currently subscribed to tips as: [email protected]. 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