On Tue, 10 Feb 2015 10:37:39 -0800, Christopher Green wrote:
[snip]
It would also be very interesting to know just who Hall is referring
to when he criticizes the "ego-theorists." Nowadays, the term "ego
psychology" is associated with a group of post-psychoanalytics, but
apparently it had a meaning before anyone (in the English-speaking
world, anyway) knew very much about Freud (and decades before
he divided the mind into id, ego, and super-ego.
The concept of "ego" is an old and popular one in philosophy (use
Google's n-gram analysis; you also have to distinguish contexts where
ego is just part of a statement in Latin from the philosophical use).
One source that might be useful on this point is the following text:
Krauth, C. P. (1881). A vocabulary of the philosophical Sciences.
New York: Sheldon & Company.
It is available for free on books.google.com; see the following which
should open to the entry on ego:
https://books.google.com/books?id=v9QEGsZAKsoC&pg=PA643&dq=%22ego%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=el3aVPjjDsTfsATJxoDwAw&ved=0CM0BEOgBMB0#v=onepage&q=%22ego%22&f=false
Krauth's book is apparently a kind of dictionary for terms used in
philosophy and his version is the 4th edition (he was vice-provost
of the University of Pennsylvania at the time of this publication --
the previous editors are noted on the title page). For the term
"Ego", Krauth provides several definitions depending upon who
has used it/defined it. His definitions come from the following
people:
Des Cartes (Descartes)
Kant
Hume
Fichte
Herbart
Schelling
This is not an exhaustive list of philosophers but one could argue that
it
contains most of the influential philosophers in the English language
(Bishop Berkeley is notably absent; for Berkeley on this issue, see:
https://books.google.com/books?id=b7xaAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA249&dq=berkeley+ego&hl=en&sa=X&ei=23LaVKXqLam0sATom4DgDA&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=berkeley%20ego&f=false
It would also be interesting to look anew at the work of Pierre Janet,
who engaged in a lengthy literature dispute with Freud over priority
for unconscious motivation (as I recall - again, it has been a while).
I'm not really familiar with Janet but from what little I've read, he
comes
out of a different philosophical tradition, initially influenced by
Victor Cousins
(see Cousins' Wikipedia entry:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Cousin ).
Janet's Wikipedia entry does not provide too much detail on the
"dispute"
between Janet and Freud but it does suggest that they were approaching
phenomena from different perspectives; see:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Janet
Regarding Ken Steele's note on Hall and the citation of his iceberg:
On Tue, 10 Feb 2015 11:36:31 -0800, Ken Steele wrote:
Beatrice Hinkle (an early psychoanalyst -- see
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beatrice_M._Hinkle ) wrote the
introduction to Jung's (1916) "Psychology of the Unconscious."
She connects GS Hall with the iceberg metaphor.
https://archive.org/stream/psychologyuncon00junggoog#page/n42/mode/2up/search/iceberg
There is no other mention of Hall or the metaphor in the book.
Note that Hall is incorrectly quoted. Hall described the iceberg
as being 1/10 visible and 9/10s below the surface. One can assume
that Hall was relying upon texts such as the 1878 "The Earth
and Its Inhabitants" which were geography texts (see my previous
text). Jung, however, changes the numbers to 1/8 visible and 7/8
below the surface. I think this raises questions about whether Jung
is actually relying upon Hall as a source (Jung provides no
citation/reference even though on the previous page he cites his
own paper in the "Nervous and Mental Disease Monograph
Series, No. 19). This may just be sloppiness on Jung's part
or he may have been relying upon a secondary source that
changed the numbers or maybe he was not good with numbers.
Or maybe he got the numbers from another author and mistakenly
attributed it to Hall. Hall was not the only one to use this metaphor.
-Mike Palij
New York University
[email protected]
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