Hmm, maybe it was just the syntax being wrong. The following line at
least succeeded:

--solver aspcud -o APT::Solver::Strict-Pinning=false -o
APT::Solver::aspcud::Preferences='-removed,-changed,-new,+count(solution
,APT-Pin:=/995/)'

Next up, checking that it does what I want.

Just a worry that came up thinking about the request to aspcud: I think
it is allowed to come up with solutions that don't involve any package
from -proposed/unstable. So I think that if we go this route (and I
think we should/must, not only for the issue encountered in this bug),
autopkgtest must check that packages from the triggers are NOT from
!-proposed/testing.

-- 
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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1760810

Title:
  Non-pinned available package in -proposed not chosen

Status in Auto Package Testing:
  New
Status in apt package in Ubuntu:
  Invalid

Bug description:
  In autopkgtest we just had this situation:

  root@humorous-bullfrog:~# cat /etc/apt/preferences
  Package: *
  Pin: release a=bionic
  Pin-Priority: 990

  Package: python3.6
  Pin: release a=bionic-proposed
  Pin-Priority: 995

  Package: python3.6-venv
  Pin: release a=bionic-proposed
  Pin-Priority: 995

  Package: libpython3.6-stdlib
  Pin: release a=bionic-proposed
  Pin-Priority: 995

  Package: python3.6-minimal
  Pin: release a=bionic-proposed
  Pin-Priority: 995

  Package: libpython3.6-minimal
  Pin: release a=bionic-proposed
  Pin-Priority: 995

  Package: libpython3.6
  Pin: release a=bionic-proposed
  Pin-Priority: 995

  Package: python3.6-examples
  Pin: release a=bionic-proposed
  Pin-Priority: 995

  Package: python3.6-dev
  Pin: release a=bionic-proposed
  Pin-Priority: 995

  Package: libpython3.6-dev
  Pin: release a=bionic-proposed
  Pin-Priority: 995

  Package: libpython3.6-testsuite
  Pin: release a=bionic-proposed
  Pin-Priority: 995

  Package: idle-python3.6
  Pin: release a=bionic-proposed
  Pin-Priority: 995

  Package: python3.6-doc
  Pin: release a=bionic-proposed
  Pin-Priority: 995

  Package: python3.6-dbg
  Pin: release a=bionic-proposed
  Pin-Priority: 995

  Package: libpython3.6-dbg
  Pin: release a=bionic-proposed
  Pin-Priority: 995
  root@humorous-bullfrog:~# apt -oDebug::pkgProblemResolver=true full-upgrade
  Reading package lists... Done
  Building dependency tree       
  Reading state information... Done
  Starting pkgProblemResolver with broken count: 1
  Starting 2 pkgProblemResolver with broken count: 1
  Investigating (0) libpython3.6-stdlib:amd64 < 3.6.5~rc1-1 -> 3.6.5-3 @ii umU 
Ib >
  Broken libpython3.6-stdlib:amd64 Breaks on python3-distutils:amd64 < 
3.6.5~rc1-1 @ii mK > (< 3.6.5-2)
    Considering python3-distutils:amd64 7 as a solution to 
libpython3.6-stdlib:amd64 22
    Added python3-distutils:amd64 to the remove list
    Fixing libpython3.6-stdlib:amd64 via remove of python3-distutils:amd64
  Investigating (0) dh-python:amd64 < 3.20180325ubuntu2 @ii mK Ib >
  Broken dh-python:amd64 Depends on python3-distutils:amd64 < 3.6.5~rc1-1 @ii 
mR >
    Considering python3-distutils:amd64 7 as a solution to dh-python:amd64 15
    Added python3-distutils:amd64 to the remove list
    Fixing dh-python:amd64 via keep of python3-distutils:amd64
  Investigating (1) libpython3.6-stdlib:amd64 < 3.6.5~rc1-1 -> 3.6.5-3 @ii umU 
Ib >
  Broken libpython3.6-stdlib:amd64 Breaks on python3-distutils:amd64 < 
3.6.5~rc1-1 @ii mK > (< 3.6.5-2)
    Considering python3-distutils:amd64 7 as a solution to 
libpython3.6-stdlib:amd64 22
    Added python3-distutils:amd64 to the remove list
    Fixing libpython3.6-stdlib:amd64 via remove of python3-distutils:amd64
  Investigating (1) dh-python:amd64 < 3.20180325ubuntu2 @ii mK Ib >
  Broken dh-python:amd64 Depends on python3-distutils:amd64 < 3.6.5~rc1-1 @ii 
mR >
    Considering python3-distutils:amd64 7 as a solution to dh-python:amd64 15
    Added python3-distutils:amd64 to the remove list
    Fixing dh-python:amd64 via keep of python3-distutils:amd64
  Investigating (2) libpython3.6-stdlib:amd64 < 3.6.5~rc1-1 -> 3.6.5-3 @ii umU 
Ib >
  Broken libpython3.6-stdlib:amd64 Breaks on python3-distutils:amd64 < 
3.6.5~rc1-1 @ii mK > (< 3.6.5-2)
    Considering python3-distutils:amd64 7 as a solution to 
libpython3.6-stdlib:amd64 22
    Added python3-distutils:amd64 to the remove list
    Fixing libpython3.6-stdlib:amd64 via remove of python3-distutils:amd64
  Investigating (2) dh-python:amd64 < 3.20180325ubuntu2 @ii mK Ib >
  Broken dh-python:amd64 Depends on python3-distutils:amd64 < 3.6.5~rc1-1 @ii 
mR >
    Considering python3-distutils:amd64 22 as a solution to dh-python:amd64 15
    Removing dh-python:amd64 rather than change python3-distutils:amd64
  Investigating (3) python3:amd64 < 3.6.4-1 @ii mK Ib >
  Broken python3:amd64 Depends on dh-python:amd64 < 3.20180325ubuntu2 @ii mR >
    Considering dh-python:amd64 22 as a solution to python3:amd64 40
    Added dh-python:amd64 to the remove list
    Fixing python3:amd64 via keep of dh-python:amd64
  Investigating (3) dh-python:amd64 < 3.20180325ubuntu2 @ii mK Ib >
  Broken dh-python:amd64 Depends on python3-distutils:amd64 < 3.6.5~rc1-1 @ii 
mR >
    Considering python3-distutils:amd64 22 as a solution to dh-python:amd64 40
    Added python3-distutils:amd64 to the remove list
    Fixing dh-python:amd64 via keep of python3-distutils:amd64
  Investigating (4) libpython3.6-stdlib:amd64 < 3.6.5~rc1-1 -> 3.6.5-3 @ii umU 
Ib >
  Broken libpython3.6-stdlib:amd64 Breaks on python3-distutils:amd64 < 
3.6.5~rc1-1 @ii mK > (< 3.6.5-2)
    Considering python3-distutils:amd64 40 as a solution to 
libpython3.6-stdlib:amd64 22
    Removing libpython3.6-stdlib:amd64 rather than change 
python3-distutils:amd64
  Investigating (4) python3.6:amd64 < 3.6.5~rc1-1 -> 3.6.5-3 @ii umU Ib >
  Broken python3.6:amd64 Depends on libpython3.6-stdlib:amd64 < 3.6.5~rc1-1 | 
3.6.5-3 @ii umR > (= 3.6.5-3)
    Considering libpython3.6-stdlib:amd64 40 as a solution to python3.6:amd64 21
    Removing python3.6:amd64 rather than change libpython3.6-stdlib:amd64
  Investigating (4) libpython3-stdlib:amd64 < 3.6.4-1 @ii mK Ib >
  Broken libpython3-stdlib:amd64 Depends on libpython3.6-stdlib:amd64 < 
3.6.5~rc1-1 | 3.6.5-3 @ii umR > (>= 3.6.4-1~)
    Considering libpython3.6-stdlib:amd64 40 as a solution to 
libpython3-stdlib:amd64 15
    Removing libpython3-stdlib:amd64 rather than change 
libpython3.6-stdlib:amd64
  Investigating (4) libpython3.6:amd64 < 3.6.5~rc1-1 -> 3.6.5-3 @ii umU Ib >
  Broken libpython3.6:amd64 Depends on libpython3.6-stdlib:amd64 < 3.6.5~rc1-1 
| 3.6.5-3 @ii umR > (= 3.6.5-3)
    Considering libpython3.6-stdlib:amd64 40 as a solution to 
libpython3.6:amd64 3
    Removing libpython3.6:amd64 rather than change libpython3.6-stdlib:amd64
  Investigating (5) python3:amd64 < 3.6.4-1 @ii mK Ib >
  Broken python3:amd64 Depends on python3.6:amd64 < 3.6.5~rc1-1 | 3.6.5-3 @ii 
umR > (>= 3.6.4-1~)
    Considering python3.6:amd64 40 as a solution to python3:amd64 40
    Removing python3:amd64 rather than change python3.6:amd64
  Investigating (5) dh-python:amd64 < 3.20180325ubuntu2 @ii mK Ib >
  Broken dh-python:amd64 Depends on python3:any:any < none @un H > (>= 3.3.2-2~)
    Considering python3:amd64 40 as a solution to dh-python:amd64 40
    Removing dh-python:amd64 rather than change python3:any:any
  Investigating (5) netplan.io:amd64 < 0.34.1 @ii mK Ib >
  Broken netplan.io:amd64 Depends on python3:amd64 < 3.6.4-1 @ii mR >
    Considering python3:amd64 40 as a solution to netplan.io:amd64 11
    Removing netplan.io:amd64 rather than change python3:amd64
  Investigating (5) vim:amd64 < 2:8.0.1401-1ubuntu3 @ii mK Ib >
  Broken vim:amd64 Depends on libpython3.6:amd64 < 3.6.5~rc1-1 | 3.6.5-3 @ii 
umR > (>= 3.6.4~rc1)
    Considering libpython3.6:amd64 40 as a solution to vim:amd64 8
    Removing vim:amd64 rather than change libpython3.6:amd64
  Investigating (5) python3-yaml:amd64 < 3.12-1build2 @ii mK Ib >
  Broken python3-yaml:amd64 Depends on python3:amd64 < 3.6.4-1 @ii mR > (< 3.7)
    Considering python3:amd64 40 as a solution to python3-yaml:amd64 8
    Removing python3-yaml:amd64 rather than change python3:amd64
  Investigating (5) nplan:amd64 < 0.34.1 @ii mK Ib >
  Broken nplan:amd64 Depends on netplan.io:amd64 < 0.34.1 @ii mR >
    Considering netplan.io:amd64 40 as a solution to nplan:amd64 7
    Removing nplan:amd64 rather than change netplan.io:amd64
  Investigating (5) lsb-release:amd64 < 9.20170808ubuntu1 @ii mK Ib >
  Broken lsb-release:amd64 Depends on python3:any:any < none @un H > (>= 3.4~)
    Considering python3:amd64 40 as a solution to lsb-release:amd64 7
    Removing lsb-release:amd64 rather than change python3:any:any
  Investigating (5) python3-distutils:amd64 < 3.6.5~rc1-1 @ii mK Ib >
  Broken python3-distutils:amd64 Depends on python3:amd64 < 3.6.4-1 @ii mR > 
(>= 3.6.4-1~)
    Considering python3:amd64 40 as a solution to python3-distutils:amd64 40
    Removing python3-distutils:amd64 rather than change python3:amd64
  Investigating (5) python3-lib2to3:amd64 < 3.6.5~rc1-1 @ii mK Ib >
  Broken python3-lib2to3:amd64 Depends on python3:amd64 < 3.6.4-1 @ii mR > (>= 
3.6.4-1~)
    Considering python3:amd64 40 as a solution to python3-lib2to3:amd64 7
    Removing python3-lib2to3:amd64 rather than change python3:amd64
  Investigating (5) ubuntu-minimal:amd64 < 1.414 @ii mK Ib >
  Broken ubuntu-minimal:amd64 Depends on lsb-release:amd64 < 9.20170808ubuntu1 
@ii mR >
    Considering lsb-release:amd64 40 as a solution to ubuntu-minimal:amd64 3
    Removing ubuntu-minimal:amd64 rather than change lsb-release:amd64
  Done
  Calculating upgrade... Done
  The following package was automatically installed and is no longer required:
    vim-runtime
  Use 'apt autoremove' to remove it.
  The following packages will be REMOVED:
    dh-python libpython3-stdlib libpython3.6 libpython3.6-stdlib lsb-release 
netplan.io nplan python3 python3-distutils python3-lib2to3 python3-yaml 
python3.6 ubuntu-minimal vim
  The following packages will be upgraded:
    libpython3.6-minimal python3.6-minimal
  2 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 14 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
  Need to get 1954 kB of archives.
  After this operation, 19.3 MB disk space will be freed.
  Do you want to continue? [Y/n] 

  autopkgtest merrily went ahead and removed all of those packages,
  which it turns out breaks package extraction, causing a tmpfail and
  then destroying all workers in turn.

  ---

  libpython3.6-stdlib has Breaks: python3-distutils (<< 3.6.5-2)

  root@humorous-bullfrog:~# apt policy python3-distutils
  python3-distutils:
    Installed: 3.6.5~rc1-1
    Candidate: 3.6.5~rc1-1
    Version table:
       3.6.5-2 500
          500 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-proposed/main amd64 
Packages
   *** 3.6.5~rc1-1 990
          990 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 Packages
          100 /var/lib/dpkg/status

  There is a version available which would satisfy this requirement:

  root@humorous-bullfrog:~# apt install libpython3.6-stdlib 
python3-distutils/bionic-proposed
  Reading package lists... Done
  Building dependency tree       
  Reading state information... Done
  Selected version '3.6.5-2' (Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-proposed [all]) for 
'python3-distutils'
  The following additional packages will be installed:
    libpython3.6 libpython3.6-minimal python3.6 python3.6-minimal
  Suggested packages:
    python3.6-venv python3.6-doc binfmt-support
  The following packages will be upgraded:
    libpython3.6 libpython3.6-minimal libpython3.6-stdlib python3-distutils 
python3.6 python3.6-minimal
  6 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
  Need to get 5377 kB of archives.
  After this operation, 13.3 kB disk space will be freed.
  Do you want to continue? [Y/n] 

  Should apt have selected this version to upgrade, or is there
  something we should have done differently in autopkgtest to get around
  this problem?

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