Just to muddy the waters a little bit: the answer to Annette's
question depends upon which concept called "scripts" is
she referring to.
If it artificial intelligence (AI), then looking at the following,
provides one answer:
Schank, R. C., & Abelson, R. P. (1975, September). Scripts,
plans, and knowledge. In Proceedings of the 4th international
joint conference on Artificial intelligence-Volume 1
(pp. 151-157). Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc..
You can get a copy here:
http://www.psychedout.org/uploads/2/7/9/7/27978279/schank_abelson_scripts_1975.pdf
This pre-dates the Schank & Abelson 1977 book "Scripts,
Plans, Goals, and Understanding".but it provides a concise
review of knowledge structures in AI starting with Minsky's
"frames".
Then again, the notion that people's understanding of their
role in social situations goes back a ways and there was
another "script" theory, in part, based on the dramaturgical
roles Goffman wrote about in 1959's "The Presentation of the
Self in Everyday Life". But Goffman referred to "frames",
that is, situations in which people act. Kenneth Burke is
one of the people who relies heavily a dramaturgical role
like an actor following a script though he does not use
script to refer to knowledge structure -- see his book:
Burke, K. (1966). Language as symbolic action: Essays
on life, literature, and method. Univ of California Press.
Available on books.google.com; see:
https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=HXF3HMi1zQ4C&oi=fnd&pg=PA2&dq=burke+%22language+as+symbolic+action%22&ots=ukM3ngWdDI&sig=3G-sAftRpIglPo13M5eW9LXyrnY#v=snippet&q=drama&f=false
How this earlier work ties into the later work is nicely presented
in Lynn Smith-Lovin's chapter in the following:
Smith-Lovin, L., & Heise, D. R. (1988). Analyzing social interaction:
Advances in affect control theory. New York: Gordon and Breach
Science Publishers.
See pages 74-78. The book is available on books.google.com
and the relevant chapter should be accessed with this link:
https://books.google.com/books?id=W-6HQ2Z3HiEC&pg=PA76&dq=goffman+script+schank+abelson&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiWlIzyp_vLAhVHVhoKHZCoAiEQ6AEIMTAC#v=onepage&q=goffman%20script%20schank%20abelson&f=false
Then again, there is the concept of "social script theory" which
was originally formulated by John Gagnon and William Simon
in 1973. Wikipedia has a short entry on this but under the title
"Sexual script"; see:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_script
Their 1973 book is:
Gagnon, J. H., & Simon, W. (1973). Sexual conduct: The social
sources of human sexuality. Chicago: Aldine Pub. Co.
This book is also on books.google.com and the mentions
of script on found on the following pages:
https://books.google.com/books?id=rycoaGg5H_IC&dq=%22Sexual+Conduct%3A+The+Social+Sources+of+Human+Sexuality%22&q=script#v=snippet&q=script&f=false
So, which concept of "script" are we talking about?
-Mike Palij
New York University
[email protected]
On Wed, 06 Apr 2016 15:18:40 -0700, Christopher Green wrote:
"Scripts" may also derive from Goffman's sociological theory that we
play
multiple "roles" rather than having fixed "identities." There were a
number of
"script" ideas in humanistic forms of psychotherapy as well (e.g.,
"Games
People Play").
On Apr 6, 2016, at 5:26 PM, Christopher Green <[email protected]> wrote:
Annette,
In case the Keepers of the Gate at PsychTeacher decide that I haven't
comported properly with one of their many persnickety little rules,
here is
my answer again:
"Schemata" comes from Kant and was picked up by Piaget, and thence to
psychology. Scripts was from Shank and Abelson's artificial
intelligence
programs of the 1970s.
On Apr 6, 2016, at 5:01 PM, Annette Taylor wrote:
Inquiring student minds want to know...how did "scripts" (event
schemata, or
schemas depending on your grammatical preference) get their name?
Just a bit
of trivia, I know, but not a bad question.
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