I'm hitting two distinct errors here:

1) Accepting the updates from the GUI-notification, all my kernels over
the past months get marked as "manual" - though I have the strong
feeling, they should be automatic and only kept until superseded by jet
more updates:

root@Meerschweinchen:/boot# apt-mark showmanual 'linux-image-.*'
linux-image-5.4.0-52-generic
linux-image-5.4.0-54-generic
linux-image-5.4.0-56-generic

2) Trying to mark an old kernel as "auto" will still not *MANUALLY* 
"autoremove":
root@Meerschweinchen:/boot# sudo apt-mark auto linux-image-5.4.0-51-generic
linux-image-5.4.0-51-generic wurde bereits auf automatisch installiert gesetzt.
root@Meerschweinchen:/boot# apt-mark showauto 'linux-image-.*'
linux-image-5.4.0-51-generic
linux-image-generic
root@Meerschweinchen:/boot# apt-get autoclean
Paketlisten werden gelesen... Fertig
Abhängigkeitsbaum wird aufgebaut.       
Statusinformationen werden eingelesen.... Fertig
root@Meerschweinchen:/boot# apt-get autoremove
Paketlisten werden gelesen... Fertig
Abhängigkeitsbaum wird aufgebaut.       
Statusinformationen werden eingelesen.... Fertig
0 aktualisiert, 0 neu installiert, 0 zu entfernen und 0 nicht aktualisiert.

This system is:
root@Meerschweinchen:/boot# uname -a
Linux Meerschweinchen 5.4.0-56-generic #62-Ubuntu SMP Mon Nov 23 19:20:19 UTC 
2020 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
root@Meerschweinchen:/boot# lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu 20.04.1 LTS
Release:        20.04
Codename:       focal

-- 
You received this bug notification because you are a member of Ubuntu
Touch seeded packages, which is subscribed to unattended-upgrades in
Ubuntu.
https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1675079

Title:
  16.04 LTS Partition /boot fills up with Kernel images, gets underwear
  in a twist

Status in unattended-upgrades package in Ubuntu:
  Fix Released
Status in update-manager package in Ubuntu:
  Fix Released
Status in unattended-upgrades source package in Xenial:
  Fix Released
Status in update-manager source package in Xenial:
  Fix Released
Status in unattended-upgrades source package in Artful:
  Won't Fix
Status in update-manager source package in Artful:
  Fix Released

Bug description:
  [Impact]

   * Update-manager and unattended-upgrades install many kernel packages during 
the lifetime of a release but does not remove them automatically leading to 
those packages filling disk space potentially completely filling /boot and 
making the system unable to install updates or even boot.
   * Stable release users are impacted by this bug for years and their systems 
already collected many autoremovable unused kernel packages, thus they would 
benefit from backporting the fix greatly.
   * The bug is fixed by removing autoremovable (not currently booted) kernel 
packages when running unattended-upgrades or update-manager. Update manager 
offers the kernel removals when there are other updates to be installed.

  [Test Case]

   1. Install kernel packages to be removed, mark them auto-installed
  and run apt's kernel hook script to make apt consider them
  autoremovable:

    sudo apt install -y linux-image-extra-4.4.0-92-generic 
linux-image-extra-4.4.0-93-generic
    sudo apt-mark auto linux-image-extra-4.4.0-92-generic 
linux-image-extra-4.4.0-93-generic
    sudo /etc/kernel/postinst.d/apt-auto-removal

   2. Also downgrade a package to be upgraded:

     sudo apt-get install -y --allow-downgrades ca-
  certificates=20160104ubuntu1

   3. (update-manager). Run update-manager and observe that kernel
  packages are offered for removal in Details of updates.

    sudo update-manager

   4. (update-manager) Click on Install Now and observe that the kernel
  packages are removed.

   3. (unattended-upgrades) Run unattended-upgrades manually and observe
  the removal of the autoremovable kernel packages:

    sudo unattended-upgrade -v

  [Regression Potential]

   The change may cause update-manager or unattanded-upgrades to remove
  used kernel packages or fail to install other package updates.

  [Other Info]

  The unattended-upgrades fix is uploaded with many other fixes and
  those may cause regressions in other areas in unattended-upgrades.

  [Original bug text]

  On a 16.04LTS system, the /boot partition will eventually fill with
  Kernel images, until the point where "apt-get autoremove" can't
  complete.

  This issue has previously been reported as fixed, but it is not fixed:
  https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/unattended-upgrades/+bug/1357093

  Generally what I see is the final kernel image that fills the drive is
  incompletely installed (the header package does not make it).  "apt-
  get autoremove" tries to work, but fails.  I must manually remove
  kernel images to free enough space.

  I see this on a machine used by my elderly parents, where 'Download
  and install updates automatically' is set.  And on my home machines,
  where the setting is elsewhere.

To manage notifications about this bug go to:
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/unattended-upgrades/+bug/1675079/+subscriptions

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